CN110467489A - A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss - Google Patents

A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110467489A
CN110467489A CN201910869222.XA CN201910869222A CN110467489A CN 110467489 A CN110467489 A CN 110467489A CN 201910869222 A CN201910869222 A CN 201910869222A CN 110467489 A CN110467489 A CN 110467489A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
compost
pig
nitrogen loss
temperature control
storage pit
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Pending
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CN201910869222.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李太魁
寇长林
王树伟
王慧芳
郭战玲
王小非
吕金岭
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Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environmentof of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environmentof of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Application filed by Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environmentof of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences filed Critical Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environmentof of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority to CN201910869222.XA priority Critical patent/CN110467489A/en
Publication of CN110467489A publication Critical patent/CN110467489A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, comprising the following steps: addressing, the addition and sealing of compost, chemical substance.The method of pig-breeding reduction compost nitrogen loss, storage pit is dried by using plant ash, it avoids causing nitrogen loss to aggravate since storage pit is moist, decomposition and regulating and controlling effect by crop grain to organic matter in pig manure and humus, nitrogen loss is reduced, and has achieved the effect that waste utilization, cost is relatively low, there is porosity by the material of adsorbent or be rich in humus, can be good at sticking NH4 +, reduce NH3 formation or directly adsorb NH3, to reduce Ammonia valatilization loss, has the advantages of 80-95% for effectively preventing nitrogen loss up to total amount, the present invention can reduce nitrogen loss in composting process, shorten composting cycle, compost fertilizer efficiency is improved, composting production can be used for the cereal crops such as various wheats, rice and various vegetables, the base manure of melon and fruit or top dressing.

Description

A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss
Technical field
The present invention relates to pig-breeding technical field, specially a kind of method of pig-breeding reduction compost nitrogen loss.
Background technique
In recent years, the intensive industrialized piggery of China big and medium-sized cities have developed rapidly, and pig manure yield is consequently increased.Due to pig Containing many volatile materials, pathogenic microorganism, parasitic ovum, antibiotic and heavy metal etc. in excrement, pig manure, which has become, to be caused The harmless treatment of one of the main reason for China's environmental pollution, pig manure are imperative, in addition, also rich in pig manure Various trace elements needed for a great number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and plant, the content of organic matter are up to 60%~75%, pig manure Land use is a kind of generally acknowledged low cost and the processing treatment approach that can make full use of pig manure nutrients resource after Composting treatment.
Live pig can generate more excrement during cultivation, these night soil treatments can prepare biogas and organic fertilizer Material, but live pig excrement can generate certain nitrogen loss during compost, during live pig excrement composting the conversion of nitrogen and Loss related mechanism specifically includes that ammoniation, nitrification, denitrification and the effect of bio-absorbable fixing.
Microorganism decomposes organic nitrogen compound by ammoniation and generates ammonia in composting process, and ammonia is dissolved in heap body material shape At ammonium nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen is by ammonification, nitrification and denitrifying microorganism in heap temperature, pH value, aeration condition and composting material The influence of the factors such as activity can not only be used for the nitrogen source of cell growth for microbial assimilation, and can be transformed into nitre by nitrifying microorganisms State nitrogen can also occur denitrification denitrogenation loss or be lost in the form of Ammonia valatilization.
Not only there is high temperature, the loss of high PH bring Ammonia valatilization in composting process, but also have the anti-nitre of nitrate nitrogen under anaerobic condition Change Nitrogen Leaching caused by denitrogenation and percolate or rainwater to lose, therefore, the nitrogen loss of livestock excrement composting process can not be kept away Exempt from, wherein nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization is nitrogen loss during livestock excrement composting up to the 44%~99% of total amount Main path.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, have The advantages of reducing compost nitrogen loss, solves the problems, such as the more serious using effect for influencing compost of existing compost nitrogen loss.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of pig-breeding reduces the side of compost nitrogen loss Method, comprising the following steps:
1) addressing:
The soil of selection more flat dry dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and is storing Storage pit is dried in the plant ash of cellar one layer of 1-5mm of laid inside, spare.
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 200-300mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of crops on excrement Stalk particle then proceedes to compost 200-300mm, spare and so on up to the 90-95% of compost to storage pit depth.
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in compost Upper surface sprinkle one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 2-5mm, it is spare.
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, and install Temperature control device detects the temperature inside storage pit, and the temperature control section of temperature control device is 40-60 DEG C, and the pig manure decomposed time is 60-80 It, completes.
Preferably, the agricultural crop straw particle in the step 2) can be used soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and The particle of rice straw preparation, granular size are controlled in diameter 2-5mm.
Preferably, agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 5-10mm in the step 2).
Preferably, the adsorbent in the step 3) uses natural materials, using turf, zeolite, sawdust and crops straw The compounding substances of stalk, laying depth 3-8mm.
Preferably, the temperature control sensor in the step 4) is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made pottery by metal oxide Porcelain composition.
Preferably, the temperature control device in the step 4) by air-heater and air-cooler unit equipment.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, have following The utility model has the advantages that
1, the method that the pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, is dried storage pit by using plant ash and puts Set storage pit causes nitrogen discharge to aggravate because of humidity, the decomposition by crop grain to organic matter in pig manure and humus There is regulating and controlling effect, reduce nitrogen discharge, and achieved the effect that waste utilization, cost is relatively low, has by the material of adsorbent more Permeability is rich in humus, can be good at sticking NH4 +, reduce NH3Formation or directly adsorb NH3, waved to reduce ammonia Hair loss has the advantages of 80-95% for effectively preventing nitrogen loss up to total amount.
2, the method that the pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss changes nitrogen by the chemical reaction of alum and compost and exists Form quickly reduces nitrogen loss, is layered by multilayer agricultural crop straw particle to compost, reduces connecing for compost and oxygen Touching reduces nitrogen discharge, by seeing that row temperature control is adjusted to storage pit inside, reduces the activity of nitrogen inside compost, reduces nitrogen stream It loses.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched It states, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the present invention In embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, comprising the following steps:
1) addressing:
The soil of selection more flat dry dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and is storing Storage pit is dried in the plant ash of cellar one layer of 1mm of laid inside, spare.
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 200mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of agricultural crop straw on excrement Particle prepared by soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and rice straw, particle can be used in particle, agricultural crop straw particle In diameter 2mm, agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 5mm for size control, then proceedes to compost 200mm, and so on until Compost is spare to the 90% of storage pit depth.
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, adsorbent uses natural materials, using turf, zeolite, sawdust With the compounding substances of agricultural crop straw, laying depth 3mm, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in compost Upper surface sprinkles one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 2mm, it is spare.
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, temperature control passes Sensor is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made of metal oxide ceramic, and is installed inside temperature control device detection storage pit Temperature, for temperature control device by the unit equipment of air-heater and air-cooler, the temperature control section of temperature control device is 40 DEG C, when pig manure is decomposed Between be 60 days, complete.
Embodiment two:
A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, comprising the following steps:
1) addressing:
The soil of selection more flat dry dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and is storing Storage pit is dried in the plant ash of cellar one layer of 2mm of laid inside, spare.
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 220mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of agricultural crop straw on excrement Particle prepared by soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and rice straw, particle can be used in particle, agricultural crop straw particle In diameter 3mm, agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 6mm for size control, then proceedes to compost 220mm, and so on until Compost is spare to the 91% of storage pit depth.
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, adsorbent uses natural materials, using turf, zeolite, sawdust With the compounding substances of agricultural crop straw, laying depth 4mm, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in compost Upper surface sprinkles one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 3mm, it is spare.
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, temperature control passes Sensor is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made of metal oxide ceramic, and is installed inside temperature control device detection storage pit Temperature, for temperature control device by the unit equipment of air-heater and air-cooler, the temperature control section of temperature control device is 45 DEG C, when pig manure is decomposed Between be 65 days, complete.
Embodiment three:
A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, comprising the following steps:
1) addressing:
The soil of selection more flat dry dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and is storing Storage pit is dried in the plant ash of cellar one layer of 3mm of laid inside, spare.
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 250mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of agricultural crop straw on excrement Particle prepared by soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and rice straw, particle can be used in particle, agricultural crop straw particle In diameter 4mm, agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 7mm for size control, then proceedes to compost 260mm, and so on until Compost is spare to the 93% of storage pit depth.
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, adsorbent uses natural materials, using turf, zeolite, sawdust With the compounding substances of agricultural crop straw, laying depth 6mm, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in compost Upper surface sprinkles one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 3mm, it is spare.
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, temperature control passes Sensor is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made of metal oxide ceramic, and is installed inside temperature control device detection storage pit Temperature, for temperature control device by the unit equipment of air-heater and air-cooler, the temperature control section of temperature control device is 50 DEG C, when pig manure is decomposed Between be 70 days, complete.
Experimental example four:
A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, comprising the following steps:
1) addressing:
The more dry soil divided of selection dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and is storing Storage pit is dried in the plant ash of cellar one layer of 4mm of laid inside, spare.
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 280mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of agricultural crop straw on excrement Particle prepared by soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and rice straw, particle can be used in particle, agricultural crop straw particle In diameter 4mm, agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 8mm for size control, then proceedes to compost 280mm, and so on until Compost is spare to the 94% of storage pit depth.
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, adsorbent uses natural materials, using turf, zeolite, sawdust With the compounding substances of agricultural crop straw, laying depth 7mm, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in compost Upper surface sprinkles one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 4mm, it is spare.
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, temperature control passes Sensor is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made of metal oxide ceramic, and is installed inside temperature control device detection storage pit Temperature, for temperature control device by the unit equipment of air-heater and air-cooler, the temperature control section of temperature control device is 55 DEG C, when pig manure is decomposed Between be 75 days, complete.
Embodiment five:
A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, comprising the following steps:
1) addressing:
The more dry soil divided of selection dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and is storing Storage pit is dried in the plant ash of cellar one layer of 5mm of laid inside, spare.
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 300mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of agricultural crop straw on excrement Particle prepared by soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and rice straw, particle can be used in particle, agricultural crop straw particle In diameter 5mm, agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 10mm for size control, then proceedes to compost 300mm, and so on until Compost is spare to the 95% of storage pit depth.
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, adsorbent uses natural materials, using turf, zeolite, sawdust With the compounding substances of agricultural crop straw, laying depth 8mm, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in compost Upper surface sprinkles one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 5mm, it is spare.
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, temperature control passes Sensor is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made of metal oxide ceramic, and is installed inside temperature control device detection storage pit Temperature, for temperature control device by the unit equipment of air-heater and air-cooler, the temperature control section of temperature control device is 60 DEG C, when pig manure is decomposed Between be 80 days, complete.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method that the pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, by using plant ash to storage Placement storage pit is dried in Zang Jiao causes nitrogen discharge to aggravate because of humidity, and crop grain is to organic matter in pig manure Decomposition with humus has regulating and controlling effect, reduces nitrogen discharge, and achieved the effect that waste utilization, cost is relatively low, passes through absorption The material of agent has porosity or is rich in humus, can be good at sticking NH4 +, reduce NH3Formation or directly adsorb NH3, To reduce Ammonia valatilization loss, has the advantages of 80-95% for effectively preventing nitrogen loss up to total amount.
Change nitrogen existing forms by the chemical reaction of alum and compost, quickly reduces nitrogen loss, pass through multilayer farming Object stalk particle is layered compost, reduces contact of the compost with oxygen, nitrogen discharge is reduced, by seeing row to storage pit inside Temperature control is adjusted, and reduces the activity of nitrogen inside compost, reduces nitrogen discharge.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss, which comprises the following steps:
1) addressing:
The soil of selection more flat dry dig pit building location, and it is thorough to carry out heap to pit-hole using concrete, and in storage pit Storage pit is dried in the plant ash that portion is laid with one layer of 1-5mm, spare；
2) compost:
Live pig excrement is layered and carries out compost, the height 200-300mm of every layer heap fertilizer is laid with one layer of agricultural crop straw on excrement Particle then proceedes to compost 200-300mm, spare and so on up to the 90-95% of compost to storage pit depth；
3) addition of chemical substance:
Using one layer of adsorbent is manually sprinkled on compost, the surface of compost is carried out all standing by adsorbent, and in the upper of compost Surface sprinkles one layer of alum, wave spread alum with a thickness of 2-5mm, it is spare；
4) it seals:
To sealing cover is added on storage pit, the effect of its sealing is detected, temperature control sensor is installed on sealing cover, and install temperature control Device detects the temperature inside storage pit, and the temperature control section of temperature control device is 40-60 DEG C, and the pig manure decomposed time is 60-80 days, complete At.
2. the method that a kind of pig-breeding according to claim 1 reduces compost nitrogen loss, which is characterized in that the step 2) particle prepared by soybean stalk, wheat stalk, corn stover and rice straw, particle can be used in the agricultural crop straw particle in Size is controlled in diameter 2-5mm.
3. the method that a kind of pig-breeding according to claim 1 reduces compost nitrogen loss, which is characterized in that the step 2) agricultural crop straw particle laying depth is 5-10mm in.
4. the method that a kind of pig-breeding according to claim 1 reduces compost nitrogen loss, which is characterized in that the step 3) adsorbent in uses natural materials, and using the compounding substances of turf, zeolite, sawdust and agricultural crop straw, laying depth is 3-8mm。
5. the method that a kind of pig-breeding according to claim 1 reduces compost nitrogen loss, which is characterized in that the step 4) temperature control sensor in is thermosensitive resistance type temperature control sensor, is made of metal oxide ceramic.
6. the method that a kind of pig-breeding according to claim 1 reduces compost nitrogen loss, which is characterized in that the step 4) temperature control device in by air-heater and air-cooler unit equipment.
CN201910869222.XA 2019-09-16 2019-09-16 A kind of method that pig-breeding reduces compost nitrogen loss Pending CN110467489A (en)

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