CN110396257A - 一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110396257A CN110396257A CN201910678977.1A CN201910678977A CN110396257A CN 110396257 A CN110396257 A CN 110396257A CN 201910678977 A CN201910678977 A CN 201910678977A CN 110396257 A CN110396257 A CN 110396257A
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- Prior art keywords
- rice husk
- composite material
- plastic foam
- foam composite
- wood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic anhydride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 claims description 4
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001587 Wood-plastic composite Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011155 wood-plastic composite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Zn] Chemical compound [Ca].[Zn] IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001596 poly (chlorostyrenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008542 thermal sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0028—Use of organic additives containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/102—Azo-compounds
- C08J9/103—Azodicarbonamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/104—Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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Abstract
本发明公开一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法，所述材料按重量份数计包括以下组分：改性稻壳粉30～60份，聚氯乙烯树脂粉30～60份，填充剂5～45份，稳定剂2～5份，丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂1～20份，发泡剂0.1～5份，润滑剂1～5份，颜料0～0.1份；所述制备方法是通过对稻壳的活化改性、混料、密炼、挤出成型制得。本发明提供的一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法，复合材料中稻壳含量高，力学性能好，所述制备方法操作简单，易于实现，能大大提高稻壳的经济价值，同时提高稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的使用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及PVC木塑材料技术领域，具体涉及稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
中国是农业大国，其中水稻是我国的主要粮食产物，根据国家统计局数据，近年水稻产量约2.1亿吨，约占粮食总量的36％，位居谷物类第一。稻壳是水稻加工过程中的副产物，主要成分为粗纤维和糖类聚合物，还含有少量的粗蛋白和粗脂肪，稻壳中虽然含有部分营养物质，但是基本无法用做食品原料。目前，人类对稻壳的利用率较低，大都是直接进行燃烧，有部分用于发电、制造沼气、饲料。其中直接燃烧容易引起二次危害，主要表现为：(1)焚烧稻壳时，产生含有大量二氧化硫、二氧化氮的浓烟，污染大气，危害人体健康；(2)焚烧稻壳时极易引燃周围的易燃物，引发火灾。而其他方面的应用也存在利用率低的问题，且经济附加值不显著。
随着人们环保意识的增强，以废旧物资回收利用和资源综合利用为核心的循环型经济发展模式已日渐成为世界经济发展的主要趋势。大力开发资源循环利用技术，将对国民经济发展和环境可持续发展产生深远影响。其中，木塑复合材料是一种利用废旧塑料和可再生的木制纤维制备的新型绿色环保材料,已经广泛广泛用于建材、家具、物流包装等行业，有效解决了废弃农作物秸秆、稻壳、林业加工剩余物和废弃塑料的回收利用。但是，目前木塑复合材料中木制纤维的含量还是非常低，由于植物纤维粉的添加量越大,木塑复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、抗拉强度等力学性能都明显下降。如何提高木塑复合材料中木制纤维的含量又保证板材的力学性能，是目前亟待解决的问题。
可见，现有技术还有待改进和提高。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法，旨在解决现有技术中木塑发泡复合材料中稻壳粉含量低，高稻壳含量的木塑发泡复合材料力学性能下降的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采取了以下技术方案：
一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其中，所述材料按重量份数计包括以下组分：
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述改性稻壳粉的组分包括：稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体的重量比为100∶10～20∶10～30∶5～10。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，且所述功能性单体包括环氧大豆油、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐、乙酸酐、丙酸酐、丁二酸酐、苯甲酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯中的几种。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述强碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝中的一种。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述填充剂包括碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土中的一种。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述丙烯酸酯类加工改性剂包括ACR加工改性剂。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述润滑剂包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯中的一种或几种。
所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述发泡剂包括黄发泡剂和白发泡剂，且黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1∶1～4，所述黄发泡剂包括偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂中的一种；所述白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物中的一种。
一种如上所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：先将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得40～200目的稻壳粉，然后按配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于120～140℃的温度，高速搅拌20～30min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为10～25r/min，密炼温度为150～190℃，模具温度为150～220℃，模唇温度为40～170℃；
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
有益效果：
本发明提供了一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法，所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料通过对稻壳改性，使得稻壳的含量高达34.7％，且具有质量轻，密度小，力学性能好的优点。与现有技术相比，具有以下特点：
(1)所述稻壳通过对纤维接枝改性，使得稻壳与PVC的相容性大大提高，从而使得稻壳的添加量大大提高。
(2)所述稻壳在接枝改性的过程中，通过填充剂进行填充改性，使得制备的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的力学性能大大提高，同时，还能提高稻壳的耐热性，使得后续的加工过程能适应较高的密炼温度。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，举以下实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
上述配比的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，通过对稻壳粉进行改性，能提高稻壳纤维与PVC材料的相容性和分散性，进而在提高稻壳粉的含量配比的同时，使板材的冲击强度、弯曲强度、抗拉强度等力学性能均提高。
上述配比的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述改性稻壳粉包括：稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，且稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体的质量比为100∶10～20∶10～30∶5～10。上述配比的稻壳粉、功能性单体、引发剂及强碱，能使极性的稻壳粉与非极性的聚氯乙烯界面具有较好的相容性和分散性,能提高稻壳粉在复合材料中含量的同时，保证材料的力学性能。
由于PVC为亲油性物质，极性小，而稻壳粉中纤维素含有多个羟基，使得其极性较大，表现为亲水性物质，由于两者的极性不同，两相的界面相容性较低，难以形成物理或化学键的结合，因此通过加入功能性单体对稻壳粉进行改性，以改善极性的稻壳粉与非极性的聚氯乙烯界面的相容性。稻壳粉改性主要是通过在强碱的作用下，改变稻壳粉中纤维的极性，使纤维素与功能性单体发生作用，进行接枝反应，从而改变稻壳表面形态和极性，进一步提高稻壳粉与PVC材料的相容性。改性过程中添加的填充剂，能渗入稻壳内部空隙，提高稻壳粉的力学强度，同时提高稻壳粉的耐热性能，使其在制备过程不易炭化而失去作用。
上述改性稻壳粉中，所述强碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝中的一种；所述功能性单体包括环氧大豆油、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐、乙酸酐、丙酸酐、丁二酸酐、苯甲酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯中的一种或几种；所述填充剂为碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土中的一种。所述强碱能使稻壳纤维内部的氢键结合变弱,改变纤维素极性，同时，强碱还能与稻壳中的SiO2进行反应，改变稻壳表面形态和性能。
上述配比的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度将影响流动性和成型效果，聚合度越高，则聚氯乙烯树脂粉的流动性越差，本发明中，采用聚合度为650～1150的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，具有较高的流动性，且成型效果较好。
上述配比的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中，所述稳定剂为复合钙锌稳定剂或其他无机类稳定剂，当稳定剂为复合钙锌稳定剂时，具有较佳稳定效果，所述复合钙锌稳定剂为硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙的组合物，是一种高效复合稳定剂，且不含铅。
上述配比中，所述丙烯酸酯类加工改性剂包括ACR加工改性剂，所述ACR加工改性剂与PVC具有较好的相容性和耐候性，能加速PVC的塑化过程，缩短塑化时间，从而使制品性能更均匀，强度明显提高。
上述配比中，所述润滑剂包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯的一种或多种。所述润滑剂在生产木塑复合材料挤出过程中能起到润滑作用，提高密炼的效率，同时保护设备，并能改善制品的表面光泽度，使得木塑复合材料具有一定光泽，且更密实，结构更紧密，从而能提升木塑发泡材料的力学性能。
上述配比中，所述填充剂为碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土中的一种。并且，所述碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土的粒径均为1250～2000目。在木塑材料中添加填充剂，主要是为了提高制品的强度和硬度，并降低成本，同时提高制品的阻燃性能。填充剂的粒径越细，则分散性越好，所得制品的性能越均匀。上述填充剂中，所述碳酸钙为轻质碳酸钙，轻质碳酸钙具有较大体积，从而能在提高制品的强度和硬度的同时，减轻质量。所述滑石粉为塑料级的滑石粉，具有较小的粒径，且塑性好。
具体地，所述发泡剂由黄发泡剂和白发泡剂混合组成，且黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～4，所述黄发泡剂为有机发泡剂，包括偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基类发泡剂和酰肼类发泡剂中的一种；所述白发泡剂为无机发泡剂，包括碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵和叠氮化合物中的一种。
在生产PVC发泡板时，通常采用黄发泡剂与白发泡剂组合使用，主要是因为黄发泡剂分解温度高，单用黄发泡剂，做厚板时容易出现破壁和泡孔，而白发泡剂的分解温度低、发气量少，易出现提前分解，若白发泡剂剂量过多，前期挥发更多的气量，给料筒里面料的流动造成障碍。因此单独使用黄发泡剂或白发泡剂均存在缺陷，要想获得较佳的发泡效果，需将黄发泡剂和白发泡剂组合使用。通过实验发现，当黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～4时，所述木塑复合材料的发泡效果较好，优选地，当二者质量比为1:3时，具有最佳效果，气孔细小且均匀。
上述配比中，所述颜料包括颜料包括钛白粉、群青、酞青蓝、铁红、铁黄、大红或炭黑中的一种或几种。所述颜料的选择根据制品对颜色的需求决定，可一种，也可多种进组合，也可以选择上述列举的颜料之外的颜料，由于颜料的选择为现有技术，在此不做详细说明。
一种如上所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：先将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得40～200目的稻壳粉，然后按配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于120～140℃的温度，高速搅拌20～30min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉。稻壳的活化改性是提高制品中稻壳含量的关键，本步骤通过接枝反应，使得稻壳与PVC具有较好的相容性和分散性，从而能大大提高制品中稻壳的含量，降低成本；同时在改性过程中，通过加入填充剂，使稻壳具有较好的耐热性，能适应后续制备过程中高温的需要，同时提高制品的力学性能。
步骤A2：按配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，混合均匀，得混合粉体。将所有成分在密炼前进行混合，其均匀性较好，获得的制品性能较均匀。
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述的混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为10～25r/min，密炼温度为150～190℃，模具温度为150～220℃，模唇温度为40～170℃。在本步骤中，由于PVC和改性稻壳粉都是热敏性的材料，特别是在稻壳粉含量较高时，需严格控制螺杆转速，螺杆转速过高会导致PVC和改性稻壳粉料的降解和糊化。同时，混合密炼温度，模具温度，模唇温度同样会影响密炼效果，若温度过高，PVC容易分解，而改性稻壳粉料容易炭化，导致木塑发泡材料的粘度较低。但是温度过低会影响发泡和塑化，使木塑发泡材料挤出困难，并影响成品的力学性能。当为上述条件时，可获得性能较佳的密炼效果。
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
通过上述制备步骤，可得到稻壳含量较高，且力学性能较佳的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，经检验，其稻壳含量可高达34.7％，且仍保持各力学性能优异。
为进一步的阐述本发明提供的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料及其制备方法，提供如下实施例。
实施例1
本发明提供一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
其中，所述聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为650～1150；所述改性稻壳粉由质量比为100∶10∶10∶5的稻壳粉、氢氧化钾、碳酸钙、功能性单体经活化处理而成；所述功能性单体包括环氧大豆油、丙烯酸及丙烯酸异丁酯，且三者的配比为3∶1∶1；所述发泡剂为黄发泡剂与白发泡剂的组合，所述黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺，白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠，二者重量比1:1。
上述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：先将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得40～100目的稻壳粉，然后按配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于120℃的温度，高速搅拌20min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、发泡剂、润滑剂，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述的混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为10r/min，密炼温度为150℃，模具温度为150℃，模唇温度为40℃；步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
实施例2
一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
其中，所述聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为650～1150；所述改性稻壳粉由质量比为100∶20∶30∶10的稻壳粉、氢氧化钠、滑石粉、功能性单体经活化处理而成，所述功能性单体为环氧大豆油、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯，且四者的重量比为4∶1∶1∶1；所述发泡剂为黄发泡剂与白发泡剂的组合，所述黄发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈，白发泡剂为碳酸氢铵，二者重量比1:4,；所述颜料为钛白粉、铁黄及铁红的混合物。
上述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得100～200目的稻壳粉，然后按配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于140℃的温度，高速搅拌30min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述的混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为25r/min，密炼温度为190℃，模具温度为220℃，模唇温度为170℃；
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
实施例3
一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
其中，所述聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为650～1150；所述改性稻壳粉由质量比为100∶15∶15∶7的稻壳粉、氢氧化锂、高岭土、功能性单体经活化处理而成，所述功能性单体为环氧大豆油、丙烯酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯，且四者的重量比为4∶1∶1∶1；所述发泡剂为黄发泡剂与白发泡剂的组合，所述黄发泡剂为亚硝基类发泡剂，白发泡剂为碳酸铵，二者重量比1:2；所述颜料为钛白粉、铁黄及铁红的混合物。
上述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：先将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得60～100目的稻壳粉，然后按上述配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于130℃的温度，高速搅拌25min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述的混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为15r/min，密炼温度为170℃，模具温度为180℃，模唇温度为100℃；
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
实施例4
一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
其中，所述聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为650～1150；所述改性稻壳粉由质量比为100∶16∶12∶8的稻壳粉、氢氧化铝、滑石粉、功能性单体经活化处理而成，所述功能性单体为环氧大豆油、乙酸酐、丁二酸酐和苯甲酸酐，且四者的重量比为3∶1∶1∶1；所述发泡剂为黄发泡剂与白发泡剂的组合，所述黄发泡剂为酰肼类发泡剂，白发泡剂为叠氮化合物，二者重量比1:3；所述颜料为钛白粉、酞青蓝的混合物。
上述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得70～100目的稻壳粉，然后所述配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于135℃的温度，高速搅拌28min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按权利要求1所述配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述的混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为20r/min，密炼温度为180℃，模具温度为200℃，模唇温度为150℃；
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
实施例5
一种优选的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
其中，所述聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为650～1150；所述改性稻壳粉由质量比为100∶14∶20∶7的稻壳粉、氢氧化钙、滑石粉、功能性单体经活化处理而成，所述功能性单体为环氧大豆油、乙酸酐和丙酸酸，且三者的重量比为3∶1∶1；所述发泡剂为黄发泡剂与白发泡剂的组合，所述黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂，白发泡剂为碳酸氢铵，二者重量比1:3；所述颜料为钛白粉、铁红、铁黄的混合物。
上述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：先将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得100～200目的稻壳粉，然后所述配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于130℃的温度，高速搅拌25min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按权利要求1所述配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述的混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为20r/min，密炼温度为178℃，模具温度为188℃，模唇温度为120℃；
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
将上述实施例1-5所得稻壳木塑发泡复合材料标注为1#、2#、3#、4#、5#，进行取样，试样厚度为17.8mm，其中，表观密度的测试根据GB/T6343-2009所述方法进行测试，简支梁无缺口冲击强度(即冲击强度)、弯曲强度、邵氏硬度、拉伸测试和维卡软化温度的测试根据QB/T2463.2-1999所述方法进行测试，测试结果如表1所示。需要说明的是：(1)所有的测试均在常温恒湿条件下进行；(2)D/15:X指硬度计的类型是D型，读数时间为15s，硬度为X。
表1.稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的性能测试结果
| 项目 | 单位 | 1<sup>#</sup> | 2<sup>#</sup> | 3<sup>#</sup> | 4<sup>#</sup> | 5<sup>#</sup> |
| 稻壳含量 | ％ | 34.7％ | 18.7％ | 25％ | 23.9％ | 26.4％ |
| 表观密度 | g/cm<sup>3</sup> | 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.66 |
| 冲击强度 | kJ/m<sup>2</sup> | 19.31 | 20.92 | 20.68 | 20.47 | 20.71 |
| 弯曲强度 | MPA | 20.37 | 21.8 | 22.99 | 22.9 | 23.18 |
| 邵氏硬度 | / | 61 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 72 |
| 拉伸强度 | MPA | 9.14 | 10.73 | 12.31 | 11.86 | 12.35 |
| 维卡软化温度 | ℃ | 72.7 | 74.8 | 75.5 | 75.2 | 75.8 |
从表1可知，虽然所述稻壳木塑发泡复合材料中稻壳含量高，但依然能够保持较好的弯曲强度、冲击强度和硬度等力学性能，突破了技术歧视，可有效增加稻壳的使用量，提高稻壳的利用率，从而提高稻壳的经济价值。
可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，按重量份数计包括以下组分：
2.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述改性稻壳粉的组分包括：稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体的重量比为100∶10～20∶10～30∶5～10。
4.根据权利要求2所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，且所述功能性单体包括环氧大豆油、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐、乙酸酐、丙酸酐、丁二酸酐、苯甲酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯中的几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述强碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述填充剂包括碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述丙烯酸酯类加工改性剂包括ACR加工改性剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述润滑剂包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂包括黄发泡剂和白发泡剂，且黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1∶1～4，所述黄发泡剂包括偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂中的一种；所述白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物中的一种。
10.一种如权利要求1～9任一项所述的稻壳木塑发泡复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A1：稻壳的活化改性：先将稻壳进行除杂、粉碎、过筛处理，得40～200目的稻壳粉，然后按配比取稻壳粉、强碱、填充剂、功能性单体，于120～140℃的温度，高速搅拌20～30min，混合均匀后得改性稻壳粉；
步骤A2：按配比取改性稻壳粉、聚氯乙烯树脂粉、稳定剂、丙烯酸树脂加工改性剂、填充剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、颜料，并混合均匀，得混合粉体；
步骤A3：将步骤A2所述混合粉体加入锥形双螺杆中进行混合密炼，螺杆转速为10～25r/min，密炼温度为150～190℃，模具温度为150～220℃，模唇温度为40～170℃；
步骤A4：将步骤A3中锥形双螺杆中的密炼物挤出至发泡模具，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后，进行切割，得稻壳木塑发泡复合材料。
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| CN116855097A (zh) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-10-10 | 佛山市凯博新材料科技有限公司 | 一种稻壳复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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