CN110446594A - 用于连接至构件的附件 - Google Patents

用于连接至构件的附件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110446594A
CN110446594A CN201780088843.3A CN201780088843A CN110446594A CN 110446594 A CN110446594 A CN 110446594A CN 201780088843 A CN201780088843 A CN 201780088843A CN 110446594 A CN110446594 A CN 110446594A
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China
Prior art keywords
attachment
sonotrode
component
longitudinal axis
weld
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CN201780088843.3A
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CN110446594B (zh
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C·雷根伯格
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Telsonic Holding AG
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Telsonic Holding AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B29C65/082—Angular, i.e. torsional ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0609—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding characterised by the movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/0618—Linear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/006—Preventing damaging, e.g. of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53245—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9513—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于连接至构件(30)的附件(10)。附件(10)具有附件纵轴线(A)和将借助扭振超声焊被焊接至构件(30)的焊接部(11)。所述焊接部(11)具有用于接触扭振超声焊极(70)的接触表面(12)和用于连接至所述构件(30)的焊接表面(13)。所述焊接部(11)至少部分通过内侧振动解耦区(14)界定。所述内侧振动解耦区(14)至少部分倾斜或平行地延伸。本发明还涉及用于将这样的附件(10)连接至构件(30)的方法，包括以下步骤：a)使所述附件(10)的焊接表面(13)接触所述构件(30)的焊接区(31)，b)借助扭振超声焊极(70)将力施加至所述接触表面(12)，使得所述焊接表面(13)压靠在所述焊接区(31)上，和c)借助所述扭振超声焊极(70)将扭转超声振动引入所述焊接部(11)，使得所述焊接表面(13)被焊接至所述焊接区(31)。本发明还涉及组合件(90)，其包含附件(10)和构件(30)。

Description

用于连接至构件的附件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于连接至构件的附件、用于将这样的附件连接至构件的方法以及包括这样的附件和构件的组合件。构件例如可以是机动车的外饰件或内饰件，例如保险杠、侧仪表板、导流器或车门槛。附件可以是用于紧固功能件例如距离传感器的紧固件。
背景技术
在汽车制造业，附件通常安装在构件上。例如，紧固件安装在保险杠上，然后紧固件就其部分而言保持一个或多个距离传感器。这样的距离传感器可以是PDC(“停车距离控制”)系统或PLA(“停车辅助”)系统的一部分。长久以来，这样的附件已经借助扭振超声焊成功地连接至构件。
例如EP2246178A1公开一种具有至少一个焊点的用于焊接至构件的附件。焊接通过扭振超声焊进行，其中将用于传导产生焊接过程的振动的超声焊极放置在焊点上，从而熔化在附件和构件之间的分界面并且将附件焊接至构件。附件上的焊点与附件的其余表面关于振动是解耦的。结果，超声焊极引入的能量很大程度被传导至焊点，并不会释放到附件的余下表面中。
从WO2010/100225A1中可知将构件紧固至功能件的超声焊接方法，其中构件被紧固在支架中，支架被连接至功能件。为了不必为支架待紧固至的功能件专门设计支架，且在支架上不需要大面积的结合或焊接表面，所用的方法是扭振超声焊，扭振超声焊极用于将焊接过程产生的振动传导至待焊接的支架，支架设有用于将扭振超声焊极的振动耦合至支架的第一耦合件和用于将由扭振超声焊极引起的第一耦合中的振动耦合进功能件的第二耦合件，从而在焊接过程期间，将扭振超声焊极的振动传导至耦合件，并通过耦合件传导至功能件，由此将支架焊接至功能件。
在DE102014226955A1中公开一种用于连接至构件的附件，其中附件具有借助于扭振超声焊焊接至功能件的焊接部，其中焊接部具有与扭振超声焊极接触的接触表面和连接至构件的相背的焊接表面。其中，焊接部至少部分地由外侧振动解耦区围绕。焊接部设计成环的形式并且至少部分地由环形的内侧振动解耦区界定。这样的附件可以牢固且可靠地焊接至构件。在这种情况下的焊接连接通过使用减小超声功率来产生。构件的相对、可见的表面不被超声焊接连接的产生所影响。有利地，如果相背、可见的表面已经设有一层漆，则情况也是如此。
由于汽车领域中各种形状在不断变化，故在许多情况下，附件、待紧固至其上的任何功能件和焊接所需的扭振超声焊极可定位在其中的空间非常有限。这是因为例如构件的预定曲率和边缘、例如保险杠在附件待紧固的点的区域中的预定曲率和边缘。此外，许多已知附件相当大且因更大的材料需求而也相当重。而且许多已知的附件相当坚硬，导致由构件中应变所造成的扭曲风险。例如这种扭曲可能发生在保险杠的可见侧。这些通常是喷漆的表面若位于直接可见区，则是特别重要的，这导致分类为“A级表面”和“B级表面”。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是克服这些情形的缺点并且尤其涉及提供用于连接至构件的附件、用于将附件连接至构件的方法，这使得有利的扭振超声焊还能够用于仅允许有限的空间的构件，在其中可以定位附件和待紧固其上的任何功能件，并且其中可以引入用于焊接的扭振超声焊极。有利地，附件尽可能小且轻，并且不是很坚硬，以防止构件发生扭曲。
在本发明的第一方面，通过用于连接至构件的附件实现此目的。附件具有附件纵轴线和将借助扭振超声焊被焊接至构件的焊接部。所述焊接部具有用于接触扭振超声焊极的接触表面和用于连接至所述构件的焊接表面。所述焊接部至少部分通过内侧振动解耦区界定。
根据本发明，内侧振动解耦区相对于附件纵轴线至少部分地倾斜或与其平行。在本发明的含义内，如果内侧振动解耦区与附件纵轴线之间形成的角度大于0°且小于90°，则内侧振动解耦区相对于附件纵轴线倾斜。这与在垂直于附件纵轴线的平面内延伸的内侧振动解耦区形成对比，比如上文引用的DE102014226955A1公开的内侧振动解耦区。
相对于附件纵轴线倾斜或平行具有的优点是：对于内侧振动解耦区的预定内径，可以使内侧振动解耦区的外径较小。因此，也可实现垂直于附件纵轴线的附件的较小的焊接部和较小的整体尺寸。较小的焊接部具有积极的效果，即可选定较小的扭振超声焊极，其可更容易地定位在构件容许的空间中。
反言之，相对于附件纵轴线倾斜或平行具有的优点是：对于内侧振动解耦区的预定外径，内侧振动解耦区的内径可以选定成更大，结果可以容纳更大的功能件，比如更大的距离传感器。
优选地，内侧振动解耦区大体设计呈锥形表面。这使得更容易制造附件，例如如果附件由塑料构成且通过注塑成型工艺制备。
内侧振动解耦区优选相对于附件纵轴线成角度延伸，该角度在3°至35°的范围内。角度越小，越节省垂直于附件纵轴线的空间。但是，至少3°的角度能够便于附件的一些实施例的制造。例如在注塑成型制造情况下，这样的角度可提供有利的脱模斜度。
根据有利的设计，内侧振动解耦区至少部分地围绕内侧附件部。优选地，内侧附件部整体通过关于传导振动的周向连续的内侧振动解耦区在很大程度上被解耦。结果，引入焊接部的超声能大部分传导至焊接表面。
焊接连接因此以较少的能耗安全且可靠的方式制造。
内侧附件部可具有关于内侧振动解耦区同心布置的通孔。附件中设有中心通孔能够减少重量。
根据又一设计，内侧附件部具有多个紧固部，紧固部相对于通孔同心布置以用于紧固设计为对应于紧固部的功能件。功能件例如可以是机动车的距离传感器。紧固部可包括保持锁定凸耳，该保持锁定凸耳大体上平行于附件纵轴线延伸。
有利地，焊接部至少部分地由外侧振动解耦区围绕。由此可以减少将振动引入外侧附件部，如下所述。
根据又一有利的设计，外侧附件部至少部分地在外侧振动解耦区的径向外侧延伸。外侧附件部不需要关于附件纵轴线旋转对称。在一些实施例中，外侧振动解耦区由外侧附件部围绕。外侧附件部可关于附件纵轴线旋转对称或者具有不同的几何结构(取决于附件待连接至其上的构件的几何结构)。
根据本发明的又一尤其有利的设计，内侧振动解耦区和/或外侧振动解耦区由多个解耦开口和/或一个或多个材料变薄区形成。解耦开口例如可以是圆形、梯形、椭圆形或呈槽形式。第二通孔的设计取决于用于制造附件的材料硬度及其厚度。
根据又一有利设计，焊接表面由从焊接部延伸出的至少一个肋形成。适当地，肋相对于附件纵轴线同心延伸。肋可是周向的。肋可由多个周向布置的肋部构成。适当地，肋在横截面上呈锥形逐渐缩窄并具有用于抵靠至构件的抵靠表面。结果，在开始扭振超声焊时，肋和构件之间的接触表面首先变小，使得高超声能和高压开始作用在接触表面。这促进并加快了焊接过程。
根据又一有利的设计，焊接部和外侧附件部设计为同一板。尤其是，外侧附件部被设计成在紧固状态下使其位于构件的表面上，尤其是内表面。外侧附件部尤其可用于产生至构件的结合连接。这样的结合连接例如在维修的情况下是必要的。
附件优选由塑料构成。这通过扭振超声焊提供了与构件的可靠连接，尤其是如果构件同样由塑料构成。附件例如可通过注塑成型工艺制备。
在附件纵轴线方向，附件可具有至少10毫米、优选至少20毫米、尤其优选至少40毫米的高度。相对于附件纵轴线垂直时，附件可具有至少15毫米的长度。焊接部可具有在0.8毫米至3.0毫米范围内、尤其在1.0毫米至1.6毫米范围内的厚度。
本发明的另一方面涉及用于将根据本发明的附件连接至构件的方法，具有以下步骤：
a)使附件的焊接表面接触构件的焊接区，
b)借助扭振超声焊极将力施加在接触表面上，使得焊接表面压靠至焊接区上.和
c)借助扭振超声焊极将扭转超声振动引入焊接部，使得焊接表面焊接至焊接区。
根据本发明，扭振超声焊方法因此用于产生附件与构件的连接，附件具有焊接部并且至少部分由内侧振动解耦区界定，内侧振动解耦区至少部分相对于附件纵轴线倾斜或与其平行。由此获得上文所述的优点。尤其是，可能用于仅允许有限空间的构件，可以在其中定位附件、任何待紧固其上的功能件和焊接所需的扭振超声焊极。
在构件允许的范围内，在一些情况下可能是有利的，如果在步骤b)之前，通过扭振超声焊极的作用使构件的至少一部分变形，使得扭振超声焊极能与接触表面接触。在步骤c)之前和/或期间和/或之后，变形可以至少部分地逆转。作为这样暂时变形的结果，根据本发明的方法还可接近另一构件。
扭振超声焊极可具有扭振超声焊极纵轴线，该纵轴线与由扭振超声焊极产生的扭振振动的扭转轴线是重合的。扭振超声焊极可具有工作表面，在步骤b)和c)中，该工作表面被压在附件的接触表面上。工作表面可以设计为环状。工作表面可以垂直于超声焊极纵轴线或关于超声焊极纵轴线具有不同的圆柱对称的三维形状。
扭振超声焊极还可具有用于在步骤c)期间至少部分容纳附件的腔。为了进一步方便定位扭振超声焊极、或者甚至使其成为可能，腔可以由壁周向界定，其外侧在超声焊极纵轴线方向上并远离工作表面地至少部分地加宽。然后仅需要将布置在加宽部和工作表面之间的壁部分以及由此的接触表面将引入可受构件的几何结构限制的空间。
为了使得能够接近受构件的几何结构限制的空间，如果在步骤c)之前，超声焊极纵轴线相对于附件纵轴线至少暂时成一个优选小于20°的角度布置，则同样是有利的。
本发明的另一方面是组合件，其包括根据本发明的附件和构件，其中附件的焊接表面被焊接至构件的焊接区。组合件例如可通过根据本发明的方法制造。
在根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的组合件二者中，构件可以是机动车的外饰件或内饰件，例如保险杠、侧仪表板、导流器或车门槛。附件可以是用于紧固功能件如距离传感器的紧固件。
附图说明
在下文的实施例和附图中进一步详细阐释本发明。附图示出：
图1：根据本发明的附件的立体图；
图2：附件的侧视图；
图3：附件的俯视图；
图4：附件的仰视图；
图5：在第一时间点的根据本发明的用于将附件连接至保险杠的方法；
图6：在随后的第二时间点的根据本发明的方法。
具体实施方式
图1-4所示的附件10例如由塑料构成并可通过注塑成型工艺制得，其包括用于接触扭振超声焊极70(参见图5和图6)的焊接部11。焊接部11相对于附件纵轴线A垂直定向并且具有接触表面12，接触表面大体设计呈环形以接触扭振超声焊极70。与接触表面12相对的是用于连接至构件30(还参见图5和图6)的焊接表面13。焊接表面13由从焊接部11延伸出的肋13形成。
焊接部11向内由内侧振动解耦区14界定且部分向外由外侧振动解耦区18围绕，外侧振动解耦区部分转而由外侧附件部21围绕。焊接部11和外侧附件部21形成尤其平坦的同一平板。内侧振动解耦区14相对于附件纵轴线A倾斜。更准确地说，内侧振动解耦区14大体设计呈锥形周面并相对于附件纵轴线A成一个角度α延伸，该角度可以在3°至35°范围内。该倾斜带来的优点是：对于预定内径的内侧振动解耦区14，可以实现更小外径的内侧振动解耦区14；对于预定外径内的侧振动解耦区14，内侧振动解耦区14选定的内径可以更大。
内侧振动解耦区14围绕内侧附件部15，内侧附件部15具有关于附件纵轴线A同心布置的通孔16。内侧附件部15具有多个呈保持锁定凸耳17形式的紧固部，其相对于附件纵轴线A同心布置以用于紧固设计为对应于保持锁定凸耳17的功能部如距离传感器。
内侧振动解耦区14和外侧振动解耦区18分别由相邻布置的多个椭圆形振动解耦区19、20形成。通孔20各自关于附件纵轴线A同心地形成扇形区。
在附件纵轴线A的方向上，附件10具有高度h＝25毫米，相对于附件纵轴线A垂直地延伸长度a＝35毫米。焊接部11具有厚度d＝1.0毫米。附件10相对小而轻并且不是很坚硬，从而能够防止保险杠30不期望的变形。
图5示出根据本发明方法的一部分，该方法用于在第一时间点产生如图1至4所示地将附件10超声焊接连接到保险杠30。
用于焊接的扭振超声焊极70包括超声焊极纵轴线S，其与由扭振超声焊极实现的扭振振动的扭转轴线是重合的。扭振超声焊极还包括工作表面71，其是平坦的并且设计为环的形式，并且其垂直于超声焊极纵轴线S。此外，扭振超声焊极包括腔72。腔72在周向上由壁73界定，该壁的外侧74在超声焊极纵轴线S方向上且远离工作表面71地部分加宽。
为了产生超声焊接连接，在步骤a)中，将附件10这样放在保险杠30上以使得附件10的焊接表面13与保险杠30的焊接区31接触。
然后，在步骤b)中，保险杠30的一部分在扭振超声焊极70的作用下变形以使得扭振超声焊极70能与接触表面12接触(参见图5)。在这种情况下，超声焊极纵轴线S相对于附件纵轴线A成角度β布置，该角度优选小于20°。借助于扭振超声焊极70，然后将力施加在接触表面12上，使得焊接表面13完全压靠至焊接区31。
随后，在步骤c)中，如图6所示，借助于扭振超声焊极70将扭转超声振动引入焊接部11，结果焊接表面13焊接至焊接区31。在这种情况下，附件纵轴线A和超声焊极纵轴线S重合，附件10部分容纳在腔72中，外侧附件部21抵靠至保险杠30的内表面33。
通过该方法获得了根据本发明的组合件90，其由保险杠30和连接至其的附件10构成。距离传感器可以借助于保持锁定凸耳17紧固至附件10，并由此直接紧固至保险杠30。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于连接至构件(30)的附件(10)，其中，
-所述附件(10)具有附件纵轴线(A)和将借助扭振超声焊被焊接至所述构件(30)的焊接部(11)，
-所述焊接部(11)具有用于接触扭振超声焊极(70)的接触表面(12)和用于连接至所述构件(30)的焊接表面(13)，和
-所述焊接部(11)至少部分通过内侧振动解耦区(14)界定，
其特征在于，所述内侧振动解耦区(14)相对于所述附件纵轴线(A)至少局部倾斜或平行地延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的附件(10)，其中所述内侧振动解耦区(14)大体设计为锥形周面。
3.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中所述内侧振动解耦区(14)相对于所述附件纵轴线(A)成一个角度(α)延伸，该角度在3°至35°范围内。
4.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中所述内侧振动解耦区(14)至少局部围绕内侧附件部(15)，所述内侧附件部尤其具有相对于所述附件纵轴线(A)同心布置的通孔(16)。
5.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中所述内侧附件部(15)具有关于所述附件纵轴线(A)同心布置的多个紧固部(17)以用于紧固对应于所述紧固部(17)所设计的功能件。
6.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中，所述焊接部(11)至少局部被外侧振动解耦区(18)围绕。
7.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中，所述内侧振动解耦区(14)和/或外侧振动解耦区(18)由多个解耦开口(19，20)和/或由一个或多个材料变薄区形成。
8.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中，所述焊接表面(13)由从所述焊接部(11)延伸出的至少一个肋(13)形成。
9.根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)，其中所述附件(10)由塑料构成。
10.一种将根据在前任一项权利要求所述的附件(10)连接至构件(30)的方法，具有以下步骤：
a)使所述附件(10)的焊接表面(13)接触所述构件(30)的焊接区(31)，
b)借助于扭振超声焊极(70)将力施加至所述接触表面(12)，使得所述焊接表面(13)压靠于所述焊接区(31)，和
c)借助于所述扭振超声焊极(70)将扭转超声振动引入所述焊接部(11)，使得所述焊接表面(13)焊接至所述焊接区(31)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，在步骤b)之前，通过所述扭振超声焊极(70)的作用使所述构件(30)的至少一部分(32)变形，从而能使所述扭振超声焊极(70)与所述接触表面(12)接触。
12.根据权利要求10和11中任一项所述的方法，其中，
-所述扭振超声焊极(70)具有用于在步骤c)期间至少部分容纳所述附件(10)的腔(72)，并且
-所述腔(72)在周向上由壁(73)界定，所述壁的外侧(74)在所述超声焊极纵轴线(S)方向上且远离所述工作表面(71)地至少部分加宽。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述扭振超声焊极(70)具有超声焊极纵轴线(S)，并且在步骤c)之前，所述超声焊极纵轴线(S)至少暂时相对于所述附件纵轴线(A)成一个角度(β)布置，该角度优选小于20°。
14.根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述构件(30)是机动车的外饰件或内饰件，例如保险杠(30)、侧仪表板、导流器或车门槛，并且该附件(10)是用于紧固功能件如距离传感器的紧固件(10)。
15.一种组合件(90)，包括如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的附件(10)和构件(30)，其中所述焊接表面(13)尤其以如权利要求10至14中任一项所述的方法被焊接至所述构件(30)的焊接区(31)，其中所述构件(30)尤其是机动车的外饰件或内饰件，例如保险杠、侧仪表板、导流器或车门槛，并且该附件是用于紧固功能件如距离传感器的紧固件(10)。
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