CN110393144A - A method of tomato seedling is carried out using oyster mushroom bacteria residue - Google Patents
A method of tomato seedling is carried out using oyster mushroom bacteria residue Download PDFInfo
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- CN110393144A CN110393144A CN201910816221.9A CN201910816221A CN110393144A CN 110393144 A CN110393144 A CN 110393144A CN 201910816221 A CN201910816221 A CN 201910816221A CN 110393144 A CN110393144 A CN 110393144A
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- fermentation
- bacteria residue
- oyster mushroom
- mushroom bacteria
- seedling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, after comprising the following steps that S1, oyster mushroom bacteria residue is dry, crushing, adds water, and the water content for adjusting oyster mushroom bacteria residue is 55%~60%, after being mixed evenly, obtains fermentation heap body；S2, after fermentation heap body is piled up, warm fermentation, turning processing, the decomposed matrix of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after being fermented is dried, obtains fermentation substrate；S3, fermentation substrate is mixed with perlite, adds water to prewet, obtains seedling medium；S4, seedling medium is fitted into breeding device, after planting, is then covered with one layer of seedling medium and is covered on seed, keep seedling medium alternation of wetting and drying, after growth and development in 19 days, cultivation obtains tomato seedling.This method cultivates tomato seedling using the matrix after the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue, improves ecological benefits；And cost is relatively low, can make the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue thoroughly, increase water-retaining property, can be used for that traditional seedling medium is replaced to carry out tomato seedling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetables seedling-raising technique fields, and in particular to a kind of side that tomato seedling is carried out using oyster mushroom bacteria residue
Method.
Background technique
Basis of the seedling medium as vegetables nursery, research are with soilless culture substrate technology.Traditional
Business seedling medium is usually to add a certain proportion of inanimate matter with decomposed peat, manufactured such as vermiculite and fine perlite.
Wherein, peat is that sterile, nontoxic, pollution-free, aeration is good, light, water holding, guarantor because peat has as soilless culture substrate
Fertilizer, be conducive to microbial activities, enhancing biological property, it is full of nutrition the features such as, so peat be used as always it is organic in matrix
Matter is widely used.But peat belongs to non-renewable resources, shortage of resources can not only be faced by overusing, and Vegetables cost improves
The problem of, and exhaustive exploitation without restriction can also cause immeasurable destruction to Ecological environment, lead to disruption of ecological balance, no
Conducive to environmental protection.Therefore, for the sustainable development of modern seedling-raising technique, study source it is easy, it is cheap, to environment without
The matrix of pollution becomes the hot spot of seedling-raising technique at this stage.
China is big country of mushroom producing, and the development of edible mushroom also brings the processing problem of bacteria residue.Oyster mushroom belongs to the wooden corruption
Raw mushroom secretes a variety of enzymes come nutrition such as degraded cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, currently used for cultivating oyster mushroom by mycelia
Major ingredient it is more, predominantly ingredients such as cotton seed hulls, corn stover, straw, wood sawdust.It was found that being discarded after oyster mushroom harvest
Mushroom bran still contain a large amount of crude fibre, lignin, mycoprotein, minerals, while organic substance rich in and micro-
Secondary element, N, P, K nutrient content are abundant.Therefore, how rationally using the effective component in oyster mushroom waste bacterial slag be one urgently
Research topic to be solved.
Currently, the main method of processing oyster mushroom bacteria residue is: first is that as animal feed；Second is that as edible fungus culturing raw material
Carry out secondary cycle utilization；Third is that being formed with crop organic fertilizer returning to the field；In addition there are also other purposes, such as Hu Xiaojing research
It show that oyster mushroom mushroom bran has stronger adsorptivity to the Cu2+ in waste water, can be used as the biological adsorption agent of removal heavy metal in water；
Etc..
Therefore, it is necessary to study how rationally to utilize abundant bacterium protein, the amino acid, micro member in oyster mushroom waste bacterial slag
The nutritional ingredients such as element avoid the wasting of resources and the pollution to environment caused by arbitrarily abandoning.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Method, this method using oyster mushroom bacteria residue ferment after as vegetable seedling substrate, not only greatly alleviate peat in vegetables nursery
The problem of native shortage, and the multi-level utilization of resource can be promoted, reduce environmental pollution, improves ecological benefits.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, operation letters
Single, cost is relatively low, and can make the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue thoroughly, increases water-retaining property, can be used for replacing traditional seedling medium into
Row tomato seedling.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows.
A method of tomato seedling, which is carried out, using oyster mushroom bacteria residue includes the following steps: by percentage to the quality
After S1, oyster mushroom bacteria residue is dry, crushing, add water, the water content for adjusting oyster mushroom bacteria residue is 55%~60%, and mixing is stirred
After mixing uniformly, fermentation heap body is obtained；
S2, after fermentation heap body is piled up, it is warm fermentation, turning processing, the decomposed matrix of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after being fermented,
It is dried, obtains fermentation substrate；
S3, fermentation substrate is mixed with perlite, adds water to prewet, obtains seedling medium；
S4, seedling medium is fitted into breeding device, after planting, is then covered with one layer of seedling medium and is covered on seed, kept
Seedling medium alternation of wetting and drying, after growth and development in 19 days, cultivation obtains tomato seedling.
It further, further include that straw decomposing inoculant is added into fermentation heap body in step S1, wherein straw decomposing inoculant and hair
The mass ratio of ferment heap body is 1:200.
Further, in step S2, water supplement is needed in fermentation process, keeps the water content of fermentation heap body 55%~60%；
Heat-preservation fermentation covers fermentation heap body using plastic film with holes；Prevent the temperature for leading to fermentation heap body because environment temperature is too low
Degree quickly scatters and disappears.
Further, in the fermentation process of step S2, the temperature of fermentation heap body need to be detected and record, the frequency of detection is daily
2 times；The fermentation process includes 3 stages；First stage is glow stage, and heap body rises to 50~60 DEG C from room temperature；The
Two-stage is hot stage, and the temperature of heap body is greater than 50 DEG C, and maximum temperature reaches 70 DEG C；Phase III is temperature-fall period, heap body
Temperature less than 50 DEG C.
Further, when the temperature of heap body rises to 50~60 DEG C from room temperature, start turning, every turning in 2 days is primary；When
After the temperature of heap body reaches 70 DEG C, 2~3 DEG C of turnings of every drop are primary, until fermentation ends.
Further, in step S2, fermentation time is 32-62 days, and the color of fermentation substrate is sepia, and its granular size
For≤7mm.
Further, in step S3, the mass ratio of fermentation substrate and perlite is 4~8:1.
Further, in step S3, the water content after seedling medium is prewetted with Sprayable is 55%~60%.
Further, in step S4, after planting, then the seedling medium that a layer thickness is 3~8mm is spread on seed, guaranteed
Seed is in germination process in dark environment.
Further, in step S4, separation layer is also equipped in breeding device, and the two sides of the separation layer are nursery base
Matter；The separation layer is one or more of carbonization rice husk, vermiculite, bamboo charcoal powder, corncob pyrolysis powder；The separation layer
With a thickness of 2mm~10mm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, has as follows
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the method for the present invention utilizes agricultural wastes --- as vegetable seedling substrate after the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue, not only greatly
Alleviate vegetables nursery in peat soil shortage problem, and facilitate extend oyster mushroom production industrial chain, promotion industrial structure tune
It is whole, it realizes that waste is turned waste into wealth, and promote the multi-level utilization of resource, reduces environmental pollution, improve ecological benefits,
Bacterium dish industry combines, and increases economic efficiency.
2, the method for the present invention is easy to operate, and can make the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue thoroughly, bacteria residue matrix and tradition after fermentation
Seedling medium having no apparent difference for the germination percentage in tomato seedling, be substituted for traditional seedling medium into
Row tomato seedling.
3, the content of the full nitrogen of nutritional ingredient, rapid available phosphorus after the present invention ferments oyster mushroom bacteria residue and available potassium has different journeys
The raising of degree, and the content of three kinds of components is above traditional seedling medium, improves the ASI systematic approach in matrix.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the state of the oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation substrate of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 4 and the business seedling medium of comparative example 1
Figure.
Fig. 2 is the temperature changing curve diagram in the oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation process of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 4.
Fig. 3 is the growing way figure of the tomato seedling of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is the column diagram of the germination percentage of the tomato seedling of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and comparative example 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts
The every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Since the conductivity of oyster mushroom bacteria residue itself is excessively high, it is not suitable for directly as vegetable seedling substrate, and oyster mushroom bacteria residue
Particle is big, gas permeability is strong, poor water retention property.Therefore, a kind of provided by the embodiment of the present invention to carry out tomato using oyster mushroom bacteria residue
The method of nursery needs first by oyster mushroom bacteria residue by obtaining fermentation substrate after fermentation, and the matrix granule after fermentation reduces, and increases
Water-retaining property, the nursery that can be used for that traditional seedling medium is replaced to carry out tomato seeds.
In the embodiment of the present invention, used material and equipment specifically include that oyster mushroom bacteria residue, thermometer, upender；Tomato
Seed (coating) (being provided by academy of agricultural sciences, Wuhan City kind industry science and technology exhibition centre), business seedling medium (control), perlite, 72 holes
Seedlings nursing plate.The material and equipment can be commercially available on the market unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, by percentage to the quality, packet
Include following steps:
After S1, oyster mushroom bacteria residue is dry, crushing, add water, the water content for adjusting oyster mushroom bacteria residue is 60%, is mixed evenly
Afterwards, fermentation heap body is obtained；
S2, after piling up fermentation heap body, fermentation heap body is covered with plastic film with holes, carries out heat-preservation fermentation, when fermentation
Between be 62 days, moisture needed for needing afterfermentation during the fermentation, guarantee fermentation heap body water content be 60%；
In fermentation process, the temperature of one time fermentation heap body is respectively surveyed sooner or later daily, and record；When the temperature of heap body is from room temperature
When (25 ± 5 DEG C) rise to 50 DEG C, start turning, every turning in 2 days is primary；After the temperature of heap body reaches 70 DEG C, every 2 DEG C of drop
(or 3 DEG C) turning is primary, until fermentation ends, the decomposed matrix of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after being fermented are dried, are fermented
Matrix, the color of fermentation substrate are in sepia, and granular size is≤7mm；
After fermentation, from each point of 5 point samplings of heap body upper, middle and lower, then sampling quantity is dehydrated contracting part to 200g in 1kg or so
Left and right is used for physical and chemical property determining.
S3, fermentation substrate is mixed with perlite with mass ratio for 4:1, is prewetted with Sprayable plus water, reaches water content
To 60%, seedling medium is obtained；
S4, seedling medium is fitted into 72 hole seedlings nursing plates, height is about the 2/3 of seedlings nursing plate, and 2 are then broadcast in each hole
Tomato seeds, then spread on seed the seedling medium of a thickness 5mm and cover seed, guarantee seed in germination process in black
In dark environment；Seedling medium alternation of wetting and drying is kept during entire nursery, promotion tomato seedling stalk is sturdy, root system is sufficiently grown,
After growth and development in 19 days, cultivation obtains tomato seedling.
The germination and growing way of observation tomato seeds daily, counts germination percentage.
Data are given birth to using excel 2010 and 2.0 software Duncan Multiple range test method of SPASS Statistics
Object statistical analysis.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
In step S1~S4, water content reaches 55%；
In step S3, after the decomposed matrix drying of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after fermentation, mixed with perlite with mass ratio for 8:1；
In step S4, after planting, then spreads on seed the matrix of a thickness 3mm and cover seed.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
In step S3, after the decomposed matrix drying of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after fermentation, mixed with perlite with mass ratio for 6:1.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
It further include that straw decomposing inoculant is added into fermentation heap body in step S1, wherein straw decomposing inoculant and fermentation heap body
Mass ratio is 1:200.The straw decomposing inoculant selects increasingly beneficial straw decomposing inoculant (leavening), can be directly by buying in the market
It arrives.Specific steps are as follows:
10wt% fermentation heap body and straw decomposing inoculant is taken after mixing, then with remaining fermentation heap body to be uniformly mixed.
In step S2, fermentation time is 32 days；When the temperature of heap body rises to 60 DEG C from room temperature (25 ± 5 DEG C), start
Turning；
In step S4, after planting, then spreads on seed the matrix of a thickness 8mm and cover seed.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
In step S4, fermentation substrate is replaced with separation layer and is laid in 72 hole seedlings nursing plates, total height is about seedlings nursing plate
2/3；Wherein, the quantity of separation layer is 1 layer, and with a thickness of 10mm, and the two sides of separation layer are fermentation substrate, the material of separation layer
Material is the mixture of carbonization rice husk, vermiculite.
Embodiment 6
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
In step S4, fermentation substrate is replaced with separation layer and is laid in 72 hole seedlings nursing plates, total height is about seedlings nursing plate
2/3；Wherein, the quantity of separation layer is 2 layers, and thickness is 2mm, and the two sides of separation layer are fermentation substrate, separation layer
Material is the mixture of carbonization rice husk, vermiculite.
Embodiment 7
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
In step S4, fermentation substrate is replaced with separation layer and is laid in 72 hole seedlings nursing plates, total height is about seedlings nursing plate
2/3；Wherein, the quantity of separation layer is 2 layers, and thickness is 2mm, and the two sides of separation layer are fermentation substrate, separation layer
Material is the mixture of carbonization rice husk, vermiculite, bamboo charcoal powder, corncob pyrolysis powder.
Embodiment 8
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, and step is same as Example 1,
The difference is that
In step S4, fermentation substrate is replaced with separation layer and is laid in 72 hole seedlings nursing plates, total height is about seedlings nursing plate
2/3；Wherein, the quantity of separation layer is 2 layers, and thickness is 5mm, and the two sides of separation layer are fermentation substrate, upper layer isolation
The material carbonization rice husk of layer, the material of lower layer's separation layer are vermiculite.
Comparative example 1
Tomato seedling is carried out as a control group (CK) with business seedling medium, business seedling medium is with decomposed peat soil
In addition what fine perlite was mixed with mass ratio 4:1.Specific step is as follows:
Add water to prewet with Sprayable business seedling medium, water content is made to reach 60%；Business nursery after prewetting
Matrix is fitted into 72 hole seedlings nursing plates, and height is about the 2/3 of seedlings nursing plate, 2 tomato seeds is then broadcast in each hole, then in seed
On spread the matrix of a thickness 5mm and cover seed；Fermentation substrate alternation of wetting and drying is kept during entire nursery, through growth and development in 19 days
Afterwards, it cultivates and obtains tomato seedling.
The physical and chemical property determining of fermentation substrate
In embodiment 1, the entire fermentation process of oyster mushroom bacteria residue is to carry out under field conditions (factors), and total duration is 62 days.Implement
In example 4, after adding straw decomposing inoculant, fermentation heap body quick heating, hot stage are stablized, and entire fermentation process is under field conditions (factors)
It carries out, total duration is 32 days.It can thus be seen that fermentation time can be effectively shortened by addition straw decomposing inoculant, due to flat
Itself particle of mushroom slag is larger and gas permeability is strong, therefore, other assisted fermentation agent can not be added such as embodiment 1, can also be as
Embodiment 4 adds straw decomposing inoculant, to shorten fermentation time.And the specific features and embodiment 1 of the matrix after the fermentation of embodiment 4
It is essentially identical.
Fig. 1 is the state diagram for the business seedling medium that comparative example 1 of the present invention uses and the oyster mushroom bacteria residue of embodiment 1 and 4
The state diagram of fermentation substrate.The decomposed degree of fermentation substrate is mainly according to the physics such as color, smell, quality, granular size spy
Sign is to judge, the specific features of the oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation substrate of the embodiment of the present invention 1 are as follows: color is sepia, is destitute of smell,
Quality is loose, and granular size is in 7mm or less.
Because there is microorganism in participation activity in fermentation process, organic matter is decomposed rapidly, discharges a large amount of heat, so leading
It causes the temperature of heap body first constantly to rise until a peak, then declines again until constant temperature.When temperature rises to 50 DEG C or more
When, the beneficial microbes such as actinomyces are most, also the most active.After temperature reaches record highest point, 2 DEG C (or 3 DEG C) of every drop
Turning is primary, can increase the oxygen content of material heap by turning processing, promote beneficial microorganism aerobic fermentation.
Wherein, the temperature of fermentation process is divided into three phases:
First is that glow stage, referred to as glow stage when heap body rises to 50 DEG C or so from room temperature, micro- life in heap body at this time
The easily decomposed substances such as object decomposing protein, simple carbohydrate, Microbiological release goes out CO in decomposable process2And amount of heat,
Heap temperature is caused to rise；
Second is that hot stage, hot stage is known as when the temperature of heap body reaches 50 DEG C or more, the micro- life of thermophilic at this time
Object starts active, the organic matter of the complexity such as decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin；
Third is that temperature-fall period, when the temperature of heap body is reduced to 50 DEG C or less, middle warm nature microorganism start again it is active,
Most organic matter is decomposed, and remaining is all the difficult substance decomposed.
The variation of heap temperature still reflection fermentation whether a normal most important most direct index, simultaneously be also
Determine an innoxious foundation of fermenting.Because the high temperature generated in fermentation process can not only kill pathogeny bacterium, moreover it is possible to kill miscellaneous
Grass seed makes material reach stable.According to China " decontamination of human excreta standard ": fermentation maximum temperature is held at 50 ± 5 DEG C or more
It is 5-7 days continuous, innoxious standard can be reached.
Fig. 2 is the temperature changing curve diagram in the oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation process of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 4.As shown in Figure 2,
The temperature of bacteria residue has been more than 50 DEG C the 4th day of fermentation, has reached 55 DEG C, into hot stage, maximum temperature has reached 70
DEG C or more.In entire fermentation process other than fermentation ends, constant temperature is at 50 DEG C or more.It follows that each after fermentation
Bacteria residue has reached innoxious standard.It is as follows to the method for the determination of physical appearance of the oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation substrate after fermentation:
Certain volume (V) certain mass (W is added to after bacteria residue is dried0) glass in, claim gross mass (W1), then plus
Water impregnates claims quality (W afterwards for 24 hours2), then encased vessel port with one piece of wet gauze, glass is inverted, after moisture freely drains
Claim quality (W again3)；It is repeated 3 times.Bulk density, total porosity and the capillary porosity of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after calculating fermentation, each index
Calculation method is as follows:
Bulk density (g/cm3)=(W1-W0)/V
Total porosity (%)=(W2-W0)/V × 100%
Capillary porosity (%)=(W3-W1)/V × 100%
Bulk density is used to indicate that the tightness of matrix, and the retention ability and diversion power of the excessive matrix of bulk density are hampered with regard to poor
Hinder the stretching, extension of vegetable seedling root system, does not utilize the growth and development of vegetable seedling root system.Bulk density is too small, and it will cause matrix to consolidate very well
It is colonized the root system of object, vegetable seedling is be easy to cause to lodge.Some researches show that the bulk density of the matrix for cultivated crop in 0.1-0.8g/
cm3Effect is best in range.
Porosity is another important indicator for evaluating matrix quality.The good matrix of porosity can meet crop simultaneously
Requirement to moisture and air is conducive to the stretching, extension of nutrient, the adjusting of water regime and root system of plant.
Such as 1 institute of table of the determination of physical appearance result of oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation substrate prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 and 4
Show.
The determination of physical appearance result of matrix after the fermentation of 1 oyster mushroom bacteria residue of table
By table 1 the results show that the bulk density of the bacteria residue after fermentation is 0.394 ± 0.057g/cm3, total porosity be 87.77 ±
0.009%, capillary porosity is 83.5 ± 0.014%.It is provided according to the national standard NY/T2118-2012 of vegetable seedling substrate: base
The bulk density index of matter is 0.2-0.6g/cm3, the index of total porosity is > 60%.It therefore deduces that, the embodiment of the present invention 1,2
With 4 prepared by the physical index of oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation substrate meet national regulations.
It is as follows to the method for the chemical property determination of the oyster mushroom bacteria residue fermentation substrate after fermentation:
It will be ground after sampling bacteria residue drying, cross 1mm sieve, then pH value determination, EC value, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, speed
It is as shown in table 2 to imitate indexs, the specific measurement items such as potassium content.
The quotient that chemical property and nutritional ingredient and comparative example 1 before the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue with the matrix after fermentation is used
The chemical property and nutritional ingredient of industry seedling medium are measured that the results are shown in Table 3.
2 bacteria residue chemical property determination project of table
The chemical property determination result of matrix before the fermentation of 3 oyster mushroom bacteria residue of table and after fermentation
By table 3 the results show that the pH of bacteria residue is 5.8 before fermenting, slant acidity；EC value is 1.4ms/cm, and EC value is significantly higher than
The standard of 0.1-0.2ms/cm, discomfort are fit to do seedling medium in vegetable seedling substrate national standard NY/T2118-2012.
It is 0.18ms/cm that bacteria residue pH after fermentation, which is 7.7, EC value, is suitble to majority vegetable crop growth.
In addition, the content of the full nitrogen of nutritional ingredient, rapid available phosphorus after bacteria residue fermentation and available potassium has different degrees of raising,
And the content of three kinds of ingredients is above traditional business seedling medium (CK), and the base after the fermentation of embodiment 1 and embodiment 4
Matter meets national standard.
The cultivation of tomato seedling, the germination percentage and growing way of embodiment 1-8 are carried out using the method for embodiment 1-8 and comparative example 1
It is suitable with the control group of comparative example 1, show that it all has very big development and application potentiality in substrate seedling.Fig. 3 is this hair
Bright embodiment 1 cultivate with matrix used by comparative example 1 the growing way figure of tomato seedling.Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 compared with
The column diagram of the germination percentage of the tomato seedling of example 1.
By tomato it can be seen from Fig. 3-4 result in the bacteria residue fermentation substrate of embodiment 1 and the control matrix of comparative example 1
Germination percentage have no significant difference, respectively 81.7% and 75.5%.Four leaves are grown in two kinds of matrix, and growing way is suitable,
There are very big development and application potentiality in substrate seedling after showing the fermentation of oyster mushroom bacteria residue.
And embodiment 5-7 is added to separation layer in seedling medium, for separating fermentation substrate, make fermentation substrate be isolated
Layer alternating is laid in seedlings nursing plate, has not only guaranteed the gas permeability of matrix, but also can increase the water retention property of matrix.Wherein, separation layer
It can choose one or more of carbonization rice husk, vermiculite, bamboo charcoal powder, corncob pyrolysis powder composition.These materials itself
The problem of just there is certain water retention property, can solve oyster mushroom bacteria residue poor water retention property.Conduct after these materials being mixed
One layer of separation layer can also be selected individually a kind of as one layer of separation layer.Separation layer with a thickness of 2mm~10mm.The present invention is real
The germination percentage situation for applying a 2-7 is as shown in table 4.
The tomato seedling germination percentage of 4 embodiment 2-7 of table
The germination percentage of 2-4 of the embodiment of the present invention has reached 81.0% or more it can be seen from 4 result of table, embodiment 5-7
The water retention property of oyster mushroom bacteria residue seedling medium can be increased by using the mode for increasing separation layer, and tomato is in the seedling medium
In growing way situation and comparative example 1 quite, germination percentage has reached 82.3% or more, it is therefore possible to use which improve it is flat
The water-retaining property problem of mushroom slag.
The above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that by percentage to the quality, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
After S1, oyster mushroom bacteria residue is dry, crushing, add water, the water content for adjusting oyster mushroom bacteria residue is 55%~60%, is mixed equal
After even, fermentation heap body is obtained；
S2, after fermentation heap body is piled up, it is warm fermentation, turning processing, the decomposed matrix of oyster mushroom bacteria residue after ferment, through do
Dry processing, obtains fermentation substrate；
S3, fermentation substrate is mixed with perlite, adds water to prewet, obtains seedling medium；
S4, seedling medium is fitted into breeding device, after planting, is then covered with one layer of seedling medium and is covered on seed, keep nursery
Matrix alternation of wetting and drying, after growth and development in 15-30 days, cultivation obtains tomato seedling.
2. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S1,
It further include that straw decomposing inoculant is added into fermentation heap body, wherein the mass ratio of straw decomposing inoculant and fermentation heap body is 1:200.
3. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S2,
Water supplement in fermentation process keeps the water content of fermentation heap body 55%~60%；Heat-preservation fermentation is using plastics with holes
Film covers fermentation heap body.
4. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that the hair of step S2
During ferment, the temperature of fermentation heap body is detected and records, the frequency of detection is 2 times a day.
5. the method according to claim 4 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that when the temperature of heap body
When degree rises to 50~60 DEG C from room temperature, start turning, every turning in 2 days is primary；After the temperature of heap body reaches 70 DEG C, every drop
2~3 DEG C of turnings are primary, until fermentation ends.
6. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S2,
Fermentation time is 32-62 days, and the color of fermentation substrate is sepia, and its granular size is≤7mm.
7. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S3,
The mass ratio of fermentation substrate and perlite is 4~8:1.
8. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S3,
Water content after seedling medium is prewetted with Sprayable is 55%~60%.
9. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S4,
After planting, then on seed the seedling medium that a layer thickness is 3~8mm is spread.
10. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out tomato seedling using oyster mushroom bacteria residue, which is characterized in that in step S4,
Separation layer is also equipped in breeding device, and the two sides of the separation layer are seedling medium；The separation layer is carbonization rice husk, leech
One or more of stone, bamboo charcoal powder, corncob pyrolysis powder；The separation layer with a thickness of 2~10mm.
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