CN110418772A - 自然冷却陶瓷容器的制造方法 - Google Patents

自然冷却陶瓷容器的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN110418772A
CN110418772A CN201880010036.4A CN201880010036A CN110418772A CN 110418772 A CN110418772 A CN 110418772A CN 201880010036 A CN201880010036 A CN 201880010036A CN 110418772 A CN110418772 A CN 110418772A
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clay
container
injection forming
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S·史蒂文斯
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Magisso Oy
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Abstract

一种用于制造自然冷却陶瓷容器的方法，包括以下步骤：‑通过添加球粘土(高岭土)和/或石英(滑石)以及水和反絮凝剂来制备粘土体；‑通过以下成形方法即辊制、压铸和注浆成型中的至少一种，使用模具将所述粘土体成形成陶瓷容器的所需形状；‑使成形的粘土体脱模，并在高于室温的温度下干燥数小时；‑在窑中在高于1050℃的温度下对成形和干燥的粘土体进行第一次烧制，以获得素坯容器；‑将注浆成型粘土与所需的彩色颜料混合，以制成塑性有色注浆成型粘土；‑将所述素坯容器浸渍于所述有色注浆成型粘土中并立即进行干燥；以及‑在窑中在高于1000℃但低于所述第一次烧制的温度的温度下对其上具有干燥的有色注浆成型粘土的所述素坯容器进行第二次烧制。

Description

自然冷却陶瓷容器的制造方法
本发明涉及一种自然冷却陶瓷容器(receptacle)的制造方法。
这种容器可以用来让饮料和食物在较长时间内保持清凉，而不需要冷冻箱、冰箱或冰块。自然冷却的效果取决于陶瓷材料的多孔性。当容器浸入水中或浸泡在水中时，水通过多孔材料在容器陶瓷壁的整个厚度上的毛细作用而被吸收。此后，在使用容器时，水从陶瓷壁上逐渐蒸发，保持容器冷却。
自然冷却陶瓷容器长期以来被认为是陶土或灰色粘土(陶瓷)容器。到目前为止，很难制造出具备有效自然冷却功能的彩色容器。在窑内烧制注浆成型(slip casting)粘土的过程中，具有彩色颜料的注浆成型粘土有填充和堵塞毛细孔的倾向。特别是，彩色颜料晶体在高温下的行为会导致填充和堵塞毛细孔的倾向。
本发明的目的是通过一种方法来解决上述问题，该方法保留最终陶瓷材料的毛细孔隙，尽管在注浆成型粘土中使用所需的彩色颜料也是如此，所述彩色颜料用于铸造容器的有色表面覆盖层。
此目的可以通过根据所附权利要求1的方法步骤的方法来实现。从属权利要求限定了本发明方法的有利实施方式。
下面将更详细地描述本发明的方法及其实施方式。
该方法包括以下步骤。
第一步是通过添加球粘土(高岭土)和/或石英(滑石(talk))以及水和反絮凝剂(用于注浆成型粘土的硅酸钠)来制备粘土体。配方根据下一个成形步骤来改变/变化。可以通过以下至少一种成形方法：辊制、压铸和注浆成型，使用模具将粘土体成形成所需的陶瓷容器形状。
所成形的粘土体被脱模并在高于室温的温度下干燥数小时。干燥时间为24小时，温度为50℃。
在素坯窑中在高于1050℃的温度下第一次烧制所成形和干燥的粘土体，以获得素坯容器。第一次烧制的温度优选高于1100℃，并且第一次烧制的优选温度在1120-1160℃之间。第一次烧制所需的烧制时间通常约为12小时。
在许多情况下，需要在容器的内表面上釉。这涉及到饮料或食物与内表面直接接触的情况。在外表面上在靠近容器上边缘的区域、也就是当容器用于饮用饮料时嘴唇接触到的区域上釉也是可取的。该区域最多可高2cm，以免覆盖太多外表面的有效冷却区域。
如果使用上釉，则在第一次烧制后，将上釉材料(glazing material)应用于素坯容器的内表面，例如通过浸渍。上釉材料的常用配方是长石、硅土、氧化铝、石英和熔剂(flux)。将上釉材料干燥，并用保护蜡覆盖素坯容器的上釉部分，以保护该上釉部分。保护蜡在第二次烧制过程中被烧掉，稍后解释。
然后按以下步骤实施着色工艺。将具有所需彩色颜料的注浆成型粘土混合，以制成用于注浆成型的有色塑性粘土。将注浆成型粘土的各种成分放入大容器中，然后混合、过滤、压制、并搅拌以制成用于注浆成型的有色塑性粘土。用于海军蓝注浆成型粘土的配方可如下：钴蓝13-14％，钒蓝2.5-2.9％，钴黑1.6-2.0％，硅酸锆5-7％，长石30-35％，石英15-19％，高岭土24-28％。
将素坯容器浸入有色注浆成型粘土中，并立即进行干燥。在浸渍和干燥步骤之后、但在进行素坯容器的第二次烧制之前(如后所述)，可以通过喷漆涂覆具有彩色颜料的注浆成型粘土覆盖层。该喷漆具有与注浆成型粘土的颜色相似的颜色。
在窑中在高于1000℃但低于第一次烧制温度的温度下，对具有干燥的有色注浆成型粘土的素坯容器进行第二次烧制。第二次烧制的优选温度在1040-1080℃之间。先前用于保护素坯容器的上釉部分的保护蜡在第二次烧制过程中被燃烧。第二次烧制的时间大约是8-12小时。
通过上述方法制造的优选产品是这样的：容器的内表面具有上釉表面层，并且容器的外表面具有注浆成型的有色陶瓷材料的覆盖层，所述覆盖层具有含有精确选择的彩色颜料的所需颜色。
如果需要，可使用额外的第三次烧制将贴花施加容器的所需位置上。贴花烧制在750-850℃的温度范围内进行。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制造自然冷却陶瓷容器的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-通过添加球粘土(高岭土)、和任选的石英(滑石)、以及水和反絮凝剂来制备粘土体；
-通过以下成形方法即辊制、压铸和注浆成型中的至少一种，使用模具将所述粘土体成形成陶瓷容器的所需形状；
-使成形的粘土体脱模，并在高于室温的温度下干燥数小时；
-在窑中在高于1050℃的温度下对成形和干燥的粘土体进行第一次烧制，以获得素坯容器；
-将注浆成型粘土与所需的彩色颜料混合，以制成塑性有色注浆成型粘土；
-将所述素坯容器浸渍于所述有色注浆成型粘土中并立即进行干燥；以及
-在窑中在高于1000℃但低于所述第一次烧制的温度的温度下对其上具有干燥的有色注浆成型粘土的所述素坯容器进行第二次烧制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一次烧制的温度在1120-1160℃之间，并且所述第二次烧制的温度在1040-1080℃之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中将上釉材料施加于所述容器的内表面上，其特征在于，在所述第一次烧制后，将所述上釉材料施加于所述素坯容器的所述内表面上，并将所述上釉材料干燥并用保护蜡覆盖以保护所述素坯容器的上釉部分，所述保护蜡在第二次烧制时被燃烧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述上釉材料包括长石、硅土、氧化铝、石英和熔剂。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于用于将贴花施加在所述容器上的额外的第三次烧制，其中贴花烧制在750-850℃的温度范围进行。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有色注浆成型粘土含有钴蓝13-14％、钒蓝2.5-2.9％、钴黑1.6-2.0％、硅酸锆5-7％、长石30-35％、石英15-19％、高岭土24-28％。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有色注浆成型粘土的混合阶段包括过滤步骤、压制步骤和搅拌步骤。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在浸渍和干燥步骤之后、但在进行所述素坯容器的第二次烧制之前，通过喷漆涂覆具有彩色颜料的注浆成型粘土覆盖层。
9.一种自然冷却陶瓷容器，其由根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法制成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的自然冷却陶瓷容器，所述容器通过根据权利要求3所述的方法制成，其特征在于，所述容器的内表面具有上釉表面层，并且所述容器的外表面具有注浆成型的有色陶瓷材料的覆盖层。
CN201880010036.4A 2017-02-03 2018-02-01 自然冷却陶瓷容器的制造方法 Pending CN110418772A (zh)

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