CN110444626A - Si衬底InGaN可见光探测器及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
Si衬底InGaN可见光探测器及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Si衬底InGaN可见光探测器及制备方法与应用,所述探测器包括从下到上依次排布的Si衬底、缓冲层、InGaN功能层和Ni/Au金属层电极,所述缓冲层为从下到上依次排布的AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层;在Si衬底上外延生长缓冲层,在缓冲层上生长InGaN功能层;在InGaN功能层上表面进行光刻,确定电极形状,将Ni/Au金属层电极蒸镀在InGaN功能层上表面。优化探测器件的芯片参数,提升了可见光波段的量子效率;在探测芯片表面进行可见光增敏微纳结构设计,有效降低表面对可见光的反射损耗,增强可见光谐振吸收,实现高灵敏度高带宽探测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可见光探测器领域,特别涉及一种Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
III族氮化物半导体材料(主要包括 GaN,InN,AlN 以及它们形成的三元或多元合金材料)拥有优良的光学、电学、热学、化学、机械性能,因此,Ⅲ族氮化物光电器件和功率器件得到了国内外科研人员的广泛关注和重点研究。随着新型固态照明的快速发展,可见光通信技术应运而生。可见光通信能够在提供照明的同时,实现高速的数据传输,并且可见光通信具有频谱宽、无电磁干扰等优点,可以实现近距离时高速安全稳定的通信体验。
目前,探测可见光波段光信号最为常用的探测器是光电倍增管和 Si 基探测器。虽然光电倍增管具有暗电流低、响应速度快、稳定性高、电流增益高等优点,但是价格昂贵、容易破损、能耗较大、体积庞大等缺点大大限制了其实际应用。同样,Si 基光电二极管也有自身的局限性,它只有在加装了价格昂贵的滤光系统后才能实现对可见光波段的探测,这大大增加了使用成本。此外 Si 材料的抗辐射能力弱,这又大大限制了 Si基探测器在极端条件下的应用。
作为第三代半导体材料研究热点之一的 InGaN 材料拥有良好的物理化学性质。它的电子迁移率高、热稳定性好、化学稳定性好。可以通过调整合金中 In的组分,实现禁带宽度从 3.4 eV 到 0.7 eV 的连续调节,从而使得 InGaN 探测器能够实现覆盖整个可见光波段的连续探测,相比光电倍增管,InGaN 探测器具有体积小、易携带、易集成、击穿电场高(> 1 MV/cm)、工作电压低、节能环保、无需滤光系统等优势。相比于Si,InGaN 探测器的外量子效率高,并且 InGaN 探测器的反应速度快,InGaN 探测器可以避免在探测系统中增加昂贵的滤波器,将成本大幅度降低。
虽然 InGaN 基探测器研究取得了显著成果,但是到目前为止还没有实现商品转化。制约 InGaN 探测器发展和应用的根本问题是材料质量问题,关键问题是器件优化问题。本发明具有生长InGaN薄膜质量好,量子效率高,响应速度快、带宽高等优点。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器及制备方法与应用,Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器具有生长InGaN薄膜质量好,器件的外量子效率高,响应速度快和带宽高等优点。
本发明的目的至少是通过以下技术方案之一实现的。
本发明提供了一种Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,包括从下到上依次排布的Si衬底、缓冲层、InGaN功能层和Ni/Au金属层电极,所述缓冲层为从下到上依次排布的AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层,InGaN功能层中In组分的摩尔分数为10~60%。
优选地,缓冲层中AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的厚度分别为200~300 nm、500~600 nm、2~3 μm。
优选地,InGaN功能层的厚度为10~15 nm。
优选地,Ni/Au金属层电极为叉指电极;Ni/Au金属层电极中Ni金属层的厚度为80~100nm,Au金属层的厚度为80~100nm。
本发明还提供了制备所述Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)针对 Si 衬底与 InGaN 材料之间晶格失配(>17%)和热失配(>54%)较大从而导致高密度缺陷和裂纹的问题,通过设计AlN/AlGaN/GaN 缓冲层,控制外延层的应力和缺陷密度,在Si衬底上采用MOCVD方法外延生长缓冲层,在缓冲层上采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层;
(2)在InGaN功能层上表面进行光刻,在InGaN功能层上表面匀胶、烘干、曝光、显影和氧离子处理,确定电极形状,并通过蒸镀工艺将Ni/Au金属层电极蒸镀在InGaN功能层上表面。改变光刻曝光时间、烘胶时间、显影时间、氧离子处理时间、电极材料种类、电极厚度,蒸镀速率等工艺,探究其对 InGaN 探测器性能的影响,提升 Si衬底上 InGaN 可见光探测器的灵敏度和带宽,实现高性能可见光探测器。
优选地,采用MOCVD方法在Si衬底上从下到上依次外延生长AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的温度分别为1000~1100℃、1000~1100℃和900~1050℃。
优选地,采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层时温度为200~400℃, 激光能量为2~5 J/cm2。
优选地,电极的蒸镀速率为0.18~0.225 nm/min。
优选地,先蒸镀Ni金属层再蒸镀Au金属层。
优选地,烘干时间为40-50 s,曝光时间为5-10 s,显影时间为40-50 s,氧离子处理时间为2~3 min。
本发明还提供了所述的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在可见光探测中的应用。
和现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果和优点:
(1)本发明提供的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的制备方法,先在采用 MOCVD 高温外延方法在Si衬底上生长AlN/AlGaN/GaN 缓冲层,过滤位错,释放应力,使缺陷密度由109减小到106,再结合 PLD 低温外延方法,在缓冲层上生长高质量 InGaN 材料,再通过光刻蒸镀工艺,在 InGaN上制作Ni/Au肖特基接触电极,10-6A减小到10-7A,增强载流子注入效率,减小漏电,实现了Si衬底上 InGaN 可见光探测器;所述制备方法具有工艺简单、省时高效以及能耗低的特点,有利于规模化生产。
(2)本发明提供的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器制备方法实现通过 InGaN 材料的In 组分调控,在可见光波段的高速响应;通过 InGaN 材料组分的和缺陷密度控制,实现高质量组分可控 InGaN 材料生长;在此基础上优化设计可见光探测器与阵列结构,有效提高响应速度。
(3)本发明提供的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器制备方法实现通过优化探测器件的芯片参数,在探测芯片表面进行可见光增敏微纳结构设计,有效降低表面对可见光的反射损耗,增强可见光谐振吸收,实现高灵敏度高带宽探测。
附图说明
图1为本发明的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的结构剖面示意图;
图2为本发明的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的电极结构的俯视面示意图;
图3为实施1所制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的X射线衍射图谱;
图4为实施例1制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的PL曲线图;
图5为实施例2制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的PL曲线图;
图6为实施例3制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的PL曲线图;
图7为实施例1制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的光电流曲线图;
图8为实施例2制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的光电流曲线图;
图9为实施例3制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的光电流曲线图;
图10为实施例1制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的暗电流曲线图;
附图1中:1-Si衬底、2-缓冲层、3-InGaN 功能层、4-Ni/Au金属层电极。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,如图1所示,包括从下到上依次排布的Si衬底1、缓冲层2和InGaN功能层3,InGaN功能层3的上表面连接Ni/Au金属层电极4,所述缓冲层2为从下到上依次排布的AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层。缓冲层2中AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的厚度分别为200 nm、500 nm、2 μm。InGaN功能层3的厚度为10 nm;InGaN功能层3中In组分的摩尔分数为10%。Ni/Au金属层电极4中Ni金属层的厚度为80nm,Au金属层的厚度为80nm。
本实施例还提供了所述Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在Si衬底1上采用MOCVD方法外延生长缓冲层2,在缓冲层2上采用PLD方法生长InGaN功能层3;
(2)在InGaN功能层3上表面进行光刻,在InGaN功能层3上表面匀胶、烘干40 s、曝光5s、显影40 s和氧离子处理2 min,确定电极形状,如图2所示,所述电极为叉指电极,通过蒸镀工艺将Ni/Au金属层电极4蒸镀在InGaN功能层3上表面。
采用MOCVD方法在衬底上从下到上依次外延生长AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的温度分别为1000℃、1000℃和900℃。采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层时温度为400℃,激光能量为2J/cm2。电极的蒸镀速率为0.18 nm/min。
将制备得到的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器进行测试。
图3为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的X射线衍射图谱,可见,通过MOCVD 高温外延方法再结合 PLD 低温外延方法,在Si衬底上生长出质量较好的AlN/AlGaN/GaN 缓冲层和质量较好的InGaN功能层。
图4为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器所测得的PL曲线。由曲线可看出,实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在396 nm波段有明显的波峰,说明该探测器在紫光波段范围都有较好的响应。
图7为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器所测得的光电流曲线。由曲线可看出,实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在398 nm波段有明显的波峰,光电流为0.07076 A。测试表明该光电探测器在紫光波段范围有高的光电流,说明该光电探测器有较高的灵敏度。
图10为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的暗电流曲线,由图可见,制作电极为肖特基接触,暗电流达到10-7A,说明载流子注入效率高,该探测器外延在可见光波段拥有高速的响应。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,如图1所示,包括从下到上依次排布的Si衬底1、缓冲层2和InGaN功能层3,InGaN功能层3的上表面连接Ni/Au金属层电极4,所述缓冲层2为从下到上依次排布的AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层。缓冲层2中AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的厚度分别为250 nm、550 nm、2.5 μm。InGaN功能层3的厚度为12.5 nm;InGaN功能层3中In组分的摩尔分数为24%。Ni/Au金属层电极4中Ni金属层的厚度为90nm,Au金属层的厚度为90nm。
本实施例还提供了所述Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在Si衬底1上采用MOCVD方法外延生长缓冲层2,在缓冲层2上采用PLD方法生长InGaN功能层3;
(2)在InGaN功能层3上表面进行光刻,在InGaN功能层3上表面匀胶、烘干45 s、曝光7s、显影47 s和氧离子处理2.5 min,确定电极形状,如图2所示,并通过蒸镀工艺将Ni/Au金属层电极4蒸镀在InGaN功能层3上表面。
采用MOCVD方法在衬底上从下到上依次外延生长AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的温度分别为1050℃、1050℃和950℃。采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层时温度为250℃。激光能量为3J/cm2, 电极的蒸镀速率为0.20 nm/min。
将制备得到的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器进行测试。
本实施例制备的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的性能测试效果与实施例相似,具体性能可参照实施例1的相应描述和附图。
图5为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器所测得的PL曲线。由曲线可看出,该实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在456 nm波段有明显的波峰,说明该探测器在蓝光波段范围有较高的响应。
图8为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器所测得的光电流曲线。由曲线可看出,实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在457 nm波段有明显的波峰,光电流为0.07061 A。测试表明该光电探测器在蓝光波段范围有较高的光电流,说明该光电探测器有较高的灵敏度。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,如图1所示,包括从下到上依次排布的Si衬底1、缓冲层2和InGaN功能层3,InGaN功能层3的上表面连接Ni/Au金属层电极4,所述缓冲层2为从下到上依次排布的AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层。缓冲层2中AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的厚度分别为300 nm、600 nm、3 μm。InGaN功能层3的厚度为15 nm;InGaN功能层3中In组分的摩尔分数为56%。Ni/Au金属层电极4中Ni金属层的厚度为100nm,Au金属层的厚度为100nm。
本实施例还提供了所述Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在Si衬底1上采用MOCVD方法外延生长缓冲层2,在缓冲层2上采用PLD方法生长InGaN功能层3;
(2)在InGaN功能层3上表面进行光刻,在InGaN功能层3上表面匀胶、烘干50 s、曝光10s、显影50 s和氧离子处理3 min,确定电极形状,如图2所示,并通过蒸镀工艺将Ni/Au金属层电极4蒸镀在InGaN功能层3上表面。
采用MOCVD方法在衬底上从下到上依次外延生长AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的温度分别为1100℃、1100℃和1000℃。采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层时温度为200℃,激光能量为5 J/cm2。电极的蒸镀速率为0.225 nm/min。
将制备得到的Si衬底InGaN可见光探测器进行测试。
本实施例制备的Si衬底InGaN可见光探测器的性能测试效果与实施例相似,具体性能可参照实施例1的相应描述和附图。
图6为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器所测得的PL曲线。由曲线可看出,实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在654 nm波段有明显的波峰,说明该探测器在红光波段范围都有较高的响应。这说明该探测器在可见光波段拥有高带宽。
图9为本实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器所测得的光电流曲线。由曲线可看出,实施例所得Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在658 nm波段有明显的波峰,光电流为0.07053 A。测试表明该光电探测器在红光波段范围具有高的光电流,说明该光电探测器有较高的灵敏度。
通过上述三个实施例可以看出,该探测器在可见光波段范围都有较高的响应。这说明该探测器在可见光波段拥有较高的带宽和灵敏度。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,其特征在于,包括从下到上依次排布的Si衬底、缓冲层、InGaN功能层和Ni/Au金属层电极,所述缓冲层为从下到上依次排布的AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层,InGaN功能层中In组分的摩尔分数为10~60%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,其特征在于,缓冲层中AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的厚度分别为200~300 nm、500~600 nm、2~3 μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,其特征在于,InGaN功能层的厚度为10~15 nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器,其特征在于,Ni/Au金属层电极为叉指电极;Ni/Au金属层电极中Ni金属层的厚度为80~100nm,Au金属层的厚度为80~100nm。
5.制备权利要求1至4任一项所述Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在Si衬底上采用MOCVD方法外延生长缓冲层,在缓冲层上采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层;
(2)在InGaN功能层上表面进行光刻,在InGaN功能层上表面匀胶、烘干、曝光、显影和氧离子处理,确定电极形状,并通过蒸镀工艺将Ni/Au金属层电极蒸镀在InGaN功能层上表面。
6.权利要求5所述的制备Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的方法,其特征在于,采用MOCVD方法在Si衬底上从下到上依次外延生长AlN层、AlGaN层和GaN层的温度分别为1000~1100℃、1000~1100℃和900~1050℃。
7.权利要求5所述的制备Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的方法,其特征在于,采用PLD方法生长 InGaN功能层时温度为200~400℃,激光能量为2~5 J/cm2。
8.权利要求5所述的制备Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的方法,其特征在于,电极的蒸镀速率为0.18~0.225 nm/min。
9.权利要求5所述的制备Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器的方法,其特征在于,烘干时间为40-50 s,曝光时间为5-10 s,显影时间为40-50 s,氧离子处理时间为2~3 min。
10.权利要求1所述的Si 衬底InGaN可见光探测器在可见光探测中的应用。
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