CN111826655A - 一种硬质合金涂层刀片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硬质合金涂层刀片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111826655A
CN111826655A CN202010702117.XA CN202010702117A CN111826655A CN 111826655 A CN111826655 A CN 111826655A CN 202010702117 A CN202010702117 A CN 202010702117A CN 111826655 A CN111826655 A CN 111826655A
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tin
hard alloy
carbide
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叶惠明
叶少良
诸优明
叶戈
蔡家敏
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Guangdong Zhengxin Hard Material Technology Research And Development Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硬质合金涂层刀片，包括硬质合金基本和设在该硬质合金基体上的涂层，其特征在于，所述涂层从内到外依次包括内层、中间层和外层；所述内层通过CVD化学气相沉积工艺，以TiN为材料沉积生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层；所述过渡层为在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的1‑3微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1；所述外层为在过渡层上电镀形成的氧化物层。本发明增加了耐磨性，能够适应较高的切削温度。

Description

一种硬质合金涂层刀片及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于硬质合金技术领域，具体地说是一种硬质合金涂层刀片及其制备方法。
背景技术
涂层刀具刀片广泛应用于汽车、航空、微电子等各种行业的机械加工，加工材料包括普通的钢铁、铜、铝等金属材料，以及各种合金、陶瓷或复合材料。在机械加工过程中，涂层刀具存在两种失效制度：磨损、破损。刀具磨损主要是磨蚀磨损、粘结磨损、扩散磨损、氧化磨损。在不同的切削条件下，加工不同材料的工件时，其主要磨损原因可能是其中一种或两种，总的来说切削温度较低时以磨蚀磨损为主，切削温度较高时以扩散磨损、氧化磨损为主。
现在普遍采用在刀具表面涂敷高硬度、耐磨的碳化物层、氮化物层、碳氮化物层和氧化物涂层，来增强刀具的耐磨性能，延长刀具刀片的使用寿命。如TiN、TiC、TiCN、CrN能够降低刀具的磨蚀磨损、粘结磨损、扩散磨损，增加刀具的耐用度；在刀具表面涂敷高硬度的Al2O3涂层，可以有效地保护刀具避免氧化磨损。然而，目前的此类型的刀具，通过后续外涂层，在加工时涂层容易脱落，从而难以起到有效的长久使用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种硬质合金涂层刀片及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种硬质合金涂层刀片，包括硬质合金基本和设在该硬质合金基体上的涂层，所述涂层从内到外依次包括内层、中间层和外层；
所述内层通过CVD化学气相沉积工艺，以TiN为材料沉积生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层；
所述过渡层为在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的1-3微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1；
所述外层为在过渡层上电镀形成的氧化物层。
所述内层中的TiN层的层晶粒为等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度≤0.5μm，厚度为0.1-1微米。
所述TiCN层的厚度为1-5微米，为针状晶粒或等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度≤0.5μm。
所述外层为铝的氧化物、钛的氧化物、铪的氧化物和锆的氧化物中的至少一种构成。
所述硬质合金基体包括按照重量份数计的原材料：碳化钽1-3份，碳化铬0.5-2份，碳化铌0.5-1份，钴6-10份，其余为超细碳化钨。
一种所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
通过CVD工艺在硬质合金基体上生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层；
在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的1-3微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1；
在过渡层上电镀形成氧化物层；
对制得的硬质涂层刀片进行抛光处理。
所述硬质合金基体按照以下步骤制备得到：
按照设定比例，将碳化钽，碳化铬，碳化铌，钴，超细碳化钨混合置于球磨机中，添加无水酒精及白石蜡进行混合磨细磨匀；
干燥制粒，得到混合颗粒物料；
压制成型；
烧结，冷却得到硬质合金基体。
本发明采用CVD的方式在中温下、涂覆薄的TiN涂层，涂层和基体有很好的涂层结合力，温度对基体的损伤也很小。再在中温条件下涂覆一层厚的柱状晶TiCN涂层，增强耐磨性。再通过过渡层和外层的结合，有效提升了整体的耐磨性，能够适应较高的切削温度。
附图说明
附图1为本发明涂层的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的特征、技术手段以及所达到的具体目的、功能，下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例一
如附图1所示，一种所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
通过CVD工艺在硬质合金基体1上生成TiN层21，再在该TiN层21上沉积生成TiCN层22，TiN层21和TiCN22层共同构成内层2。
在内层2上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的1微米厚的TiXAlYN层作为过渡层3，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1。
在过渡层3上电镀形成氧化物层作为外层4。
对制得的硬质涂层刀片进行抛光处理。
所述内层中的TiN层的层晶粒为等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度为0.5μm，厚度为0.1微米。所述TiCN层的厚度为2微米，为针状晶粒或等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度为0.5μm。所述外层为铝的氧化物构成。
所述硬质合金基体按照以下步骤制备得到：
按照设定比例，将碳化钽1份，碳化铬0.5份，碳化铌0.5份，钴6份，其余为超细碳化钨，混合置于球磨机中，添加无水酒精及白石蜡进行混合磨细磨匀。
干燥制粒，得到混合颗粒物料。
压制成型。
烧结，冷却得到硬质合金基体。
实施例二
一种所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
通过CVD工艺在硬质合金基体上生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层。
在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的2微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1。
在过渡层上电镀形成氧化物层。
对制得的硬质涂层刀片进行抛光处理。
所述内层中的TiN层的层晶粒为等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度为0.4μm，厚度为0.4微米。所述TiCN层的厚度为3微米，为针状晶粒或等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度为0.4μm。所述外层为钛的氧化物构成。
所述硬质合金基体按照以下步骤制备得到：
按照设定比例，将碳化钽2份，碳化铬1份，碳化铌0.8份，钴8份，其余为超细碳化钨，混合置于球磨机中，添加无水酒精及白石蜡进行混合磨细磨匀。
干燥制粒，得到混合颗粒物料；
压制成型。
烧结，冷却得到硬质合金基体。
实施例三
一种所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
通过CVD工艺在硬质合金基体上生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层。
在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的3微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1。
在过渡层上电镀形成氧化物层。
对制得的硬质涂层刀片进行抛光处理。
所述内层中的TiN层的层晶粒为等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度为0.3μm，厚度为1微米。所述TiCN层的厚度为5微米，为针状晶粒或等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度为0.3μm。所述外层为铪的氧化物构成。
所述硬质合金基体按照以下步骤制备得到：
按照设定比例，将碳化钽3份，碳化铬2份，碳化铌1份，钴10份，其余为超细碳化钨，混合置于球磨机中，添加无水酒精及白石蜡进行混合磨细磨匀。
干燥制粒，得到混合颗粒物料；
压制成型。
烧结，冷却得到硬质合金基体。
需要说明的是，以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但是凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种硬质合金涂层刀片，包括硬质合金基本和设在该硬质合金基体上的涂层，其特征在于，所述涂层从内到外依次包括内层、中间层和外层；
所述内层通过CVD化学气相沉积工艺，以TiN为材料沉积生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层；
所述过渡层为在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的1-3微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1；
所述外层为在过渡层上电镀形成的氧化物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，所述内层中的TiN层的层晶粒为等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度≤0.5μm，厚度为0.1-1微米。
3.根据权利要求2所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，所述TiCN层的厚度为1-5微米，为针状晶粒或等轴晶粒，平均晶粒度≤0.5μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，所述外层为铝的氧化物、钛的氧化物、铪的氧化物和锆的氧化物中的至少一种构成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的硬质合金涂层刀片，其特征在于，所述硬质合金基体包括按照重量份数计的原材料：碳化钽1-3份，碳化铬0.5-2份，碳化铌0.5-1份，钴6-10份，其余为超细碳化钨。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
通过CVD工艺在硬质合金基体上生成TiN层，再在该TiN层上沉积生成TiCN层，TiN层和TiCN层共同构成内层；
在内层上采用磁控溅射或者多弧离子镀方式沉积生成的1-3微米厚的TiXAlYN层，其中0.4≦X/Y<1.2，X+Y＝1；
在过渡层上电镀形成氧化物层；
对制得的硬质涂层刀片进行抛光处理。
7.根据权利要求6所述的硬质合金涂层刀片的制备方法，其特征在于，所述硬质合金基体按照以下步骤制备得到：
按照设定比例，将碳化钽，碳化铬，碳化铌，钴，超细碳化钨混合置于球磨机中，添加无水酒精及白石蜡进行混合磨细磨匀；
干燥制粒，得到混合颗粒物料；
压制成型；
烧结，冷却得到硬质合金基体。
CN202010702117.XA 2020-07-21 2020-07-21 一种硬质合金涂层刀片及其制备方法 Pending CN111826655A (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103171178A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 一种改善涂层结构的切削刀具及其制备方法
CN110468412A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-19 湖南摩尔硬质合金有限公司 一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103171178A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 一种改善涂层结构的切削刀具及其制备方法
CN110468412A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-19 湖南摩尔硬质合金有限公司 一种硬质合金涂层刀片及制备方法

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Application publication date: 20201027