CN110392649A - 断电制动系统 - Google Patents

断电制动系统 Download PDF

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CN110392649A
CN110392649A CN201780058089.9A CN201780058089A CN110392649A CN 110392649 A CN110392649 A CN 110392649A CN 201780058089 A CN201780058089 A CN 201780058089A CN 110392649 A CN110392649 A CN 110392649A
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让-马克·洛里奥
克里斯蒂安·萨莱斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/02—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/04—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive by spring or weight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
    • F16D59/02—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D61/00—Brakes with means for making the energy absorbed available for use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/14—Mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F16D2121/26—Electric or magnetic using motors for releasing a normally applied brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/02—Details of stopping control
    • H02P3/04—Means for stopping or slowing by a separate brake, e.g. friction brake or eddy-current brake

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种断电紧急制动器系统或者驻车制动器系统，其中，每次供电时，能量储存在制动器的本身结构中，以在中断装置供电的情况下确保制动器断电制动及保持。

Description

断电制动系统
本发明旨在提出一种制动系统，每当出于偶发或自发原因不再确保对制动器供电时，所述制动系统就确保制动器以其最大值制刹并保持。已知涉及电动制动系统的2006.11.03的欧洲专利1957228。该装置使用可变机械增益系统，该系统布置在驱动轴和制动片夹紧系统之间。援引汽车制动器技术规格，针对该技术规格，对制动片的作用力从0至15千牛顿变化，弹性形变为1毫米，实施该操作所需的能量为7.5焦耳。
该制动器的活动部件的最大行程通过构造为2.5弧度(小于1/2转)。如果借助于可变机械增益系统在该操作期间使电动机恢复恒定转矩，那么，该转矩将具有3牛顿米的值以供给7.5焦耳的能量。
正是这些较小的转矩和行程值允许考虑如下这样的方案：在每次启动时储存能量，该能量在中断供电情况下将确保制动器断电制刹及保持。
因此，这些运动的特征理论上会促使在布置于制动器本身结构中的弹簧内以机械能的形式储存该能量，这就是说，不排除尤其是通过电容器的电动解决方案。
这种断电制动器会作为紧急制动器工作，也可作为驻车制动器使用，在其不供电的任何时间确保车辆停车。其可取代“手制动器”。在下面作为例子给出的说明中，从图1看到驱动轴10(其与丝杆(vis)相联结，具有与上述参考专利的图6的驱动轴标号相同的标号10，该图6以示意目的并标示为图3而随附于本专利)。轴套12自由转动地安装在该轴10上。该轴套承载臂14，这里，所述臂贴靠在电磁铁20上，电磁铁在被供电时将臂保持在该位置。螺旋弹簧18对臂14施加的作用力趋向于使臂沿方向A以一转矩转动，对于汽车应用来说，所述转矩在行程结束时最小等于3牛顿米。移动方向A相应于其所致动的制动器的制刹方向，如果所述制动器的凹槽和丝杆的固有特征支持的话，该方向也可以反过来。止动件22将限制臂14的行程，尤其是如果这种限制不能由制动器的活动部件的行程限制器来确保。与电动机转子相联结的指形件16确保作为本发明目标的该装置与严格意义上的制动器之间的连接。
每次制动器被供电时，电动机在确保释放制动器的同时，将通过指形件16使臂14沿与方向A相反的方向的运动(所需转矩相对制动转矩相反，但是数量级相同)而贴靠到电磁铁20上。供给电的电磁铁将使臂14保持在位，弹簧18则最大程度收紧，这表示能量储存。指形件16于是可在这样的空间中自由移动：该空间位于由电磁铁20和止动件22(或制动器的活动部件的行程限制器)表示的其行程的两个极限点之间。因此，在整体都通电的情况下，断电制动装置将对制动器的性能没有任何影响，制动器因此可在能用于不同制动操作的整个空间中自由移动。
在出于偶发或者自发原因而发生停电的情况下，电磁铁20会释放臂14，臂则在弹簧18的应力作用下，会贴靠到止动件22(或者制动器的活动部件的行程限制器)上，臂在其行程中会带动指形件16(不管其在电磁铁20与止动件22之间的位置如何)，因此通过电动机转子确保制动器以其最大值制刹并保持。图2示出了这种新型配置中的不同组成件的布置。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种电动制动器，其具有制动片和制动电动机，其特征在于，在每次电动制动器被供电时，所述制动电动机起动储能装置(10，12，14，16，18)，而在电动制动器停电时，储存的能量用于进行断电制动，所述断电制动保持到下次电动制动器被供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动制动器，其中，储能装置至少包括弹簧(18)，储存的能量包括机械能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动制动器，其中，储能装置包括与制动电动机的轴相联结的驱动轴(10)、与驱动轴(10)相联结的指形件(16)、以及围绕驱动轴(10)自由转动的臂(14)；在制动电动机所驱动的指形件(16)推动臂(14)时进行能量的储存。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电动制动器，其中，臂(14)由电磁铁(20)保持，以便从电动制动器被供电直至停电给弹簧(18)施加应力。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的电动制动器，其中，给电磁铁(20)停电则释放臂(14)，使得弹簧(18)使臂(14)沿第一方向移动直到挡靠于止动件(22)，以进行断电制动，所述断电制动保持到电动制动器被重新供电。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电动制动器，其中，电动制动器具有可变机械增益系统，可变机械增益系统布置在驱动轴和制动片夹紧系统之间。
7.根据权利要求5或者根据从属于权利要求5的权利要求6所述的电动制动器，其中，止动件(22)在断电制动时限制臂的行程，使得活动部件得到保护，臂(14)的行程小于半转。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电动制动器，其中，储能装置包括电容器。
9.根据权利要求2至7中任一项或者从属于权利要求2的权利要求8所述的电动制动器，其中，电动制动器具有以下特性中的至少一种：
-制动片对制动盘施加的作用力大致为15千牛顿，
-制动片支承件的弹性形变约为1毫米，
-对于臂(14)的约为2.5弧度的角运动幅度，由弹簧(18)对臂(14)在接触止动件(22)时所施加的转矩大于3牛顿米。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于任何制动系统的断电制动装置，制动系统的制动片对待制动部件施加的作用力使致动它们的电动机轴恢复略变化的或恒定的转矩，而无论制动片施加的作用力的值如何，其特征在于，在任何断电时，电动机轴上的这种转矩由螺旋弹簧(18)提供；未示出的电动机在其轴(10)上承载臂(14)，臂通过轴套(12)自由转动地安装在轴(10)上；螺旋弹簧(18)对臂(14)施加倾向于使臂沿与制动器制刹方向相应的方向(A)转动的转矩；指形件(16)安装成与轴(10)联结在一起转动；在每次制动器被供电时，电动机使轴(10)和与轴联结在一起转动的指形件(16)沿与方向(A)相反的方向转动；指形件(16)推动臂(14)从而压缩螺旋弹簧(18)，直到臂(14)与电磁铁(20)接触，电磁铁在该运行阶段中被供电；螺旋弹簧(18)因此在电磁铁整个供电阶段期间由电磁铁(20)保持压缩；任何断开对制动器、因而对电磁铁的供电都释放臂(14)，臂通过螺旋弹簧(18)的作用力沿方向(A)转动并推动指形件(16)而不管指形件位置如何，指形件本身则带动所述轴(10)转动，直到臂(14)到达止动件(22)，从而实现制动器以其最大值制刹；这种制动被保持到下次制动器电动机被供电，电动机于是将通过指形件(16)使臂(14)恢复接触也被供电的电磁铁(20)，从而压缩弹簧(18)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的断电制动装置，其特征在于，存储的能量是通过布置在制动器结构中的任何类型弹簧实现的机械能形式，或者特别是通过电容器实现的电能形式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的断电制动装置，其特征在于，在工作位置，当自由转动地安装在轴(10)上的臂(14)由电磁铁(20)保持时，与轴(10)、因而与电动机转子联结在一起转动的指形件(16)自由进行其所有运动，使得断电制动系统对制动器的静态和动态性能没有影响。
4.根据权利要求1和3所述的断电制动装置，其特征在于，止动件(22)限制制动器断电制刹的行程，以在该运行阶段保护所有活动部件；臂(14)的行程在所有情况下都小于半转。
5.根据权利要求1所述的断电制动装置，其特征在于，对于其制动片对制动盘施加的最大作用力为15千牛顿、制动片支承件的弹性形变为1毫米的汽车制动器来说，对于为2.5弧度的运动幅度，由螺旋弹簧(18)对臂(14)在接触止动件(22)时所施加的转矩具有至少等于3牛顿米的值。
CN201780058089.9A 2016-09-21 2017-09-14 电动制动器 Expired - Fee Related CN110392649B (zh)

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CN110392649B (zh) 2021-08-24
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RU2019106948A (ru) 2020-09-14
EP3515768A1 (fr) 2019-07-31
WO2018055243A1 (fr) 2018-03-29
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RU2744446C2 (ru) 2021-03-09
RU2019106948A3 (zh) 2020-10-05

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