CN110463597A - A kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot and non-soil culture method - Google Patents

A kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot and non-soil culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110463597A
CN110463597A CN201910867525.8A CN201910867525A CN110463597A CN 110463597 A CN110463597 A CN 110463597A CN 201910867525 A CN201910867525 A CN 201910867525A CN 110463597 A CN110463597 A CN 110463597A
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China
Prior art keywords
slot
nursery
nutrient solution
water
drain pipe
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CN201910867525.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王久兴
徐宁伟
白冰
姜涛
李梦南
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Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
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Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201910867525.8A priority Critical patent/CN110463597A/en
Publication of CN110463597A publication Critical patent/CN110463597A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G2031/006—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics with means for recycling the nutritive solution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slots and non-soil culture method.The nursery slot includes slot frame, slot bottom, drain pipe, separation net, filter cloth and drip irrigation pipe；Wherein, the slot frame bottom surrounding and slot bottom, which link together, forms nursery groove body；The drain pipe runs through nursery slot and extends out from the bottom of slot bottom；The separation net is higher than the nozzle of drain pipe；The filter cloth is placed in drain pipe and is located at the nozzle of nursery slot；The drip irrigation pipe is laid with along nursery slot extending direction.The nutrient solution of use includes: four water-calcium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, epsom salt, potassium nitrate, chelated iron, borax decahydrate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, white vitriol, three water manganese sulfates and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.The nursery slot solves existing vegetable aquaculture seedling raising process to technical requirements height, and operating process is cumbersome, and seedling cost is high, and nutrient solution utilization rate is low, the less developed problem of root system.

Description

A kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot and non-soil culture method
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling-raising technique fields, especially with regard to a kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot and non-soil culture method.
Background technique
Soilless cultivation is a kind of modern horticultural plant production technology without using soil.Water planting is one of soilless cultivation Important form refers to the wholly or largely root growth of plant in the nutrient solution of liquid, mainly for the production of high-grade vegetables, tool Have the advantages that water-saving fertilizer-saving, vegetable insect disease are few, plant recovery of nutrient is high.
When the existing vegetables nursery for cultivating water planting, the non-soil culture mode for thinking plastic seeding culturing plate for container is used.One Class container is hole tray, and general hole tray specification is to be about 60 centimetres, about 24 centimetres wide, high about 5 centimetres of plastic products, is had mutual The cave of separation, it is 128 caves or 256 caves that leaf vegetables, which often uses hole tray,；Another container is flat chassis, and size is similar with hole tray, regardless of cave. But both the above container is all than shallower.
The common seedling medium of non-soil culture is turf, vermiculite, perlite etc., can also utilize organic waste with adaptation to local conditions Object develops nursery seedling medium.But seedling type is different, nutrient solution prescription is different, each component of nursery seedling medium It matches also not identical.
During nursery, usually seed plate is placed on frame bed, the nutrient solution by way of spray, nutrient solution infiltrates nursery Matrix is absorbed for seedling.But the nutrient solution that seedling medium is unable to sticking can be by seed plate bottom outlet outlet.
In short, the technology of the vegetables nursery of above-mentioned existing water planting has the disadvantage that, comprising: (1) seedling quality is relatively low: Seedling seed plate is shallower, contains that seedling medium is few, and seedlings root is shorter, and root amount is on the low side, and leaf vegetables vegetable is then required under the conditions of water planting Dish has the root system of enough prosperities, can just be conducive to the progress of nutrient, the absorption of moisture and respiration, therefore existing seedling quality Water planting cannot be complied fully with to be needed with seedling；(2) the cumbersome of seedling raising process is taken a lot of work: pouring nutrient solution when existing vegetable aquaculture nursery Often, it needs to spray 1-2 nutrient solution according to weather conditions daily, height is required to the administrative skill of nursery person, needs basis Experience, which is strictly grasped, to be poured the liquid time and pours liquid measure；(3) seedling cost is high: nutrient solution waste is serious, and seedling medium is unable to sticking Nutrient solution can be flowed out by seed plate bottom outlet, dropped on the ground, needed using seedling raising bedstead and sprinkling irrigation equipment, high investment, and It needs using seed plate, seed plate has certain service life, needs to regularly replace.
Therefore, the seedling for meeting vegetable aquaculture for how cultivating high quality, reduces the workload of nursery, reduces nursery Cost becomes the purpose of the present invention.
The information disclosed in the background technology section is intended only to increase the understanding to general background of the invention, without answering When being considered as recognizing or imply that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art in any form.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slots, are able to solve existing vegetable aquaculture nursery For journey to technical requirements height, operating process is cumbersome, and seedling cost is high, and nutrient solution utilization rate is low, the less developed problem of root system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot, including slot frame, slot bottom, drain pipe, Separation net, filter cloth and drip irrigation pipe；Wherein, the slot frame bottom surrounding and slot bottom, which link together, forms nursery groove body；It is described Drain pipe runs through nursery slot and extends out from the bottom of slot bottom；The separation net is higher than the nozzle of drain pipe；The filter cloth Drain pipe is placed in be located at the nozzle of nursery slot；The drip irrigation pipe is laid with along nursery slot extending direction.
Above-mentioned separation net functions as well well casing, for obstructing seedling medium, prevents seedling medium from covering drain Pipe or blocking drain pipe.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned slot frame and slot bottom are brick mix structures；Preferably, the height > of the slot frame 20cm。
In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of above-mentioned slot bottom is laid with seedling medium；Preferably, the upper table of seedling medium Face is lower than the top of separation net；It is further preferred that thickness >=20cm of seedling medium.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned seedling medium includes turf and vermiculite；Preferably, the turf and vermiculite Volume ratio 1.2-2.5:1, it is further preferred that the volume ratio of the turf and vermiculite is 1.8:1；Most preferably, nursery base Matter further includes；One of perlite, haydite, volcanic rock are a variety of.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned drain pipe is made of vertical section and nearly horizontal segment two parts, described vertical Section and nearly horizontal segment seamless link；Mouth is lower than the slot bottom upper surface 3-7cm under the vertical section of the drain pipe；Preferably, institute It states mouth under the vertical section of drain pipe and is lower than the slot bottom upper surface 5cm；The nearly horizontal segment of the drain pipe is with >=0.1% gradient Extend to liquid storage tank；Preferably, the top of the drain pipe lower than on the slot frame along 1cm.
Mouth is lower than 2 upper surface 3-7cm of slot bottom under the above-mentioned vertical section by drain pipe, and this set can make seedling top Substrate water compression ring border locating for root system is reasonable, and not only moist but also ventilation provides good environment for root system development, can solve nursery slot The problem of middle hydrops excessively leads to seedling " macerating root ".
The above-mentioned nearly horizontal segment by drain pipe keep >=0.1% the gradient be in order to allow nutrient solution under the effect of gravity voluntarily It flows into liquid storage tank.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned filter cloth is non-woven fabrics or PVC fly net；Preferably, the PVC fly net It is the above PVC fly net of 50 mesh；And/or the lower part of drain pipe and liquid storage tank seamless link.
The effect of above-mentioned filter cloth is to filter out mixed matrix in nutrient solution, it is ensured that flows into the nutrient solution of drain pipe without suspension The insoluble solid matter such as object, matrix, with the pipelines at different levels in the anti-clogging nutrient solution circulatory system, such as drip irrigation pipe.
The lower part of above-mentioned drain pipe and liquid storage tank seamless link, this set be in order to allow nutrient solution can flow into liquid storage tank with Just it recycles, achievees the purpose that save nutrient solution.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned drip irrigation pipe is connect with liquid storage tank；And/or the drip irrigation pipe is polyethylene Plastic material；And/or micropore or turbulator are laid in the drip irrigation pipe；And/or the drip irrigation pipe is layered on seedling medium And it is contacted with seedling medium；And/or the drip irrigation pipe is more than or equal to 1；And/or the drip irrigation pipe is lower than slot frame top；It is excellent Choosing, the drip irrigation pipe is lower than slot frame top 1cm or more.
In a preferred embodiment, nutrient solution is stored in above-mentioned liquid storage tank, nutrient solution includes: four water-calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2•4H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O), potassium nitrate (KNO3), chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA), borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O), seven water sulphur Sour zinc (ZnSO4•7H2O), three water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH O4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)；Preferably, it seeks Nutrient solution includes: 100-200g/m3Four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O)、50-150g/m3Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)、 20-100g/m3Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)、40-180g/m3Epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O)、20-100g/m3Potassium nitrate (KNO3)、10-45g/m3Chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA)、0.50-3g/m3Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O)、0.020- 0.10g/m3Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O)、0.10-0.50g/m3White vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O)、0.30- 1.50g/m3Three water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and 0.10-0.80g/m O3Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)；Into One step is preferred, and nutrient solution includes: 139g/m3Four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O)、75g/m3Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)、58g/m3Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)、99g/m3Epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O)、54g/m3Potassium nitrate (KNO3)、21.5g/m3Chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA)、1.4g/m3Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O)、0.05g/m3's Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O)、0.24g/m3White vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O)、0.98g/m3Three water manganese sulfates (MnSO4•3H2) and 0.23g/m O3Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)。
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of above-mentioned nutrient solution includes: that estimated prepare is added into liquid storage tank 50% or more nutrient solution volume water；Weigh four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO respectively by said ratio3)2•4H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O), potassium nitrate (KNO3), chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA), ten Water borax (Na2B4O7•10H2O), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O), white vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O), three water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH O4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)；Then, respectively plus suitable quantity of water is dissolved into solution, it is poured slowly into In water, the stirring of side bevelling；Finally, plus water be settled to predetermined volume, after mixing evenly i.e. can be used.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-soil culture methods of vegetable aquaculture, use any of the above-described water planting Vegetables carry out nursery with nursery slot, which includes:
Seedling medium is laid in the nursery slot；Then, nutrient solution；Preferably, when seedling medium sticking nutrient solution extremely When saturation state and nutritious liquid ooze out from seedling medium and can flow into drain pipe, then stop nutrient solution；Finally, broadcasting Kind；Preferably, powdered vermiculite after planting is covered on seedling medium surface, the surface of powdered vermiculite layers is upper lower than separation net Edge；It is further preferred that the thickness of the powdered vermiculite is 1cm.
In a preferred embodiment, a kind of non-soil culture method of above-mentioned vegetable aquaculture includes:
Paving seedling medium: the nursery seedling medium is spread into the nursery slot, the nutrient solution is poured, makes nursery seedling medium Sticking nutrient solution to saturation state, nutritious liquid oozes out from seedling medium and can flow into drain pipe, smoothes out seedling medium with tool Surface, it is desirable that seedling medium surface water is flat and smooth, lower than isolation top line of the net；Sowing: by leaf vegetables seed broadcasting in educating The surface of seedling seedling medium；Cover vermiculite: after planting, in the powdered vermiculite of the seedling medium surface covering wet of nursery slot, 1 centimetre of thickness, vermiculite layer surface is lower than isolation top line of the net；Water spray: seeding stage not nutrient solution is not also sprayed water；If air It is excessively dry, it cannot still emerge in 7 days, clear water can be sprayed；Seedling management: during the nursery after emergence, pass through the nursery slot Nursery tank liquor position is observed in the inside of the separation net, when liquid level is lower than 10 centimetres of filter cloth or so, passes through the drip irrigation pipe Drip irrigation nutrient solution, until nutritious liquid restores from drain pipe, liquid level is flowed into horizontal when sowing；Lifting and seedling medium repeat benefit With: after seedling, seedling is directly dug out with hand, is placed in the container for filling clear water in situ, seedling medium accompanying by root system is washed away Afterwards for being colonized, seedling medium and water back flow nursery slot are used for lower stubble leaf vegetables nursery.
Wherein, what seedling was bred as starts for first 10 days, does not have to nutrient solution again as long as the still visible nutrient solution of slot bottom, only exists Nursery trench bottom keeps few nutrient solution；If the invisible nutrient solution of nursery trench bottom, can pour on a small quantity, to promote Seedlings root increases root length to submucosa growth.
Compared with prior art, it has the following beneficial effects: according to the present invention
(1) nutrient solution can flow into inside the separation net from seedling medium, when the liquid level of nutrient solution is suitable for reading higher than drain pipe, battalion Nutrient solution can be from entering drain pipe through filter cloth and flow back to liquid storage tank.
(2) present invention use nursery slot to be permanent, reduces the cost for replacing seed plate；The size of existing seedlings nursing plate is logical It is often 24cm*60cm, area is smaller, and multiple seed plates are placed in together, and the gap between the edge and seed plate of seed plate belongs to nothing Imitate area, it is impossible to be used in nursery, and large area tiling matrix may be implemented in nursery slot in the present invention, invalid is few, eliminates The originally gap between seed plate improves place and employs rate；The bottom no leakage of nursery slot avoids caused by nutrient solution outflow Waste situation；Technical staff can carry out large area sowing by the way of broadcasting sowing on nursery slot of the present invention, without removing Dynamic seed plate, has saved cost of labor；Through calculating, compared with the industrial seedling rearing for using frame bed, seed plate, cost of labor be can be reduced 50% or more, seed plate, seedling medium and nutrient solution cost can be reduced 45% or more.
(3) thickness of existing seed plate is only 5cm or so, the present invention in seedling medium with a thickness of 20cm or more, than existing Seed plate has thickened 4 times or more, and Root growing space increases, and Medium Culture aqueous vapor environment is suitable for that seedling medium upper layer emphasis solves logical Gas problem, it is ensured that the lower part of root system eupnea, seedling medium mainly solves the problems, such as liquid manure, it is ensured that root growth has enough water Point and nutrient；Therefore the bottom no leakage of nursery slot can keep depth nutrient solution in seedling medium lower part, can induce root system is It finds liquid manure to extend to increase root long and root amount to the lower part, is very beneficial for the growth of leaf vegetables root system；Nutrient solution prescription is reasonable, The relationship that can coordinate seedling root, hat growth, forms suitable root/shoot ratio, improves root system quality；Through calculating, with before hole tray or Flat seedlings nursing plate is compared, and the root amount of leaf vegetables (by taking Leaf lettuce as an example) seedling can increase 12%, and root length increases by 20%, is suitble to water Training uses, can be without entrusting one's child to the care of sb. direct field planting.
(4) present invention can control highest liquid level using drain pipe, when nutrient solution is more than the nozzle excess of drain pipe, battalion Nutrient solution can be discharged into liquid storage tank outside automatically by the nozzle of drain pipe, and seedling is flooded when avoiding excessive nutrient solution, is simplified Operation；Since the lower part of seedling medium can keep a certain amount of nutrient solution, the root of leaf vegetables seedling can be further induced System's elongation downwards, helps to improve the quality of seedling.
(5) seeding tray seedling cultures such as existing hole tray or flat chassis, seedling medium dosage is few, and thickness is no more than 5cm, and seed plate bottom There is hole, pours liquid with the method for sprinkling irrigation, after nutrient solution infiltrates matrix, extra nutrient solution can be flowed out from bottom outlet under the effect of gravity, Drop onto ground, do not recycle and cause to waste, and in matrix can sticking nutrient solution it is seldom, can evaporate quickly, therefore It needs to spray 1 ~ 2 time daily；And the seedling medium of nursery slot lower part is soaked in nutrient solution in the present invention, nursery slot has a depthkeeping Degree, drain nozzle is higher than slot bottom, after pouring liquid, except liquid storage tank is flowed back to by drain pipe in part, under the matrix lower than leakage fluid dram position Lamination deposits a large amount of nutrient solutions, and cultivation bed bottom is again non-leakage, and overlayer matrix can also play the role of inhibiting evaporation, therefore, nutrient solution Consumption be mainly seedling slow consumption, therefore pour liquid once can use for a long time, greatly reduce pouring nutrition The number of liquid during entire growth of seedling, only need to pour 1-2 nutrient solution, the spray flow of nutrient solution needed for every square metre is also big It is big to reduce, and without regulating and controlling to nutrient solution, therefore no other operations, reduce the workload of nursery, simplify nursery journey Sequence.
(6) seedling medium proportion is suitable for being able to maintain seedling medium aeration and mutually coordinating with water-retaining property, root system is in normal growth Under the premise of, it extends downwards.
(7) present invention is formd by determining concentration and ratio containing various nutrient chemicals for this nursery The proprietary formula of mode, reaches suitable total concentration, gained nutrient solution nitrogen phosphate and sulfur rich in, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, Manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlorine element, can guarantee the healthy growth of leaf vegetables seedling, do not occur it is physically different, and can coordinate vegetable seedling hat The harmony of root growth relatively promotes the growth of leaf vegetables root system, keeps seedlings root longer；The concentration energy of nutrient solution in the present invention Mutually to coordinate with the water evaporation rate of nursery slot, nutrient solution concentration meets the requirement of growth of seedling always, in the nursery later period, nursery Root system will not be damaged after moisture largely evaporates in matrix, on the contrary, if nutrient solution prescription is unreasonable, the moisture in matrix After a large amount of evaporations, the nutrient solution concentration in nursery slot increases, high concentration nutritional liquid, just as high concentration salt water, because infiltration is made With, absorption of the inhibition root system to nutrient, or even root tissue water status is made to exosmose, cause growth of seedling to be obstructed and even wilts, is dead；With day This vegetable garden experimental formula (hole, 1966) formula is compared, and nutrient solution prescription of the present invention greatly reduces potassium nitrate (KNO3), four water-calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2•4H2) etc. O dosage, although nitrate content is extremely low, seedling root long and seedling root figureofmerit are better than day This vegetable garden experimental formula.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of nursery slot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Main appended drawing reference explanation:
1- slot frame；2- slot bottom；3- drain pipe；4- separation net；5- filter cloth；6- drip irrigation pipe；7- liquid storage tank；8- seedling；9- nursery base Matter；10- nutrient solution；11- nursery slot；12- water pump.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, it is to be understood that guarantor of the invention Shield range is not limited by the specific implementation.
Embodiment 1: vegetable aquaculture nursery slot
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising: slot frame 1, slot bottom 2, Drain pipe 3, separation net 4, filter cloth 5 and drip irrigation pipe 6；Wherein, the 1 bottom surrounding of slot frame and slot bottom 2 composition that links together are educated Seedling groove body；The drain pipe 3 runs through nursery slot and extends out from the bottom of slot bottom 2, and drain pipe 3 can control highest liquid Position, when nutrient solution is more than the nozzle excess of drain pipe 3, nutrient solution can be discharged into outside liquid storage tank 7 by the nozzle of drain pipe 3 automatically In, seedling is flooded when avoiding excessive nutrient solution, simplifies operation；The separation net 4 is higher than the nozzle of drain pipe 3, because This, nutrient solution can flow into inside the separation net 4 from seedling medium 9, when the liquid level of nutrient solution is suitable for reading higher than drain pipe 3, battalion Nutrient solution into drain pipe 3 and can flow back to liquid storage tank 7 from through filter cloth 5；The filter cloth 5 is placed in the nozzle that drain pipe 3 is located at nursery slot Place；The drip irrigation pipe 6 is laid with along 11 extending direction of nursery slot；The slot frame 1 and slot bottom 2 are brick mix structures, the height of the slot frame 1 > 20cm, therefore the bottom no leakage of nursery slot are spent, avoids and wastes situation caused by nutrient solution outflow；The slot bottom 2 it is upper Face is laid with seedling medium 9, and the upper surface of seedling medium 9 is lower than the top of the separation net 4, and the thickness of seedling medium 9 is 20cm, 4 times or more are thickened than existing seed plate, Root growing space increases, and Medium Culture aqueous vapor environment is suitable for seedling medium upper layer emphasis Solve ventilation problem, it is ensured that the lower part of root system eupnea, seedling medium mainly solves the problems, such as liquid manure, it is ensured that root growth has foot Enough moisture and nutrient can keep depth nutrient solution in seedling medium lower part, can induce root system and extend to the lower part to find liquid manure To increase root long and root amount, it is very beneficial for the growth of leaf vegetables root system；Seedling medium 9 includes turf and vermiculite, turf and leech The volume ratio of stone is 1.8:1, further, further includes in seedling medium 9；One of perlite, haydite, volcanic rock are a variety of； Drain pipe 3 is made of vertical section and nearly horizontal segment two parts, the vertical section and nearly horizontal segment seamless link, the drain pipe 3 Vertical section under mouth be lower than the 2 upper surface 5cm of slot bottom, the nearly horizontal segment of the drain pipe 3 extends to storage with 0.1% gradient Liquid pool 7, the top of drain pipe 3 lower than on the slot frame 1 along 1cm；The filter cloth 5 is non-woven fabrics, is also possible to 50 mesh or more PVC fly net；The lower part of drain pipe 3 and 7 seamless link of liquid storage tank；The drip irrigation pipe 6 is connect with liquid storage tank 7, and drip irrigation pipe 6 is poly- Vinyl plastics material, lays micropore or turbulator in drip irrigation pipe 6, drip irrigation pipe 6 be layered on seedling medium 9 and with seedling medium 9 Contact, drip irrigation pipe 6 are 1, and drip irrigation pipe 6 is lower than 1 top 2cm of slot frame；Nutrient solution 10 is stored in the liquid storage tank 7.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution includes: 139g/m3Four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O)、75g/m3Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)、58g/m3Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)、99g/m3Epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O)、54g/m3Potassium nitrate (KNO3)、21.5g/m3Chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA)、1.4g/m3Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O)、0.05g/m3's Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O)、0.24g/m3White vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O)、0.98g/m3Three water manganese sulfates (MnSO4•3H2) and 0.23g/m O3Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O).Nutrient solution prescription nitrogen rich in, Phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlorine element can coordinate the relationship of seedling root, hat growth, and it is suitable to be formed Root/shoot ratio, improve root system quality, can guarantee the healthy growth of leaf vegetables seedling, do not occur it is physically different, and can coordinate vegetable seedling hat The harmony of root growth relatively promotes the growth of leaf vegetables root system, keeps seedlings root longer；The concentration energy of the nutrient solution and nursery The water evaporation rate of slot is mutually coordinated, and nutrient solution concentration meets the requirement of growth of seedling always, in the nursery later period, in seedling medium Moisture will not damage root system after largely evaporating.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of seedling medium used in the non-soil culture of vegetable aquaculture
The step of preparation method of the seedling medium includes: to press turf: vermiculite according to the volume of nursery slot, and by turf and vermiculite =1.8:1(volume ratio) prepare seedling medium raw material；Then, add water to mix turf and vermiculite, be configured to wet for nursery Seedling medium.
Embodiment 3: the nutrient solution used preparation method of the non-soil culture of vegetable aquaculture
The step of preparation method of the nutrient solution includes: that estimated dose volume is 1m3Nutrient solution, volume is added into liquid storage tank For 0.6m3Water；Then four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (the NO of 139g is weighed3)2•4H2O), the potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH of 75g2PO4)、58g Potassium sulfate (K2SO4), the epsom salt (MgSO of 99g4•7H2O), the potassium nitrate (KNO of 54g3), the chelated iron of 21.5g (Na2Fe-EDTA), the borax decahydrate (Na of 1.4g2B4O7•10H2O), the cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO of 0.05g4•5H2O)、0.24g White vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O), the three water manganese sulfate (MnSO of 0.98g4•3H2) and the ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH of 0.23g O4)6Mo7O24•4H2O), every kind of component is dissolved into solution with suitable quantity of water again；Various component solutions are poured slowly into the storage for filling water in advance In liquid pool, the stirring of side bevelling；Finally, plus water be settled to 1m3, stir evenly to get required nutrient solution.
Embodiment 4: the non-soil culture method of vegetable aquaculture
The step of above-mentioned seedlings and soil method, is described as follows in conjunction with Fig. 1:
Paving seedling medium: seedling medium 9 is spread in nursery slot, nutrient solution 10, make 9 sticking nutrient solution 10 of seedling medium to Saturation state, nutritious liquid 10 are oozed out from seedling medium 9 and can be flowed into drain pipe 3, smooth out 9 surface of seedling medium with tool, It is required that 9 surface water of seedling medium is flat and smooth, lower than the upper edge of separation net 4；Sowing: by leaf vegetables seed broadcasting in nursery The surface of matrix 9；Cover vermiculite: after planting, in the powdered vermiculite of the 9 surface covering wet of seedling medium of nursery slot, thickness 1 Centimetre, vermiculite layer surface is lower than the upper edge of separation net 4；Water spray: seeding stage not nutrient solution is not also sprayed water；If air mistake In cannot still emerge in drying, 7 days, clear water can be sprayed；Seedling management: during the nursery after emergence, by the inside of separation net 4, The liquid level for observing the nursery slot, when liquid level is 10 centimetres or so lower than filter cloth 5, by 6 drip irrigation nutrient solution 10 of drip irrigation pipe, directly To nutritious liquid 10 from flowing into drain pipe 3, liquid level is restored to horizontal when sowing, pour liquid it is on the high side when do not hinder yet, excessive nutrient solution It can exclude automatically；Lifting and seedling medium 9 reuse: after seedling, directly digging out seedling with hand, be placed in fill clear water in situ Container in, wash away for being colonized after seedling medium accompanying by root system, by seedling medium 9 and water back flow nursery slot, for lower stubble leaf Dish nursery uses.
Comparative example 1
By taking the seedling of Leaf lettuce as an example, and it is nutrient solution used identical, it is the prepared nutrient solution of embodiment 3, using reality It applies 1 nursery slot of example and the existing hole tray of comparative example 1 carries out the non-soil culture of Leaf lettuce, acquired results comparison such as following table respectively.
As shown in Table 1, during Leaf lettuce cultivation, if needing nutrient solution in 30 days using the existing hole tray of comparative example 1 Feed flow number be up to 30-60 times, that is, almost daily will be feed flow 1-2 times, every square metre of spray flow is amounted in 30 days and is reached To 150-300L；And feed flow 1-2 times is only needed if 1 nursery slot of materialman embodiment, in 30 days, spray is amounted in 30 days Measure every square metre of 20-40L.It can be seen that being compared using 1 nursery slot of embodiment with existing hole tray, feed flow number All greatly reduce with spray flow, and using the seedling of the Leaf lettuce of 1 nursery slot of embodiment cultivation with joining in the chorus seedling root amount also It is better than the seedling of the Leaf lettuce using the cultivation of existing hole tray, root length increases 20%, and the root amount of seedling can increase 12%.
Culture facility Seedling medium thickness cm 30 days nutrient solution feed flow numbers 30 days nutrient solution spray flow L/m2 Seedling root long cm Seedling root amount cm3
1 nursery slot of embodiment 20 1-2 20~40 13.8 0.258
1 hole tray of comparative example 5 30-60 150-300 11.5 0.230
The comparative situation-of 1 embodiment of table, 1 nursery slot and existing hole tray is by taking the seedling of Leaf lettuce as an example
Comparative example 2
By taking the seedling of Leaf lettuce as an example, and nursery used setting is identical, is nursery slot described in embodiment 1, uses The prepared nutrient solution of embodiment 3 and existing nutrient solution carry out the non-soil culture of Leaf lettuce respectively, and acquired results comparison is as follows Table.
Wherein, existing nutrient solution prescription is Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula (hole, 1966), specifically: 945g/m3Four water-calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2•4H2O)、809g/m3Potassium nitrate (KNO3)、153g/m3Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4)、493g/m3Seven Water magnesium sulfate (MgSO4•7H2O)、21.5g/m3EDTA-2NaFe, 2.86g/m3Boric acid (H3BO3)、2.13g/m3Four water Manganese sulfate (MnSO4•4H2O)、0.22g/m3White vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O)、0.08g/m3Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4• 5H2O)、0.02g/m3Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)。
The prepared nutrient solution of embodiment 3 and Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula (hole, 1966) are compared, and potassium nitrate is greatly reduced (KNO3), four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O), epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O), four water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•4H2O) Dosage, especially potassium nitrate (KNO3) dosage by 809g/m3It is reduced to 54g/m3.The cultivation of gained Leaf lettuce the results are shown in Table 2。
Nutrient solution Seedling root long cm Seedling root amount cm3
3 gained nutrient solution of embodiment 13.8 0.258
Existing nutrient solution 11.9 0.242
The comparative situation-of 2 embodiment of table, 3 gained nutrient solution and existing nutrient solution is by taking the seedling of Leaf lettuce as an example
As seen from the results in Table 2, although the prepared nutrient solution of embodiment 3 contains few nitrate, seedling root long and children Not only Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula (hole, 1966) more not very high than nitrate content is low by Miao Genliang, and more optimizes than it, seedling Root long and seedling root figureofmerit are better than Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula (hole, 1966).
The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining specific principle of the invention and its actually answering With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot, which is characterized in that including slot frame (1), slot bottom (2), drain pipe (3), separation net (4), filter cloth (5) and drip irrigation pipe (6)；Wherein, slot frame (1) the bottom surrounding and slot bottom (2), which link together, forms nursery slot Main body；The drain pipe (3) runs through nursery slot and extends out from the bottom of slot bottom (2)；The separation net (4) is higher than drain Manage the nozzle of (3)；The filter cloth (5) is placed in drain pipe (3) and is located at the nozzle of nursery slot；The drip irrigation pipe (6) is along nursery slot (11) extending direction is laid with.
2. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 1 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the slot frame (1) and slot bottom (2) are bricks Mixed structure；Preferably, the height > 20cm of the slot frame (1).
3. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 1 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the upper surface of described slot bottom (2), which is laid with, educates Seedling matrix (9)；Preferably, the upper surface of the seedling medium (9) is lower than the top of the separation net (4)；It is further preferred that Thickness >=20cm of the seedling medium (9).
4. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 3 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the seedling medium (9) includes turf And vermiculite；Preferably, the volume ratio 1.2-2.5:1 of the turf and vermiculite, it is further preferred that the body of the turf and vermiculite Product ratio is 1.8:1；Most preferably, the seedling medium (9) further includes；One of perlite, haydite, volcanic rock are a variety of.
5. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 1 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the drain pipe (3) by vertical section and Nearly horizontal segment two parts composition, the vertical section and nearly horizontal segment seamless link；
Mouth is lower than the slot bottom (2) upper surface 3-7cm under the vertical section of the drain pipe (3)；Preferably, the drain pipe (3) Vertical section under mouth be lower than the slot bottom (2) upper surface 5cm；
The nearly horizontal segment of the drain pipe (3) extends to liquid storage tank (7) with >=0.1% gradient；Preferably, the drain pipe (3) Top lower than on the slot frame (1) along 1cm.
6. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 1 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the filter cloth (5) is non-woven fabrics or PVC Fly net；Preferably, the PVC fly net is the above PVC fly net of 50 mesh；
And/or the lower part of the drain pipe (3) and liquid storage tank (7) seamless link.
7. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 1 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the drip irrigation pipe (6) and liquid storage tank (7) Connection；
And/or the drip irrigation pipe (6) is vinyon material；
And/or micropore or turbulator are laid on the drip irrigation pipe (6)；
And/or the drip irrigation pipe (6) is layered on seedling medium (9) and contacts with seedling medium (9)；
And/or the drip irrigation pipe (6) is more than or equal to 1；
And/or the drip irrigation pipe (6) is lower than slot frame (1) top；Preferably, the drip irrigation pipe (6) is lower than slot frame (1) top 1cm More than.
8. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 7 nursery slot, which is characterized in that be stored with battalion in the liquid storage tank (7) Nutrient solution (10), the nutrient solution (10) include: four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O), potassium nitrate (KNO3), chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA), borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7• 10H2O), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O), white vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O), three water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and four O Water ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)；
Preferably, the nutrient solution (10) includes: 100-200g/m3Four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O)、50-150g/m3 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)、20-100g/m3Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)、40-180g/m3Epsom salt (MgSO4• 7H2O)、20-100g/m3Potassium nitrate (KNO3)、10-45g/m3Chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA)、0.50-3g/m3Ten water boron Sand (Na2B4O7•10H2O)、0.020-0.10g/m3Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O)、0.10-0.50g/m3Seven water sulfuric acid Zinc (ZnSO4•7H2O)、0.30-1.50g/m3Three water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and 0.10-0.80g/m O3Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)；
It is further preferred that the nutrient solution (10) includes: 139g/m3Four water-calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2•4H2O)、75g/m3's Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)、58g/m3Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)、99g/m3Epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O)、54g/m3's Potassium nitrate (KNO3)、21.5g/m3Chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA)、1.4g/m3Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O)、 0.05g/m3Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O)、0.24g/m3White vitriol (ZnSO4•7H2O)、0.98g/m3Three Water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and 0.23g/m O3Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)。
9. vegetable aquaculture according to claim 8 nursery slot, which is characterized in that the preparation method packet of the nutrient solution It includes: the water of estimated 50% or more the nutrient solution volume prepared being added into liquid storage tank；Four water-calcium nitrate is weighed respectively by said ratio (Ca(NO3)2•4H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), epsom salt (MgSO4•7H2O), potassium nitrate (KNO3), chelated iron (Na2Fe-EDTA), borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O), seven water sulphur Sour zinc (ZnSO4•7H2O), three water manganese sulfate (MnSO4•3H2) and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH O4)6Mo7O24•4H2O)；Then, respectively Add suitable quantity of water to be dissolved into solution, is poured slowly into water, the stirring of side bevelling；Finally, plus water be settled to predetermined volume, after mixing evenly It can be used.
10. a kind of non-soil culture method of vegetable aquaculture uses the described in any item vegetable aquaculture nursery of claim 1-9 Slot (11) carries out nursery, which is characterized in that the non-soil culture method includes:
Seedling medium (9) are laid in the nursery slot (11)；Then, nutrient solution (10)；Preferably, work as seedling medium (9) sticking nutrient solution is to saturation state and nutritious liquid (10) is from seedling medium (9) exudation and when can flow into drain pipe (3), Then stop nutrient solution (10)；Finally, sowing；Preferably, powdered vermiculite after planting is covered on seedling medium (9) surface, The surface of powdered vermiculite layers is lower than the upper edge of separation net (4)；It is further preferred that the thickness of the powdered vermiculite is 1cm.
CN201910867525.8A 2019-09-13 2019-09-13 A kind of vegetable aquaculture nursery slot and non-soil culture method Pending CN110463597A (en)

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