CN110437411A - 一种高硬度聚氨酯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高硬度聚氨酯及其制备方法，涉及高分子合成材料技术领域。具体包括A组分和B组分，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯30‑50份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇30‑50份；所述B组分包括扩链剂10‑15份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇10‑15份，钼5‑7份，石墨烯5‑7份，陶瓷粉5‑7份，石英粉5‑7份，催化剂3‑5份，抗氧化剂3‑5份。本发明的聚氨酯硬度高，且硬度可调节范围广，制备方法温度低，韧性强，应用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子合成材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种高硬度聚氨酯及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯，是在大分子主链中含有氨基甲酸酯基的聚合物称为聚氨基甲酸酯，聚氨酯分为聚酯型聚氨酯和聚醚型聚氨酯两大类。聚氨酯高分子材料由于其特有结构和性能，可设计性强，相对密度耐磨、耐水、软硬度可调，弹性及减震性等，通过选择原材料和合理最佳的配方可广泛应用于各个领域，具有重要的研究价值和广阔的应用前景。现有技术中，硬度较高的聚氨酯材料一般生产工艺中的温度也较高，制备过程也相对较复杂。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种硬度高、生产温度低的高硬度聚氨酯及其制备方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种高硬度聚氨酯，包括A组分和B组分，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯30-50份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇30-50份；所述B组分包括扩链剂10-15份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇10-15份，钼5-7份，石墨烯5-7份，陶瓷粉5-7份，石英粉5-7份，催化剂3-5份，抗氧化剂3-5份。
进一步地，按质量份数，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯30份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇30份；所述B组分包括扩链剂15份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇15份，钼7份，石墨烯7份，陶瓷粉7份，石英粉7份，催化剂5份，抗氧化剂5份。
进一步地，所述A组分中的NCO％含量为10-20％。
进一步地，所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇或1,6-己二醇中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述抗氧化剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂或含硫抗氧剂。
进一步地，所述催化剂为有机铋、有机锡或钛酸酯类催化剂。
本发明还提供一种高硬度聚氨酯的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：向装有搅拌器、温度计和真空管的三口瓶中加入聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇，将温度控制在100-120℃中脱水，再降温至80-85℃后，加入异氰酸酯并充分反应，测试NCO％含量后得到A组分备用；
S2：向脱水后的聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中加入扩链剂、催化剂、钼、石墨烯和陶瓷料混合后抽真空得到B组分备用；
S3：将A组分和B组分按配比量快速混合均匀，浇入90℃的模具中，在100-120℃下固化20-24h，再室温下放置1周。
本发明提供的一种高硬度聚氨酯及其制备方法，该聚氨酯与浇注尼龙比，制备过程的温度更低，韧性更强，制备过程简单，无后处理程序，机械化程度更高。另外，该聚氨酯硬度高，且硬度可调节范围更广，耐高温性能更高，可广泛应用于电梯、各类辊、轴承、脚轮、齿轮、冲压模具、防腐层等。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的高硬度聚氨酯，包括A组分和B组分，按质量份数，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯30份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇30份；所述B组分包括1,2-丙二醇15份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇15份，钼7份，石墨烯7份，陶瓷粉7份，石英粉7份，催化剂5份，抗氧化剂5份。
本实施例的高硬度聚氨酯的制备步骤为：
S1：向装有搅拌器、温度计和真空管的三口瓶中加入聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇，将温度控制在120℃中脱水，再降温至85℃后，加入异氰酸酯并充分反应，测试NCO％含量后得到A组分备用；
S2：向脱水后的聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中加入扩链剂、催化剂、钼、石墨烯和陶瓷料混合后抽真空得到B组分备用；
S3：将A组分和B组分按配比量快速混合均匀，浇入90℃的模具中，在120℃下固化24h，再室温下放置1周。
实施例2
本实施例的高硬度聚氨酯，包括A组分和B组分，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯35份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇35份；所述B组分包括乙二醇10份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇10份，钼6份，石墨烯6份，陶瓷粉6份，石英粉6份，催化剂5份，抗氧化剂3份。
本实施例2的高硬度聚氨酯的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例的高硬度聚氨酯，包括A组分和B组分，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯40份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇50份；所述B组分包括1,4-丁二醇12份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇12份，钼5份，石墨烯5份，陶瓷粉5份，石英粉5份，催化剂4份，抗氧化剂4份。
本实施例3的高硬度聚氨酯的制备方法同实施例1。
试验例1
将本实施例1-3的高硬度聚氨酯的硬度进行测试，将市面常用的聚氨酯作为对比例1，对其硬度进行测试，测试结果如下表1：
表1：
| 项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 |
| 硬度 | 60D | 70D | 75D | 85D |
| 流出温度/℃ | 190 | 195 | 205 | 220 |
| 注塑加工温度/℃ | 190-210 | 200-220 | 210-220 | 220-250 |
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种高硬度聚氨酯，其特征在于：包括A组分和B组分，按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯30-50份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇30-50份；所述B组分包括扩链剂10-15份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇10-15份，钼5-7份，石墨烯5-7份，陶瓷粉5-7份，石英粉5-7份，催化剂3-5份，抗氧化剂3-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度聚氨酯，其特征在于：按质量份数，所述A组分包括异氰酸酯30份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇30份；所述B组分包括扩链剂15份，聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇15份，钼7份，石墨烯7份，陶瓷粉7份，石英粉7份，催化剂5份，抗氧化剂5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种高硬度聚氨酯，其特征在于：所述A组分中的NCO％含量为10-20％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高硬度聚氨酯，其特征在于：所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇或1,6-己二醇中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的一种高硬度聚氨酯，其特征在于：所述抗氧化剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂或含硫抗氧剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高硬度聚氨酯，其特征在于：所述催化剂为有机铋、有机锡或钛酸酯类催化剂。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种高硬度聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1：向装有搅拌器、温度计和真空管的三口瓶中加入聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇，将温度控制在100-120℃中脱水，再降温至80-85℃后，加入异氰酸酯并充分反应，测试NCO％含量后得到A组分备用；
S2：向脱水后的聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中加入扩链剂、催化剂、钼、石墨烯和陶瓷料混合后抽真空得到B组分备用；
S3：将A组分和B组分按配比量快速混合均匀，浇入90℃的模具中，在100-120℃下固化20-24h，再室温下放置1周。
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