CN110402757A - A kind of method and its special facilities of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis - Google Patents
A kind of method and its special facilities of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN110402757A CN110402757A CN201910693446.XA CN201910693446A CN110402757A CN 110402757 A CN110402757 A CN 110402757A CN 201910693446 A CN201910693446 A CN 201910693446A CN 110402757 A CN110402757 A CN 110402757A
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- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000190633 Cordyceps Species 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The method and its special facilities of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis provided by the invention, to construct special facilities, the artificial culture of artificially controlling temperature, wet, addition host of Cordyceps sinensis larva the feed realization cordyceps sinensis of control in host of Cordyceps sinensis primitive environment；It is characterized by: full utilization natural light, the growing environment of host of Cordyceps sinensis is isolated with natural environment and avoids infecting for miscellaneous bacteria.Cordyceps sinensis provided by the invention training, which grows method and effectively shortens the training of cordyceps sinensis, grows the yield that the time improves unit area；And relative to other artificial culture modes, artificially controlling temperature is not needed, production cost is lower；It suitable for altitude environment, grows relative to semi-wild training and is grown with wild training, be more advantageous to management, avoid artificial and wild animal infringement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of trainings of cordyceps sinensis to grow method, more specifically to a kind of worm summer in Proterozoic artificial culture winter
The method and its special facilities of grass.
Technical background
The distinctive rare rare traditional Chinese medicine in China, cordyceps sinensis system is aweto Cordyceps sinensis
(Berk.) Sacc. parasitizes Hepialidae insect larvae and the complex of stroma and larva corpse that is formed, and main product is in China four
The provinces and regions such as river, Qinghai, Yunnan, Tibet and Gansu.Increasing since the 9O age in 20th century, with people to cordyceps sinensis demand
Adding, the demand and supply contraction becomes increasingly conspicuous, simultaneously because its natural resources is increasingly deficient, and it is endangered, it is wild to belong to national second level
Medicinal protection plant.Cordyceps sinensis artificial breeding is always the research hotspot of natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials protection and regeneration field for many years.
Its distribution of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth has the characteristics that area distribution and vertical distribution.Its each population is at me
There are specific geographical location and Distribution Pattern in state；The vertical distribution range of bat moth is larger, has in 2200~5000m, and
At most with 4000m or so distribution, wherein especially maximum with the range of Tibet vertical distribution, Sichuan and Yunnan vertical distribution range are connect
Closely, the vertical distribution range in Qinghai and Gansu is relatively narrow.Research finds that other worm states of host insect in addition to adult all seek soil and dwell life
Living, many factors such as ecologicaI distribution and landform, landforms, height above sea level, weather, vegetation, soil are related, especially with soil microclimate and
Food distribution relation is the closest, and bat moth is nearly all distributed in mesophorbium, coryphile, subalpine meadow or high-cold scrub, inhabites soil
Earth type is mostly alpine meadow soil or paramo soil.The principal element for influencing host of Cordyceps sinensis growth has: feed, temperature
The factors such as degree, stand density, humidity and pest and disease damage.
In artificial feeding, feed, temperature and humidity and stand density are all easy to carry out manual control, but pest and disease damage is to the winter
The influence that the training of worm summer grass is grown but is difficult to solve.Wherein, disease is mainly fungus-caused, as green muscardine fungus disease, Paecilomyces varioti disease,
Muscardine disease and red stiff fungus diseases etc..Insect pest is mainly nematode, mite and the mosquito as disease medium.The technology hand formerly having
The survival rate for guaranteeing larva in section, periodically sterilize the food of larva, growing space, sterilization processing；But it imitates
Fruit is unsatisfactory.
Chinese patent application (publication number: CN19700734A) discloses a kind of production method of cordyceps sinensis, Chinese patent
Application (publication number: CN1970733A) discloses a kind of method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in hepialus genus captive field, Chinese patent application
(publication number: CN1948456A) discloses a kind of method for improving yield of Qinghai Tibet plateau cordyceps, and Chinese patent application is (open
Number: a kind of method for improving yield of Qinghai Tibet plateau cordyceps CN19484757A) is disclosed, disclosed in four kinds of methods just
Seem content be under Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wild environment Environmental change establish warm livestock shed and support bat pretty young woman larva, increase stable breeding region at
The quantity of worm or larva, to improve the survival rate of bat moth larvae, at bat moth larvae development to 6-8 age, by entire
The mode of microbiological contamination spore liquid is applied in stable breeding place, is infected bat moth larvae, bat moth larvae infects completely removes warm and humid guarantor
It is warm and humid that shield setting allows it to be restored to nature.The growth course of entire cordyceps sinensis all carries out in same region.According to patent application
Data disclosed in file, this method bat moth larvae only need 365-380 days from the growth and development of 1 age to 6-8 age；The final worm summer in winter
The infection success rate of grass can reach 50% or so.
From the 1970's Mos, applicant is the research for having carried out cordyceps sinensis artificial culture, successively undertakes " the Seventh Five-Year Plan ", " eight
In five " national key scientific and technological projects " research of cordyceps sinensis artificial culture " project, establishes indoors artificial training and grow the worm summer in winter
After the mode of grass, after and assume responsibility for " 95 " national key scientific and technological project " Nagqu cordyceps sinensis semi-wild fostered
And developmental research ", and obtain important breakthrough --- for the first time in more than 4700 meters of Nagqu height above sea level of Northern Tibet Plateau, training is grown out
The cordyceps sinensis that semi-wild is fostered, to establish the new model that cordyceps sinensis semi-wild is fostered.The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period undertake state
Family's science and technology supporting project project " cordyceps sinensis artificial culture key technology optimizing research ", in kangding and double of natural cultivation
The key technology of new model is optimized, and further improves yield, simplifies operation link, and reduce costs.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as that cordyceps sinensis artificial feeding exists, it is artificial in cordyceps sinensis Proterozoic that the present invention provides one kind
The method and its special facilities for planting cordyceps sinensis avoid the excessive influence to ecological environment.Technical solution provided by the invention
Are as follows: a kind of method of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis, to construct special facilities, people in host of Cordyceps sinensis primitive environment
The artificial culture of industry control temperature, wet, addition host of Cordyceps sinensis larva the feed realization cordyceps sinensis of control；Natural light is fully utilized,
The growing environment of host of Cordyceps sinensis is isolated with natural environment and avoids infecting for miscellaneous bacteria.
Specifically includes the following steps:
1) primitive environment grown in host of Cordyceps sinensis, the artificial special facilities of direct construction on gentle grassy marshland, no
Earth's surface grassy marshland, the fully transparent daylighting of special facilities are destroyed, the miscellaneous bacteria that can completely cut off in air enters artificial special facilities, constitutes one
A closed environment；
2) in the 6-8 month of current year, the ovum of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth is placed into greenhouse；
3) after the egg hatching of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth is at host larva, keep the food of host larva sufficient；
4) when host larva grows into 3-4 age, aweto strain is introduced in artificial special facilities；
5) cordyceps sinensis goes out grass.
It is every m that ovum described in step 2), which is placed into the density in greenhouse,2Supply volume be 100-150 pieces.
Being introduced into aweto strain described in step 4) in artificial special facilities is to sandblast containing in special facilities
The mycelial bacterium solution of magnificent coat spore directly sandblasts spore in special facilities.
The special facilities is the transparent enclosure directly built in host of Cordyceps sinensis primitive environment earth's surface；Special
The top of facility is provided with the exhaust outlet for exhaust, is set in the position that the lower part of special facilities is arranged apart from ground 3-10cm
It is equipped with the air inlet for air inlet.
The sterile film for filtering miscellaneous bacteria is both provided on the exhaust outlet and air inlet.
The upper end opening of the exhaust outlet and the vertical height of air inlet are more than 3m.
The bat pretty young woman larva of host of Cordyceps sinensis of the present invention be bat moth (Hepialua biruensis.Sp.nov,
Hepialus gonggaensis (Hepialus gonggaensis S.Q.Fu&T.F.Fuang), Shiqu produce host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth
(Hepialus sp), little Jin produce host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth (Hepialus sp), Hepialus, Hepialus minyuancus (Hepialus
Minyuancus), Hepialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang (Hepialus oblifurcns), Yushu bat moth, Hepialus lagii Yan (Hepialus lagii
Yan any one in).
The method have the benefit that: 1) provided by the invention cordyceps sinensis training grows method and effectively shortens winter worm
The yield for the time improving unit area is grown in the training of summer grass；
2) special facilities is grown in cordyceps sinensis training provided by the invention, relative to other artificial culture modes, is not required to very important person
Industry control temperature, production cost are lower；
3) method of artificial culture cordyceps sinensis is suitable for altitude environment, grows relative to semi-wild training and grows with wild training, more
Be conducive to manage, avoid artificial and wild animal infringement.
Detailed description of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 special facilities；
1 special facilities, wall after 1-1,1-2 scarp slope, 1-3 front window, 2-1 air inlet, 2-2 exhaust outlet.
Specific embodiment
The different heat preservation greenhouse of embodiment 1 trains the influence grown to cordyceps sinensis
The primary region of 3500 cordyceps sinensis of height above sea level in kangding, selection face south gentle slope area (gradient 5-15 degree), building 3
The identical special facilities of seat surface product is used as the special facilities that cordyceps sinensis is grown in training；Wherein, using Proterozoic people provided by the invention
The overall structure for the special facilities 1 that cordyceps sinensis is grown in work training is identical as daylight special facilities.The scarp slope 1-2 of special facilities 1 is positive
South.The skeleton of special facilities 1 uses high-quality hot dip galvanizing pipe；Since the processing of hot galvanizing anti-corrosion is all adopted on skeleton surface, make
It is higher than general welded tube or bar construction with the service life；Transparent glass is all made of on the front window 1-3 and scarp slope 1-2 of special facilities 1
Or plastic foil covering.The rear wall 1-1 of special facilities is hollow block construction, and is all made of compound (the double-deck rock in east, west, three face of north
Cotton heat preservation) material.The air inlet 2-1 for entering air is provided on the front window 1-3 of special facilities 1, in special facilities 1
Top is provided with the exhaust outlet 2-2 for air to be discharged；Height of the air inlet 2-1 apart from ground be 3-10cm, air inlet 2-1 with
The vertical drop of exhaust outlet is more than 3m.And nothing for filtering air is provided on air inlet 2-1 and exhaust outlet 2-2
Mycoderm.Using the greenhouse as experimental group.
Second group of greenhouse is set, and overall structure is identical as special facilities 1；Its difference with experimental group in air inlet 2-1 and
Sterile film for filtering air is not provided on exhaust outlet 2-2.By the greenhouse as a control group I.
Third group greenhouse is set, ground booth structure is inserted using arch, it is identical as conventional arch slotting ground canopy, it is not provided with
Dedicated heating, moisturizing and air filtration facility.By the greenhouse as a control group II.
Above-mentioned three groups of greenhouses are detected, after greenhouse closes 48h, the cleanliness of experimental group has reached 10,000 grades, and compares for discovery
Group I, II cleanliness remain as 100,000 grades it is essentially identical with the cleanliness of natural environment.It is specific as shown in table 1.
1 each group cleanliness of table
Present apparatus section is mobile simultaneously, has product to maintenance plateau fragile ecological environment without substantial damage to plateau earth's surface
Pole meaning.
Influence of the different breeding methods of embodiment 2 to cordyceps yield
The worm's ovum for acquiring host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth adult is concentrated the ovum grain collected several times, when removing female moth egg
Clear of fracture is cleaned with clear water with after other sundries, completes the collection of fertilized eggs.Ovum, which is spread, is remaining wet filter paper
In culture dish, 200~800, every ware covers ware lid, can be divided into early, middle, late stage three phases according to larva embryonic development situation
Fluctuation temperature culture, 15 days or so early period, daytime (8 points of every morning to 8 points at night, similarly hereinafter), 6~12 DEG C of temperature, (evening 8 at night
Point~next day is 8 points early, similarly hereinafter), 6~8 DEG C of temperature；Mid-term 20 days or so, 11~13 DEG C of day temperature, 7~9 DEG C of nocturnal temperature,
Later period 15 days or so, 12~16 DEG C of ranges of day temperature, 10 DEG C of nocturnal temperature or so.It is both needed to use clean water at the end of each stage
Ovum grain is cleaned, blots ovum grain surface moisture with clean filter paper after cleaning, new arrangement is placed into and is covered with moisturizing in the ware of wet filter paper
Culture.
The latter stage of ovum, close observation larvae hatch, as soon as it is found that start to hatch, it should be in time by chalaza filter paper from culture dish
Middle to take out in the greenhouse control group I, II and experimental group launched and provided into embodiment 1, the amount of dispensing is every 1m2Launch 100-
150.
To hatching bat pretty young woman larva using pearl tooth knotweed, garden fringe knotweed, panax ginseng fruit, carrot and sweet potato as feed, it is desirable that new
Fresh cleaning is preferred (using what is adopted back within 2 days), washes most silt, removes fibrous root blade, wooden aging and part of rotting, clearly
Water is cleaned, and is filtered dry moisture post-processing and is sealed up for safekeeping for use at the granular of size as soya bean；Larvae feeds of the present invention further relate to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Huang
Stilbene class and sweet potato, carrot etc. are for feed.Culture substrate uses humus content height, in the alpine meadow soil of dark brown, adopts back
Fine ground, sieving (sieve pores of 4~16 mesh) is dried afterwards plus water mixes wet (content 35%~50%), the pack (polybag of 25 × 30CM
It is interior), envelope prick sack, 55~85 DEG C or so after temperature-sterilized 50~90 minutes, it is spare to set room temperature.
Before larva faces hatching, feed, matrix are placed in the earth's surface of greenhouse: (garden Zhu Yaliaoyu fringe knotweed is by 1 ratio for feed
1.5 collocation mixes thoroughly), matrix by 1 to 1 configure mix thoroughly, every square metre of 0.3~0.5kg of dress feed.After larva hatches should 20~
It allows it voluntarily to bury in 60 minutes to hide oneself, it is sufficient to be maintained at entire larval stage affairs.
It with the bacterium solution containing Hirsutella sinensis, is sprayed onto the earth's surface in greenhouse, continuously sprays 2~4 times, every minor tick 1
It；When larva sense bacterium rate on inspection is up to 55~95% or so, stops spray and be inoculated with Chinese coat spore strain.
It is all sunny within larva dispensing is buried 3 months in above-mentioned control group I, II and experimental group special facilities
Fine day should water 1~2 time daily；When being such as more than 20 DEG C away from earth's surface 5~10cm ground temperature within half a year, using sunshade net shielding portion
Divide sunlight.The cordyceps sinensis in three groups of greenhouses is harvested, it is specific as shown in table 2.
The yield of cordyceps sinensis in the different special facilities of table 2
According to statistics, from launch larva experimental group and control group I in 600 Yu Tianhou output first cordyceps sinensis,
Then first cordyceps sinensis of output after 900 days of control group II, trace it to its cause be control group II booth thermal insulation performance it is poor；In
In the special facilities of experimental group and control group I, number of days of the annual temperature lower than 8 DEG C is 37 days, is not below 0 DEG C of number of days.And
Annual number of days of the canopy temperature lower than 8 DEG C of control group II is more than 100 days, and the number of days lower than 0 DEG C is more than 20 days, is lower than 8 DEG C of bats
Bat pretty young woman's larval feeding activity is reduced, and slow growth, growth temperature cannot be below 0 DEG C, and larva then stops growing.Statistical experiment group and
The cordyceps sinensis of control group I, II goes out carelessness, and average every square metre of discovery experimental group 33 plants reachable, and control group I, II is average every
Square metre it can produce 16 plants and 13 plants of cordyceps sinensis.Control group I, II has the case where host larva infects miscellaneous bacteria simultaneously.Illustrate, it is good
Aseptic condition has great importance for the culture of cordyceps sinensis.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis, to construct dedicated set in host of Cordyceps sinensis primitive environment
It applies, the artificial culture of artificially controlling temperature, wet, addition host of Cordyceps sinensis larva the feed realization cordyceps sinensis of control；It is characterized by:
Natural light is fully utilized, the growing environment of host of Cordyceps sinensis is isolated with natural environment and avoids infecting for miscellaneous bacteria.
2. the method for Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: including following step
It is rapid:
1) in the primitive environment of host of Cordyceps sinensis growth, the artificial special facilities of direct construction, is not destroyed on gentle grassy marshland
Earth's surface grassy marshland, the fully transparent daylighting of special facilities, the miscellaneous bacteria that can completely cut off in air enter artificial special facilities, constitute an envelope
The environment closed；
2) in the 6-8 month of current year, the ovum of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth is placed into greenhouse；
3) after the egg hatching of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth is at host larva, keep the food of host larva sufficient；
4) when host larva grows into 3-4 age, aweto strain is introduced in artificial special facilities；
5) cordyceps sinensis goes out grass.
3. the method for Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described in step 2)
It is every m that ovum, which is placed into the density in greenhouse,2Supply volume be 100-150 pieces.
4. the method for Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described in step 4)
It is to be sandblasted in special facilities containing the mycelial bacterium solution of Chinese coat spore that aweto strain is introduced in artificial special facilities
Or directly spore is sandblasted in special facilities.
5. a kind of special facilities of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis, it is characterised in that: the special facilities (1) is one straight
Construction is connect in the transparent enclosure of host of Cordyceps sinensis primitive environment earth's surface；It is provided on the top of special facilities (1) for arranging
The exhaust outlet (2-2) of gas, the lower part of special facilities (1) be arranged position apart from ground 3-10cm be provided with for air inlet into
Air port (2-1).
6. the special facilities of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the air draft
The sterile film for filtering miscellaneous bacteria is both provided on mouth (2-2) and air inlet (2-1).
7. the special facilities of Proterozoic artificial culture cordyceps sinensis according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the air draft
The upper end opening of mouth (2-2) and the vertical height of air inlet (2-1) are more than 3m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910693446.XA CN110402757B (en) | 2019-07-30 | 2019-07-30 | Method for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis in original place and special facility thereof |
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| CN201910693446.XA CN110402757B (en) | 2019-07-30 | 2019-07-30 | Method for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis in original place and special facility thereof |
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| CN110402757B CN110402757B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110402757B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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