CN105405915A - 一种InGaN基蓝光探测器及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种InGaN基蓝光探测器及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105405915A
CN105405915A CN201510891176.5A CN201510891176A CN105405915A CN 105405915 A CN105405915 A CN 105405915A CN 201510891176 A CN201510891176 A CN 201510891176A CN 105405915 A CN105405915 A CN 105405915A
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李国强
张子辰
林志霆
陈淑琦
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种InGaN基蓝光探测器,包括衬底层,所述衬底层之上依次设有AlN层、非掺杂GaN层、Si掺杂的n-InGaN层;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的一侧表面上覆盖有i-InGaN层,另一侧表面覆盖有第一Au层;所述i-InGaN层的一部分表面覆盖有SiO2层,另一部分表面覆盖有第二Au层;所述SiO2层的上方设有第三Au层,所述第三Au层覆盖第二Au层的部分或全部表面;所述衬底层的下表面覆盖有Ag层。本发明还公开了上述InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法。本发明的InGaN基蓝光探测器,提高了探测器在蓝光波段峰值的外量子效率。

Description

一种InGaN基蓝光探测器及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及探测器的技术领域,特别涉及一种InGaN基蓝光探测器及其制备方法。
背景技术
可见光通信是照明与无线光通信交叉的前沿技术,既能照明又能实现绿色通信,还能缓解无线通信频谱资源短缺的困境,势将引起照明产业的深刻变革。实现无线光电通信在大容量移动通信、国防安全、智慧城市等国家重大需求应用上的产业化,推进无线光通信标准化,在激烈的国际竞争中争得话语权,抢占在国际新一代无线通信技术发展与应用中的学术和标准制高点。目前,用于可见光通信的探测器在灵敏度、响应速率及带宽存在明显的缺陷,作为信号接收端,传统的光电探测器已经难以满足技术提升的需要。因此,研究具有高速接收能力的探测器对保护民族可见光通信具有重要的战略意义。
现有的光探测器以Si基雪崩二极管探测器为主,其发展较早、制备工艺成熟且可探测较宽波段内的电磁波,基本满足可见光通信领域技术需求。然而Si基雪崩二极管是由表面或者纵向的PIN结构制备,其内部电流是由非平衡载流子的积累产生的电荷存储效应造成的,从本质上就存在响应时间长的缺点;其次由于Si本身的禁带宽度较窄,很难对蓝光波段的可见光进行有效的吸收;另外Si作为半导体材料对电磁波的吸收宽度很广,探测器识别和编译的调制光会有很大的噪声,为了避免这种噪声往往需要加入一层滤波片来过滤掉长波段的电磁波。因此,迫切需要设计一种针对蓝光波段的可见光探测器。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于一种InGaN基蓝光探测器,提高了探测器在蓝光波段峰值的外量子效率。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种InGaN基蓝光探测器,包括衬底层,所述衬底层之上依次设有AlN层、非掺杂GaN层、Si掺杂的n-InGaN层;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的一侧表面上覆盖有i-InGaN层,另一侧表面覆盖有第一Au层;所述i-InGaN层的一部分表面覆盖有SiO2层,另一部分表面覆盖有第二Au层;所述SiO2层的上方设有第三Au层,所述第三Au层覆盖第二Au层的部分或全部表面;所述衬底层的下表面覆盖有Ag层。
所述Ag层的厚度为1~3微米;所述衬底层的厚度为320~430微米;所述AlN层的厚度为100~200纳米;所述非掺杂GaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述i-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第一Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第二Au层的厚度为10~50纳米;所述第三Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述SiO2层的厚度与第二Au层的厚度相同。
所述衬底层为蓝宝石、Si、LiGaO3或La0.3Sr1.7AlTaO6衬底。
所述的InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在500~600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或者蒸镀的方法,在衬底层下表面镀一层银层,作为探测器镜子层;
(2)使用金属有机化合物化学气相沉积法在衬底层之上依次生长AlN层、非掺杂GaN层、Si掺杂的n-InGaN层、i-InGaN层;
其中,AlN层的生长温度为1000~1100℃;
非掺杂GaN层的生长温度为1050~1150℃,N源与Ga源比例为1000~2000;
Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的生长温度为950~1050℃,N源与Ga源比例为5000~10000;
i-InGaN层的生长温度为950~1050℃;
(3)使用掩膜版遮住i-InGaN层的左侧,在500~600℃的温度下,使用脉冲激光沉积方法在i-InGaN层上沉积第二Au层;随后,使用掩膜版遮住已沉积的第二Au层,在800~900℃的温度下,使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法在i-InGaN层上沉积与第二Au同等厚度的SiO2层,用做绝缘保护;
(4)使用掩膜版遮住第二Au层的右侧,在500~600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法,在SiO2层和第二Au层的表面生长第三Au层;
(5)使用掩膜版遮住第三Au层,在200℃的温度下,使用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀方法将第二Au层、i-InGaN层的右侧刻蚀掉,随后在500~600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法在探测器右侧生长第一Au层,作为正电极并形成欧姆接触。
所述Ag层的厚度为1~3微米;所述衬底层的厚度为320~430微米;所述AlN层的厚度为100~200纳米;所述非掺杂GaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述i-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第一Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第二Au层的厚度为10~50纳米;所述第三Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述SiO2层的厚度与第二Au层的厚度相同。
所述衬底层为蓝宝石、Si、LiGaO3或La0.3Sr1.7AlTaO6衬底。
本发明的原理如下:本发明使用InGaN材料制备“金属-i层-n层”结构的金属半导体光电二极管,在电极中一端制备肖特基接触,形成肖特基势垒二极管,另一端形成欧姆接触,提高了探测器的蓝光波段峰值外量子效率。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明采用了金属-半导体结构,相对于传统的PIN结构,金属和半导体界面产生了肖特基接触,有效避免了电荷存储效应,其制备的探测器响应速度快于PIN结构。
(2)本发明采用了InGaN材料作为吸收材料,因为InGaN的禁带宽度可以根据In组分的不同从0.77eV到3.42eV之间连续变化,可以对波长为362nm到1610nm的光进行有效的吸收和调制。
(3)本发明采用含有特定In含量的InGaN材料,可以对蓝光波段进行直接有效的吸收和调制,因此也不需要对探测器额外添加滤波片等装置。
(4)本发明提高了探测器在蓝光波段峰值外量子效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例的InGaN基蓝光探测器的示意图,1是Ag层,2是蓝宝石衬底层,3是AlN层,4是非掺杂GaN层层,5是Si掺杂的n-InGaN层层,6是i-InGaN层,7是第一Au层,8是第二Au层,9是SiO2层,10是第三Au层。
图2为本发明的实施例1的InGaN基蓝光探测器的外量子效率图。
图3为本发明的实施例2的InGaN基蓝光探测器的外量子效率图。
图4为本发明的实施例2的i-InGaN层的XRD图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在500℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或者蒸镀的方法,在蓝宝石衬底背面镀一层厚度为1微米的银层,作为探测器镜子层,可将进入探测器但未被吸收的光反射回表面进行多次吸收,从而提高量子效率。
(2)使用金属有机化合物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)的方法在蓝宝石衬底正面依次在1000℃下生长厚度为100纳米的氮化铝(AlN)薄膜;在1050℃下厚度为1微米的非掺杂氮化镓(u-GaN)层,其N源比Ga源比例为1000;在950℃下厚度为1微米的硅(Si)掺杂电子型铟镓氮(n-InGaN)层,其N源比Ga源比例为5000;950℃下厚度为100纳米厚的本征铟镓氮(i-InGaN)层。
(3)使用掩膜版遮住i-InGaN层的左侧探测器左侧,然后在500℃的温度下,使用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法沉积一层厚度为10纳米的第二Au层,用以形成肖特基接触,从而在金属和半导体界面处形成肖特基势垒。薄的Au层可以保证蓝光有效穿过金属层到达半导体表面。
随后,使用掩膜版遮住已沉积的第二Au层,在800℃的温度下,使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法沉积同等厚度的SiO2层,用做绝缘保护。
(4)使用掩膜版遮住第二Au层的右侧,在500℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法生长一层厚度为1微米的第三Au层,用作负电极。
(5)使用掩膜版遮住第三Au层,在200℃左右的温度下,使用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)方法将探测器刻蚀至n-InGaN层。随后在500℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法在探测器右侧生长一层厚度为1微米的第一Au层,作为正电极并形成欧姆接触。
如图1所示,本实施例制备的InGaN基蓝光探测器包括蓝宝石衬底层2,所述蓝宝石衬底层2之上依次设有AlN层3、非掺杂GaN层4、Si掺杂的n-InGaN层5;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的左侧表面上覆盖有i-InGaN层6,右侧表面覆盖有第一Au层7;所述i-InGaN层的一部分表面覆盖有SiO2层8,另一部分表面覆盖有第二Au层9;所述SiO2层8的上方设有第三Au层10,所述第三Au层10覆盖第二Au层9的部分或全部表面;所述衬底层的下表面覆盖有Ag层1。
本实施例制备的InGaN基蓝光探测器的外量子效率数据见图2,由图可知,探测器在蓝光波段的外量子效率为45%。
实施例2
本实施例的InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或者蒸镀的方法,在蓝宝石衬底背面镀一层厚度为3微米的银层,作为探测器镜子层,可将进入探测器但未被吸收的光反射回表面进行多次吸收,从而提高量子效率。
(2)使用金属有机化合物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)的方法在蓝宝石衬底正面依次在1100℃下生长厚度为200纳米的氮化铝(AlN)薄膜;在1150℃下厚度为3微米的非掺杂氮化镓(u-GaN)层,其N源比Ga源比例为2000;在1050℃下生长厚度为3微米的硅(Si)掺杂电子型铟镓氮(n-InGaN)层,其N源比Ga源比例为10000;在1050℃下生长厚度为1000纳米厚的本征铟镓氮(i-InGaN)层。
(3)使用掩膜版遮住i-InGaN层的左侧探测器左侧,然后在600℃的温度下,使用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法沉积一层厚度为50纳米的第二Au层,用以形成肖特基接触,从而在金属和半导体界面处形成肖特基势垒。薄的Au层可以保证蓝光有效穿过金属层到达半导体表面。
随后,使用掩膜版遮住已沉积的第二Au层,在900℃的温度下,使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法沉积同等厚度的SiO2层,用做绝缘保护。
(4)使用掩膜版遮住第二Au层的右侧,在600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法生长一层厚度为3微米的第三Au层,用作负电极。
(5)使用掩膜版遮住第三Au层,在200℃左右的温度下,使用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)方法将探测器刻蚀至n-InGaN层。随后在600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法在探测器右侧生长一层厚度为3微米的第一Au层,作为正电极并形成欧姆接触。
本实施例制备的InGaN基蓝光探测器的外量子效率数据见图3,由图可知,探测器在蓝光波段的外量子效率为60%。
本实施例制备的i-InGaN层的XRD图数据见图4,由图可见,θ=33°的InGaN峰以及2θ=35°的GaN峰。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制,如,所述衬底层还可为Si、LiGaO3、La0.3Sr1.7AlTaO6衬底或其他衬底,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种InGaN基蓝光探测器,其特征在于,包括衬底层,所述衬底层之上依次设有AlN层、非掺杂GaN层、Si掺杂的n-InGaN层;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的一侧表面上覆盖有i-InGaN层,另一侧表面覆盖有第一Au层;所述i-InGaN层的一部分表面覆盖有SiO2层,另一部分表面覆盖有第二Au层;所述SiO2层的上方设有第三Au层,所述第三Au层覆盖第二Au层的部分或全部表面;所述衬底层的下表面覆盖有Ag层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的InGaN基蓝光探测器,其特征在于,所述Ag层的厚度为1~3微米;所述衬底层的厚度为320~430微米;所述AlN层的厚度为100~200纳米;所述非掺杂GaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述i-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第一Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第二Au层的厚度为10~50纳米;所述第三Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述SiO2层的厚度与第二Au层的厚度相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的InGaN基蓝光探测器,其特征在于,所述衬底层为蓝宝石、Si、LiGaO3或La0.3Sr1.7AlTaO6衬底。
4.权利要求1所述的InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在500~600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或者蒸镀的方法,在衬底层下表面镀一层银层,作为探测器镜子层;
(2)使用金属有机化合物化学气相沉积法在衬底层之上依次生长AlN层、非掺杂GaN层、Si掺杂的n-InGaN层、i-InGaN层;
其中,AlN层的生长温度为1000~1100℃;
非掺杂GaN层的生长温度为1050~1150℃,N源与Ga源比例为1000~2000;
Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的生长温度为950~1050℃,N源与Ga源比例为5000~10000;
i-InGaN层的生长温度为950~1050℃;
(3)使用掩膜版遮住i-InGaN层的左侧,在500~600℃的温度下,使用脉冲激光沉积方法在i-InGaN层上沉积第二Au层;随后,使用掩膜版遮住已沉积的第二Au层,在800~900℃的温度下,使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法在i-InGaN层上沉积与第二Au同等厚度的SiO2层,用做绝缘保护;
(4)使用掩膜版遮住第二Au层的右侧,在500~600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法,在SiO2层和第二Au层的表面生长第三Au层;
(5)使用掩膜版遮住第三Au层,在200℃的温度下,使用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀方法将第二Au层、i-InGaN层的右侧刻蚀掉,随后在500~600℃的温度下,使用磁控溅射或蒸镀的方法在探测器右侧生长第一Au层,作为正电极并形成欧姆接触。
5.根据权利要求4所述的InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Ag层的厚度为1~3微米;所述衬底层的厚度为320~430微米;所述AlN层的厚度为100~200纳米;所述非掺杂GaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述Si掺杂的n-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述i-InGaN层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第一Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述第二Au层的厚度为10~50纳米;所述第三Au层的厚度为1~3微米;所述SiO2层的厚度与第二Au层的厚度相同。
6.根据权利要求4所述的InGaN基蓝光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述衬底层为蓝宝石、Si、LiGaO3或La0.3Sr1.7AlTaO6衬底。
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