CN106334171B - 一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,属于中药领域,本发明的有效原料药的组成为:柴胡15~20份、桂枝6~10份、干姜5~8份、天花粉18~23份、煅牡蛎10~16份、炙甘草5~10份、黄芩5~10份、丹参12~16份、丝瓜络8~12份、茵陈10~16份、土茯苓12~17份、三七8~12份、大青叶6~10份、五味子8~16份、天麻1~5份。本发明还提供了该中药制剂的制备方法。本发明将传统中医药学结合现代药理学、药效学进行配伍,疗效显著,不良反应少,能快速修复受损伤的肝细胞,使肝脏恢复功能,标本兼治,适用于急、慢性肝炎引起的肝损伤,酒精性肝损伤,放化疗肝损伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂领域,具体涉及一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂及制备方法。
背景技术
肝脏是人体内最大的实质性腺体,具有十分重要和复杂的生理功能。首先是人体内各种物质代谢和加工的中枢,把门静脉从肠道吸收来的营养物质进行加工,变成人体内自己的成分供应全身,并将多余的物质加以贮存,如糖、蛋白质、脂肪;又把动脉血带来的代谢产物进行加工利用,或把不能利用的加以处理,再由肾脏或胆道排泄,以此维持和调节人体内环境的稳定、水电解质平衡和血容量的稳定。其次,肝脏有生物转化和解毒功能,所有进入人体的药物或毒物等,都会在肝脏发生氧化、还原、水解、结合化学反应,不同程度地被代谢,最以原形或代谢物的形式排出体外。由于肝细胞不断地从血液中吸取原料,难以避免遭受有毒物质或病毒、毒素和寄生虫的感染或损害,轻者丧失一定的功能,重者造成肝细胞坏死,最后发展成为肝硬化、肝癌及肝衰竭,甚至发生肝性脑病。
酒精、药物、病毒、放化疗等都会造成不同程度的肝细胞损伤。肝细胞损伤将严重的影响肝功能,因此当发生肝细胞损伤后要尽快进行肝损伤细胞的修复。
柴胡桂枝干姜汤出自医圣张仲景《伤寒论》,由柴胡、桂枝、干姜、栝楼根、黄芩、牡蛎、甘草组成,用于治疗伤寒少阳证、往来寒热,寒重热轻、神经官能症、胸胁满微结、小便不利、渴而不呕、但头汗出、心烦,牡疟寒多热少,或但寒不热。
申请号200810231003.0的中国专利公开了一种乙肝口服液,原料药由柴胡、青蒿、桔梗、姜半夏、通草、黄芩、虎杖、西洋参、黄芪、灵芝草和丹参组成。申请号201210229144.5的中国专利公开了一种用于治疗脂肪肝的中药,由以下药物制备而成:丹参、海藻、柴胡、决明子、虎杖、泽泻。
现有的中药制剂中对肝损伤的治疗效果并不明显,而且大多只能一种原因引起的肝损伤,对其它原因所引起的肝损伤并无疗效,为此我们需要一种能同时治疗多种原因所致肝损伤、并且疗效显著的药物。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的不足问题,本发明提供了一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂。本发明是通过如下方案实现的:
一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的药材制备而成,柴胡15~20份、桂枝6~10份、干姜5~8份、天花粉18~23份、煅牡蛎10~16份、炙甘草5~10份、黄芩5~10份、丹参12~16份、丝瓜络8~12份、茵陈10~16份、土茯苓12~17份、三七8~12份、大青叶6~10份、五味子8~16份、天麻1~5份。
优选地,所述用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂由以下重量份数的药材制备而成,柴胡16份、桂枝8份、干姜6份、天花粉20份、煅牡蛎12份、炙甘草6份、黄芩8份、丹参15份、丝瓜络10份、茵陈15份、土茯苓15份、三七10份、大青叶8份、五味子10份、天麻2份。
进一步地,所述用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂的剂型为汤剂、片剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂。
本发明所述肝损伤的为急、慢性肝炎引起的肝损伤,酒精性肝损伤,放化疗性肝损伤。
本发明还提供了用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂的制备方法,其制备过程如下:
a.按处方量取柴胡、桂枝、干姜、天花粉、煅牡蛎、三七、天麻进行粉碎,投入提取器中加入2~5倍水回流2h,放出提取液,再向药渣中加入2~5倍的水煎煮2~3次,提取液过滤,合并滤液,浓缩,浓缩物备用;
b.按处方量取丹参、丝瓜络、大青叶、五味子粉碎加入5~10氯仿提取,放出氯仿提取液,将氯仿提取液过滤后,浓缩回收氯仿,浓缩物浓缩至干,碾碎,于60℃真空干燥8h,备用;
c.土茯苓蒸馏提取,得挥发油;将水提取液放出,过滤,浓缩滤液备;向药渣中加入3~5倍乙醇加热回流提取2h,放出醇提液,浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩物备用;
d.将a、b、c步中的浓缩物和挥发油合并,混匀,加入药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明所用中药药性如下:
柴胡:为伞形科植物柴胡或是狭叶柴胡的干燥根,辛、苦,微寒。归肝、胆、肺经;具有疏散退热,疏肝解郁,升举阳气。用于感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,月经不调,子宫脱垂,脱肛。
黄芩:为唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根。苦、寒。归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经。具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎。用于湿温、暑湿,胸闷呕恶,湿热痞满,泻痢,黄疸,肺热咳嗽,高热烦渴,血热吐衄,痈肿疮毒。
干姜:为姜科植物姜的干燥根茎。辛,热。归肺、脾、胃、肾、心经。解表散寒,温中止呕,化痰止咳,解鱼蟹毒。用于风寒感冒,胃寒呕吐,寒痰咳嗽,鱼蟹中毒。
桂枝:性温、味辛、甘。发汗解肌、温通经络。适用于感冒风寒、寒性风湿痛、肩臂怕冷酸痛、虚寒性月经不通、胃腹冷痛及小便不爽利等症;又可应用于慢性咳嗽、咯吐大量白色稀薄的痰液、身体衰弱、胸部隐痛、心悸、手足经常不暖等症状。
天花粉:甘、微苦,微寒。归肺、胃经。清热泻火,生津止渴,消肿排脓。热病烦渴,肺热燥咳,内热消渴,疮疡肿毒。
煅牡蛎:收敛固涩,制酸止痛,重镇安神,软坚散结。滑脱诸证(自汗,盗汗,尿频,带下,崩漏,遗精等),胃痛泛酸,心神不安,失眠,肝阳上亢,头晕目眩等。加强敛汗固表的作用煅牡蛎可与黄芪,麻黄根,浮小麦相配伍。与防风,白术相配伍有固涩止汗,疏风解表的功效。
炙甘草:补气药。味甘,性平。能补脾益气,止咳祛痰,清热解毒,缓急定痛,调和药性。用于脾胃虚弱、中气不足、咳嗽气喘、痈疽疮毒、腹中挛急作痛等病症和缓和药物烈性、解药毒等。
丹参:性微寒,味苦。归心、肝经。活血化瘀药。活血调经、祛瘀止痛、养心安神。临床应用:月经不调,经闭痛经、产后瘀滞腹痛、神经衰弱、心烦不眠、冠心病心绞痛、肝脾肿大、痈肿丹毒。对于迁延性和慢性肝炎,血栓闭塞性脉管炎疗效明显。
丝瓜络:味甘,性凉。归肺、肝、胃经。体轻通利。通经活络,清热解毒,利尿消肿,止血。主治胸胁胀痛,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,女子经闭,乳汁不通,痰热咳嗽,热毒痈肿,痔漏,水肿,小便不利,便血,崩漏。
茵陈:苦、辛,微寒。归脾、胃、肝、胆经。清热利湿;退黄。主治:黄疸、小便不利、湿疮瘙痒、传染性黄疸型肝炎。
土茯苓:味甘、淡,性平。有解毒,除湿,通利关节之功效,主要用于梅毒及汞中毒所致的肢体拘挛,筋骨疼痛;湿热淋浊,带下,痈肿,瘰疬,疥癣。
三七:止血药。性温,味甘、微苦。散瘀止血、消肿定痛。用于咯血、吐血、衄血、便血、崩漏、外伤出血、胸腹瘀血刺痛、跌扑肿痛及痈肿;打碎油炸后碾粉(熟三七粉),能补血和血,用于失血、贫血。
大青叶:清热解毒药。性寒,味苦。清热解毒,凉血消斑。用于温病高热、神昏、发斑发疹等。
五味子:性温,味酸、甘。收敛药,能收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘、梦遗滑精、遗尿尿频、自汗盗汗、肝炎、津伤口渴、内热消渴、心悸失眠
天麻:性平,味甘,平肝息风止痉。
本发明选用纯中药材为原料,按传统中医药学结合现代药理学、药效学进行配伍,疗效显著,不良反应少,能快速修复受损伤的肝细胞,使肝脏恢复功能,标本兼治,适用于急、慢性肝炎引起的肝损伤,酒精性肝损伤,放化疗肝损伤。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1:一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,由以下中药材组成:柴胡15份、桂枝6份、干姜5份、天花粉18份、煅牡蛎10份、炙甘草5份、黄芩5份、丹参12份、丝瓜络8份、茵陈10份、土茯苓12份、三七8份、大青叶6份、五味子8份、天麻1份。
用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a.按处方量取柴胡15kg、桂枝6kg、干姜5kg、天花粉18kg、煅牡蛎10kg、三七8kg、天麻1kg进行粉碎,投入提取器中加入126kg水回流2h,放出提取液,再向药渣中加入126kg水煎煮2次,提取液过滤,合并滤液,浓缩,浓缩物备用;
b.按处方量取丹参12kg、丝瓜络8kg、大青叶6kg、五味子8kg粉碎加入170kg氯仿提取,放出氯仿提取液,将氯仿提取液过滤后,浓缩回收氯仿,浓缩物浓缩至干,碾碎,于60℃真空干燥8h,备用;
c.取土茯苓12kg蒸馏提取,得挥发油、将水提取液放出,过滤,浓缩滤液备;向药渣中加入36kg乙醇加热回流提取2h,放出醇提液,浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩物备用;
d.将a、b、c步中的浓缩物和挥发油合并,混匀,加入糊精制成颗粒剂。
实施例2:一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,由以下中药材组成:柴胡20份、桂枝10份、干姜8份、天花粉23份、煅牡蛎16份、炙甘草10份、黄芩10份、丹参16份、丝瓜络12份、茵陈16份、土茯苓17份、三七12份、大青叶10份、五味子16份、天麻5份。
用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a.按处方量取柴胡20kg、桂枝10kg、干姜8kg、天花粉23kg、煅牡蛎16kg、三七12kg、天麻5kg进行粉碎,投入提取器中加入470kg水回流2h,放出提取液,再向药渣中加入470kg水煎煮2次,提取液过滤,合并滤液,浓缩,浓缩物备用;
b.按处方量取丹参16kg、丝瓜络12kg、大青叶10kg、五味子16kg粉碎加入540kg氯仿提取,放出氯仿提取液,将氯仿提取液过滤后,浓缩回收氯仿,浓缩物浓缩至干,碾碎,于60℃真空干燥8h,备用;
c.取土茯苓17kg蒸馏提取,得挥发油、将水提取液放出,过滤,浓缩滤液备;向药渣中加入85kg乙醇加热回流提取2h,放出醇提液,浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩物备用;
d.将a、b、c步中的浓缩物和挥发油合并,混匀,加入蔗糖和淀粉抽成片剂。
实施例3:一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,由以下中药材组成:柴胡16份、桂枝8份、干姜6份、天花粉20份、煅牡蛎12份、炙甘草6份、黄芩8份、丹参15份、丝瓜络10份、茵陈15份、土茯苓15份、三七10份、大青叶8份、五味子10份、天麻2份。
用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a.按处方量取柴胡16kg、桂枝8kg、干姜6kg、天花粉20kg、煅牡蛎12kg、三七10kg、天麻2kg进行粉碎,投入提取器中加入222kg水回流2h,放出提取液,再向药渣中加入222kg水煎煮2次,提取液过滤,合并滤液,浓缩,浓缩物备用;
b.按处方量取丹参15kg、丝瓜络10kg、大青叶8kg、五味子10kg粉碎加入258kg氯仿提取,放出氯仿提取液,将氯仿提取液过滤后,浓缩回收氯仿,浓缩物浓缩至干,碾碎,于60℃真空干燥8h,备用;
c.取土茯苓15kg蒸馏提取,得挥发油、将水提取液放出,过滤,浓缩滤液备;向药渣中加入60kg乙醇加热回流提取2h,放出醇提液,浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩物备用;
d.将a、b、c步中的浓缩物和挥发油合并,混匀,加入聚乙二醇400制成胶囊剂。
以上实施例是对本发明的解释说明,并不是对本发明的限制,任何根据本发明的启发所做出的修改、替换均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明的治疗效果:本发明选择了确诊的有肝损伤的患者200名,连续服用本发明中药制剂后,进行肝功能指标检测,进行疗效判定。
(1)治愈:患者临床症状全部消失,肝功能恢复正常,经检查身体各项指标恢复正常。
(2)显效:患者临床症状大部分消失,经检查身体各项指标均向正常值靠近。
(3)有效:患者临床症状略有好,经检查身体各项指标均向正常值靠近。
(4)无效:通过治疗后临床症状无明显变化。
结果显示,治愈139例,显效40例,有效19例,无效2例,治愈率69.5%,总有效率99.0%。
活性研究
研究1:四氯化碳致大鼠肝纤维化模型
方法:SD大鼠,采用四氯化碳造成肝损伤模型(肝纤维化),每周注射四氯化碳0.8ml/kg二次,连续八周,给予四氯化碳的同时,分别口服给予实施例3中药复方和《伤寒论》中的柴胡桂枝干姜汤的提取物,均为200mg/kg;模型组仅注射四氯化碳并给予等量生理盐水,正常组不注射四氯化碳给予等量生理盐水。
柴胡桂枝干姜汤的具体组成为:柴胡16份、桂枝8份、干姜6份、瓜蒌根20份、煅牡蛎12份、炙甘草6份和黄芩8份。制备方法为将相应重量份的各味中药将入2倍量和1倍量的水回流提取1小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸发至浸膏,真空干燥即得。
检测指标:
常规方法检测血清中ALT、AST、TBIL和TNF-a的含量;Oneway-ANOVA检验,具体结果如下:
##表明与正常组相比P<0.01;**表明与模型组相比P<0.01;^^表明与柴胡桂枝干姜汤相比P<0.01
采用ELISA方法检测血清中HA含量;
HA(ug/L) | |
正常组 | 30.6±5.8 |
模型组 | 84.1±12.1## |
实施例3 | 36.9±6.9**^^ |
柴胡桂枝干姜汤 | 69.5±10.4** |
##表明与正常组相比P<0.01;**表明与模型组相比P<0.01;^^表明与柴胡桂枝干姜汤相比P<0.01
试验前后大鼠体重变化:
试验前(g) | 试验后(g) | |
正常组 | 233.4±12.7 | 349.1±19.4 |
模型组 | 238.5±12.1 | 217.6±20.5## |
实施例3 | 230.9±11.6 | 317.4±21.8**^^ |
柴胡桂枝干姜汤 | 236.5±12.8 | 264.3±18.7** |
##表明与正常组相比P<0.01;**表明与模型组相比P<0.01;^^表明与柴胡桂枝干姜汤相比P<0.01
碱水解法检测大鼠肝组织Hyp含量
Hyp(ug/g) | |
正常组 | 139.2±14.6 |
模型组 | 384.9±38.2## |
实施例3 | 173.7±16.2**^^ |
柴胡桂枝干姜汤 | 288.1±24.3** |
从上述试验可以看出,本发明复方在肝纤维化损伤大鼠模型中,对肝功能指标以及炎症指标均表现出了明显的生物活性,并且本发明复方的活性明显优于柴胡桂枝干姜汤,需要指出的是这种区别是存在统计学差异的。
研究2:原代大鼠肝脏星状细胞(HSC)培养
方法:戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠,全身肝素化,U形开腹后门静脉穿刺,无钙灌流液灌流至肝脏发白。然后以1%链酶蛋白酶和0.5%胶原酶的消化液灌流使肝脏转黄色、液化。切断肝脏与周围组织的联系,剪断下腔静脉,在三角瓶中剪碎,0.5%胶原酶消化液消化30min,过200目筛,500rpm离心5min,弃上清液,用D-hank液清洗离心二次,合并沉淀于15ml离心管内,用2倍体积的18%的Nycodenz混匀,上覆少许DMEM培养液,进行密度梯度离心。离心结束后取界面处细胞,用DMEM培养液清洗二次。用10%FBS/DMEM培养液混悬,将细胞以1×104个/ml接种于96孔板中,每孔200ul,置孵箱常规条件培养。培养3天后,加入含有本发明实施例3的药物组合物或柴胡桂枝干姜汤的DMEM培养液,药物终浓度均为100mg/L和400mg/L;正常组给予等量的培养液,每组5个复孔,培养24h后,MTT检测各组细胞活性,计算抑制率=(正常组OD值-药物组OD值)/正常组OD值×100%结果如下:
**表示与同剂量柴胡桂枝干姜汤相比,P<0.01
在进行MTT检测的同时,取各组细胞培养液,通过ELISA方法检测培养液中HA和LN的含量,具体结果如下:
**表示与正常组相比,P<0.01;^^表示与同剂量柴胡桂枝干姜汤相比,P<0.01
上述结果表明,本发明实施例3的中药组合物可以明显抑制HSC增殖,在慢性肝纤维化中,HSC分泌的ECM起着非常重要作用,ECM表达增加会导致肝脏胶原沉积和纤维化,而HSC在肝损伤部位移行和增殖在肝脏纤维性瘢痕形成中起着重要作用。另外,HA和LN是ECM的重要组成成分,从ELISA检测也证实实施例3组合物可以抑制肝脏中ECM的过分增殖,并且效果明显优于柴胡桂枝干姜汤组。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的药材制备而成,柴胡16份、 桂枝8份、干姜6份、天花粉20份、煅牡蛎12份、炙甘草6份、黄芩8份、丹参15份、丝瓜络10份、茵陈15份、土茯苓15份、三七10份、大青叶8份、五味子10份、天麻2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:a:按处方量取柴胡、桂枝、干姜、天花粉、煅牡蛎、三七、天麻进行粉碎,投入提取器中加入2~5倍水回流2h,放出提取液,再向药渣中加入2~5倍的水煎煮2~3次,提取液过滤,合并滤液,浓缩,浓缩物备用;
b:按处方量取丹参、丝瓜络、大青叶、五味子粉碎加入5~10倍氯仿提取,放出氯仿提取液,将氯仿提取液过滤后,浓缩回收氯仿,浓缩物浓缩至干,碾碎,于60℃真空干燥8h,备用;
c:土茯苓蒸馏提取, 得挥发油;将水提取液放出,过滤,浓缩滤液备用;向药渣中加入3~5倍乙醇加热回流提取2h,放出醇提液,浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩物备用;d:将a、b、c步中的浓缩物和挥发油合并,混匀,加入药学上可接受的辅料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药的剂型为汤剂、片剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于修复肝损伤的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述肝损伤为急、慢性肝炎引起的肝损伤,酒精性肝损伤,放化疗性肝损伤。
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