CN110452408A - 一种pur聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pur聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110452408A
CN110452408A CN201910794546.1A CN201910794546A CN110452408A CN 110452408 A CN110452408 A CN 110452408A CN 201910794546 A CN201910794546 A CN 201910794546A CN 110452408 A CN110452408 A CN 110452408A
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pur polyurethane
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李辰峰
李开梅
袁军
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Anhui Ding Yuan New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1、原料：采用聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料，并分别对聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；S2、辅料：采用的辅料为阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂，并分别对阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用。本发明的工艺制作的PUR聚氨酯泡沫，具有热固性材料、阻燃等级高、导热系数低、绝热效果好、无氧、环保、防腐、防震、机械强度高、尺寸稳定性佳、经久耐用等特点。

Description

一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯制品技术领域，尤其涉及一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（简称RPU）是聚氨酯材料体系中最重要的品种之一，具有优良的物理机械性能、声学性能、电学性能以及耐酸耐碱性能。该材料的闭孔率在90%以上，属憎水材料，具有较好的防潮防水性能以及良好的绝热、隔音、防震性能，具有很强的粘结力，广泛用作石油化工管道、冷藏设备、运输设备以及建筑物等的保温绝热材料。
然而，未经阻燃处理的RPU由于其密度小、比表面积大，阻燃性较差，氧指数仅为17%左右，属易燃材料，着火后，火焰蔓延迅速，并释放大量的有毒烟气（如CO、CO2、HCN等），给灭火及火场逃生带来很大的困难。由于RPU引起火灾并造成巨大经济损失和人员伤亡的案例在国内外已有多起。因此，RPU材料所存在的火灾安全隐患引起了国内外的高度重视。RPU中添加的含卤阻燃剂在燃烧时候会释放大量的腐蚀性、剧毒的卤化氢气体，不利于火灾救援。
专利申请号为CN201810948871.4公开了一种提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料强韧性的方法，其包括：S1)对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行预处理；S2)制备改性剂：1)将碳酸钠溶于水中配制成碳酸钠溶液，与聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯混合，搅拌均匀后得到底液；2)向底液中加入硬脂酸乙醚溶液并搅拌，搅拌过程中缓慢加入油酸钠水溶液，继续搅拌至均匀后加入淀粉浆水溶液，搅拌混合均匀得到混合液；3)向混合液中加入三磷酸五钠，对其进行搅拌，搅拌过程中滴加氯化钙溶液，至其形成均匀乳液，即得到改性剂；S3)将经预处理的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料浸渍于改性剂中，通过浸渍、热处理和干燥得到提高强韧性的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
但是一种提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料强韧性的方法，仅在聚氨酯制品的强度方面进行了改善，而对于聚氨酯制品的其他方面的特性为做出较好的改进，不适于大规模的生产制造，达不到实际应用的目的，因此，亟需一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法。
本发明提出的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、原料：采用聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料，并分别对聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；
S2、辅料：采用的辅料为阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂，并分别对阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；
S3、混合、搅拌：把S1和S2中称量后的主要原料和辅料加入到温控型搅拌机中，进行充分的混合、搅拌；
S4、入模成型：把S3中经充分混合、搅拌后的混料加入到预制的模具中成型，得到聚氨酯的发泡体。
进一步地，包括，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇的羟值为500±20mg（KOH）/g，酸值<5mg（KOH）/g，含氯量6-8%，水分<0.2%，含磷量5-7%。
进一步地，步骤S2中，辅料的配方组分及其重量百分比为：
阻燃剂：0.20-0.40%；
发泡剂：0.10-0.30%；
稳定剂：0.10-0.20%；
催化剂：0.25-0.45%；
水：2.00-3.00%；
交联剂：0.32-0.44%；
表面活性剂：0.22-0.32%。
进一步地，所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺按照质量比2-3：1-2：1的复配物。
进一步地，所述发泡剂采用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈，二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠等其中的一种或多种混合物。
进一步地，所述稳定剂磷酸或苯甲酰氯，所述催化剂为叔胺类催化剂。
进一步地，所述交联剂为甘油、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步地，所述表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂，其中，阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种、两种或三种的组合；非离子表面活性剂为烷基醇聚醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种或两种的组合。
进一步地，步骤S3中，温控型搅拌机的初始温度为25-28℃，搅拌速度最低为2500r/min。
进一步地，步骤S4中，预制的模具可为钢制的定规格模具或者采用模板现场拼接的模腔。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明的工艺制作的PUR聚氨酯泡沫，具有热固性材料、阻燃等级高、导热系数低、绝热效果好、无氧、环保、防腐、防震、机械强度高、尺寸稳定性佳、经久耐用等特点。
2、通过加入的阻燃剂，提高了PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品的阻燃特性；通过加入的发泡剂，汽化后作为气泡来源并移去反应热，避免泡沫中心因高温而产生的焦烧；通过加入的稳定剂，能够催化发泡及凝胶反应；通过加入的交联剂，提高了泡沫的机械性能，如弹性等；通过加入的水，作为链增长剂，同时也是发生二氧化碳气泡的远离来源。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法中的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及／或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例一
参照图1，一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、原料：采用聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料，并分别对聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；
S2、辅料：采用的辅料为阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂，并分别对阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；
S3、混合、搅拌：把S1和S2中称量后的主要原料和辅料加入到温控型搅拌机中，进行充分的混合、搅拌；
S4、入模成型：把S3中经充分混合、搅拌后的混料加入到预制的模具中成型，得到聚氨酯的发泡体。
进一步地，包括，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇的羟值为500±20mg（KOH）/g，酸值<5mg（KOH）/g，含氯量6-8%，水分<0.2%，含磷量5-7%。
进一步地，步骤S2中，辅料的配方组分及其重量百分比为：
阻燃剂：0.20%；
发泡剂：0.10%；
稳定剂：0.10%；
催化剂：0.25%；
水：2.00%；
交联剂：0.32%；
表面活性剂：0.22%。
其中，所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺按照质量比2：1：1的复配物，提高了PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品的阻燃特性；所述发泡剂采用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈，二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠等其中的一种或多种混合物，汽化后作为气泡来源并移去反应热，避免泡沫中心因高温而产生的焦烧；所述稳定剂磷酸或苯甲酰氯，所述催化剂为叔胺类催化剂，能够催化发泡及凝胶反应；所述交联剂为甘油、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺中的一种或几种的混合物，提高了泡沫的机械性能，如弹性等；所述表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂，阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种、两种或三种的组合；非离子表面活性剂为烷基醇聚醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种或两种的组合；步骤S3中，温控型搅拌机的初始温度为25℃，搅拌速度最低为2600r/min；步骤S4中，预制的模具为钢制的定规格模具，可实现对PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品的实验检验。
实施例二
参照图1，一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、原料：采用聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料，并分别对聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；
S2、辅料：采用的辅料为阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂，并分别对阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；
S3、混合、搅拌：把S1和S2中称量后的主要原料和辅料混合，并利用手提式搅拌棒进行充分的混合、搅拌；
S4、入模成型：把S3中经充分混合、搅拌后的混料加入到预制的模具中成型，得到聚氨酯的发泡体。
进一步地，包括，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇的羟值为500±20mg（KOH）/g，酸值<5mg（KOH）/g，含氯量6-8%，水分<0.2%，含磷量5-7%。
进一步地，步骤S2中，辅料的配方组分及其重量百分比为：
阻燃剂：0.40%；
发泡剂：0.30%；
稳定剂：0.20%；
催化剂：0.45%；
水：3.00%；
交联剂：0.44%；
表面活性剂：0.32%。
其中，所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺按照质量比2：1：1的复配物，提高了PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品的阻燃特性；所述发泡剂采用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈，二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠等其中的一种或多种混合物，汽化后作为气泡来源并移去反应热，避免泡沫中心因高温而产生的焦烧；所述稳定剂磷酸或苯甲酰氯，所述催化剂为叔胺类催化剂，能够催化发泡及凝胶反应；所述交联剂为甘油、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺中的一种或几种的混合物，提高了泡沫的机械性能，如弹性等；所述表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂，阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种、两种或三种的组合；非离子表面活性剂为烷基醇聚醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种或两种的组合；步骤S3中，手提式搅拌棒的搅拌速度最低为3000r/min；步骤S4中，预制的模具为采用模板现场拼接的模腔，用于对PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品现场的施工。
综上所述，实施例一可实现对PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品的实验检验；实施例二用于对PUR聚氨酯泡沫制品现场的施工。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
原料：采用聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料，并分别对聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；辅料：采用的辅料为阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂，并分别对阻燃剂、发泡剂、稳定剂、催化剂、水、交联剂、表面活性剂采用称量器进行称量，贴上对应的标签放置在洁净的储料皿中待用；混合、搅拌：把S1和S2中称量后的主要原料和辅料加入到温控型搅拌机中，进行充分的混合、搅拌；入模成型：把S3中经充分混合、搅拌后的混料加入到预制的模具中成型，得到聚氨酯的发泡体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括，其特征在于，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇的羟值为500±20mg（KOH）/g，酸值<5mg（KOH）/g，含氯量6-8%，水分<0.2%，含磷量5-7%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，辅料的配方组分及其重量百分比为：阻燃剂：0.20-0.40%；发泡剂：0.10-0.30%；稳定剂0.10-0.20%；催化剂：0.25-0.45%；水：2.00-3.00%；交联剂：0.32-0.44%；表面活性剂：0.22-0.32%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺按照质量比2-3：1-2：1的复配物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂采用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈，二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、碳酸氢钠等其中的一种或多种混合物。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稳定剂磷酸或苯甲酰氯，所述催化剂为叔胺类催化剂。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂为甘油、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂，其中，阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种、两种或三种的组合；非离子表面活性剂为烷基醇聚醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种或两种的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，温控型搅拌机的初始温度为25-28℃，搅拌速度最低为2500r/min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种PUR聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，预制的模具可为钢制的定规格模具或者采用模板现场拼接的模腔。
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