CN110468412A - 一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110468412A
CN110468412A CN201910784280.2A CN201910784280A CN110468412A CN 110468412 A CN110468412 A CN 110468412A CN 201910784280 A CN201910784280 A CN 201910784280A CN 110468412 A CN110468412 A CN 110468412A
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hard alloy
coating
alloy coated
coated blade
layers
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黄文亮
邓剑
聂国红
黄前葆
陈林
邹勇
王武
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Hunan Moore Cemented Carbide Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法，硬质合金涂层刀片，包括硬质合金基体和涂层，所述涂层包括由内到外的下述各层：采用CVD方式沉积的1‑15微米厚的柱状晶TiCN层；和采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积的1‑4微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.5≦X/Y<1.3，X+Y＝1。基于本发明的硬质合金涂层刀片在涂层与基体的结合力、刃口强度、耐磨性、红硬性方面都很出色，适合用于不锈钢的加工，提高了刀片的寿命。

Description

一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种切削刀片，尤其涉及一种用于不锈钢加工的硬质合金刀片及制备方法。
背景技术
不锈钢的加工对硬质合金涂层刀片有着特别的要求：由于不锈钢非常粘刀，因此需要基体和涂层有出色的结合力，还需要刀片具有较为锋利的刃口；由于切削温度比较高，需要基体有很好的红硬性；由于加工硬化的表皮导致刀片容易出现边界破损而崩缺，又需要刀片有很高的刃口强度和耐磨性。这些需求往往又是相互矛盾的，例如锋利的刃口会导致强度的下降；提高基体的强度，往往会降低红硬性和耐磨性。
专利CN101200797B描述了一种用于不锈钢加工的PVD涂层：TiN/(TixAl1-x)N/(TiyAl1-y)N/(TixAl1-x)N为调制周期的纳米多层涂层。涂覆该涂层的刀片具有良好的刃口强度，但是刀片红硬性和耐磨性不足，导致刀片寿命短。
专利CN1883854A描述了一种用于不锈钢的切削刀片，基体成分：5-8wt％的Co，3.0-8.0wt％的Ti、Ta、Nb的立方碳化物和平衡量的WC。涂层结构：内层为一层和多层的TiCxNyOz，X+Y+Z≦1，厚度0.7-5.5微米；外层为5-31层交替的κ-Al2O3和TiN涂层，厚度为1-5微米。该刀片具有很好的红硬性和耐磨性，但是刃口强度不足，导致刀片寿命短。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷，提供一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法，提高刀片的寿命。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：
一种硬质合金涂层刀片，包括硬质合金基体和涂层，所述涂层包括由内到外的下述各层：
采用CVD方式沉积的1-15微米厚的柱状晶TiCN层；和
采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积的1-4微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.5≦X/Y<1.3，X+Y＝1。
进一步的，所述涂层还包括位于TiCN层内侧的采用CVD方式涂覆的0.3-1微米厚的TiN层。
进一步的，在TiXAlYN层外有采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积的1-2微米厚的TiXAlYSiZN层，其中0.5<X<0.7，0.2<Y<0.45，0.04<Z<0.08。
进一步的，所述TiCN层厚度2-9微米。
进一步的，硬质合金基体的成分为5-11wt％Co、0.2-3wt％碳化物和86-94.8wt％平衡量WC，所述碳化物包括TaC、NbC或Cr3C2中的一种或两种以上。
进一步的，TaC或NbC的含量为0-1.8wt％，Cr3C2含量为0-1.1wt％。
进一步的，TaC或NbC的含量为0.2-1.2wt％，Cr3C2含量为0.2-0.8wt％。
所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
采用CVD方式在800-900℃的温度下沉积TiCN层；
采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式在400-600℃的温度下在TiCN层上沉积TiXAlYN层。
进一步的，采用CVD方式在900-1000℃的温度下在基体上涂覆TiN层，然后在TiN层上沉积TiCN层。
进一步的，采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式在400-600℃的温度下在TiXAlYN层上沉积TiXAlYSiZN层。
本法明发现含有少量的固溶体(TaC、NbC、Cr3C2)的硬质合金，3kg载荷下的维氏硬度为1500-1620HV3，优选1520-1600HV3，具有合适的强度、耐磨性和红硬性，适合作为不锈钢加工用的涂层刀片的基体。
本发明发现采用CVD(化学气相沉积)的方式涂覆厚而耐磨的涂层可以提高耐磨性并通过更好的隔热来适应高的加工温度，但是长时间在高温下涂层会对基体造成损伤，降低的刃口强度和涂层结合力。因此，本发明采用CVD的方式在中温下、涂覆薄的TiN涂层，涂层和基体有很好的涂层结合力，温度对基体的损伤也很小。再在中温条件下涂覆一层厚的柱状晶TiCN涂层，增强耐磨性。
再采用PVD(物理气相沉积)的方式涂覆一层TiXAlYN涂层，由于CVD涂层的应力状态为拉应力，而PVD涂层的应力状态为压应力，这两者的结合，改善了涂层的应力状态，涂层的强度和耐磨性都会提高。若再涂覆一层高硬度的TiXAlYSiZN可以进一步提高耐磨性。虽然PVD涂层可以提高刃口强度和耐磨性，但是PVD涂层太厚会导致涂层与基体结合力差，太薄的PVD涂层又耐磨性不够难以适应高的切削温度，所以需控制在一定厚度内。
基于本发明的硬质合金涂层刀片在涂层与基体的结合力、刃口强度、耐磨性、红硬性方面都很出色，适合用于不锈钢的加工，提高了刀片的寿命。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1刀片A
基于本发明的硬质合金涂层刀片，其基体的成分为10wt％Co；TaC的含量为0.2wt％，Cr3C2含量为0.5wt％，89.3wt％平衡量WC；硬质合金基体3kg载荷下的维氏硬度1530HV3。
涂层的第一层为采用CVD方式，在915℃涂覆的0.3微米厚的TiN；第二层为采用CVD方式，乙腈作为碳、氮源的在880℃沉积的7微米厚的柱状晶的TiCN；第三层为采用磁控溅射方式沉积的1.5微米厚的TiXAlYN，0.6<X/Y<0.75，X+Y＝1；第四层为采用磁控溅射方式沉积的1.4微米厚的TiXAlYSiZN，0.6<X<0.7，0.3<Y<0.35，0.05<Z<0.07。
工艺参数如表1和表2：
表1
N<sub>2</sub> TiCl 乙腈 H<sub>2</sub> 温度 压力 时间
TiN 31％ 1.4％ 余量 915℃ 160mbar 45分钟
TiCN 16％ 2.5％ 0.7％ 余量 880℃ 90mbar 180分钟
表2
Ar Kr N<sub>2</sub> 靶功率 温度 压力 时间
Ti<sub>X</sub>Al<sub>Y</sub>N 320ml/min 225ml/min 程序控制 14000W 550℃ 580mPa 120min
Ti<sub>X</sub>Al<sub>Y</sub>Si<sub>Z</sub>N 320ml/min 225ml/min 程序控制 9000W 550℃ 580mPa 140min
实施例2刀片B
基于本发明的硬质合金涂层刀片，其基体的成分为7.5wt％Co；TaC的含量为0.8wt％，91.7wt％平衡量WC；硬质合金基体3kg载荷下的维氏硬度1580HV3。
涂层的第一层为采用CVD方式，乙腈作为碳、氮源的在880℃沉积的7微米厚的柱状晶的TiCN；第二层为采用多弧离子镀方式沉积的3.5微米厚的TiXAlYN，0.5≦X/Y<0.55，X+Y＝1。
工艺参数如表3和表4：
表3
N<sub>2</sub> TiCl 乙腈 H<sub>2</sub> 温度 压力 时间
TiCN 16％ 2.5％ 0.7％ 余量 880℃ 90mbar 180分钟
表4
N<sub>2</sub>流量 靶电流 温度 压力 时间
Ti<sub>X</sub>Al<sub>Y</sub>N 程序控制 400A 450℃ 3.5Pa 220min
对比例1刀片C
该对比例的硬质合金涂层刀片，其基体的成分为10wt％Co；TaC的含量为0.5wt％，Cr3C2含量为0.5wt％，89wt％平衡量WC；硬质合金基体3Kg载荷下的维氏硬度1650Hv3。
涂层为采用PVD方式沉积的3.9微米厚的TiXAlYN，0.5≦X/Y<0.55。
对比例2刀片D
该对比例的硬质合金涂层刀片，其基体的成分为7.5wt％Co；TiC的含量为2wt％，TaC的含量为2.5wt％，NbC的含量为0.3wt％，87.7wt％平衡量WC；硬质合金基体3Kg载荷下的维氏硬度1490Hv3，基体表层有10-20微米的没有立方相的富钴层。
涂层的第一层为采用CVD方式，在900-1000℃涂覆的0.3微米厚的TiN；第二层为采用CVD方式，乙腈作为氮源的在800-900℃沉积的6.5微米厚的柱状晶的TiCN；第三层为采用CVD方式在1000-1100℃沉积的1.8微米厚的α-Al2O3。
切削实验1
用实施例1、2和对比例1、2的刀片加工直径为165mm的法兰，工件材料为304不锈钢。切削参数：线速度V＝155m/min，进给F＝0.15mm/r，切深Ap＝0.1mm。切削参数小，工况稳定，主要检验刀片的耐磨性。
用加工的件数来表征刀片的寿命。
刀片失效主要是磨损和轻微的边界破损，没有崩刃和明显的苏醒变形。由此，可以说明刀片A和B的耐磨性优于刀片C和D。
切削实验2
用实施例1、2和对比例1、2的刀片加工直径为670mm的带螺栓孔的法兰端面，工件材料为304不锈钢。切削参数：线速度V＝147m/min，进给F＝0.2mm/r，切深Ap＝3mm。切削参数较大，带有一定的冲击，需要刀片具有良好的刃口强度、和红硬性。
刀片失效主要是刀尖的塑性变形和崩缺。由此，可以说明刀片A和B的刃口强度、红硬性优于刀片C和D。
上述只是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种硬质合金涂层刀片，包括硬质合金基体和涂层，其特征在于，所述涂层包括由内到外的下述各层：
采用CVD方式沉积的1-15微米厚的柱状晶TiCN层；和
采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积的1-4微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.5≦X/Y<1.3，X+Y＝1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，所述涂层还包括位于TiCN层内侧的采用CVD方式涂覆的0.3-1微米厚的TiN层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，在TiXAlYN层外有采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积的1-2微米厚的TiXAlYSiZN层，其中0.5<X<0.7，0.2<Y<0.45，0.04<Z<0.08。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，所述TiCN层厚度2-9微米。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，硬质合金基体的成分为5-11wt％Co、0.2-3wt％碳化物和86-94.8wt％平衡量WC，所述碳化物包括TaC、NbC或Cr3C2中的一种或两种以上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，TaC或NbC的含量为0-1.8wt％，Cr3C2含量为0-1.1wt％。
7.根据权利要求6所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，TaC或NbC的含量为0.2-1.2wt％，Cr3C2含量为0.2-0.8wt％。
8.一种权利要求1～7任一项所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：
采用CVD方式在800-900℃的温度下沉积TiCN层；
采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式在400-600℃的温度下在TiCN层上沉积TiXAlYN层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，其特征在于，采用CVD方式在900-1000℃的温度下在基体上涂覆TiN层，然后在TiN层上沉积TiCN层。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，其特征在于，采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式在400-600℃的温度下在TiXAlYN层上沉积TiXAlYSiZN层。
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