CN108571543A - 电制动器 - Google Patents

电制动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108571543A
CN108571543A CN201810185530.6A CN201810185530A CN108571543A CN 108571543 A CN108571543 A CN 108571543A CN 201810185530 A CN201810185530 A CN 201810185530A CN 108571543 A CN108571543 A CN 108571543A
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Prior art keywords
brake
electric brake
electric
motor
transmission device
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P·布罗索斯基
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NARR BETEILIGUNGS GmbH
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NARR BETEILIGUNGS GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/04—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by moving discs or pads away from one another against radial walls of drums or cylinders
    • F16D55/06—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by moving discs or pads away from one another against radial walls of drums or cylinders without self-tightening action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F16D63/004—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00 comprising a rotor engaged both axially and radially by braking members, e.g. combined drum and disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F16D63/008—Brakes acting on a linearly moving member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F16D65/183—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with force-transmitting members arranged side by side acting on a spot type force-applying member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F16D65/186—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with full-face force-applying member, e.g. annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/2018—Screw mechanisms with both screw and nut being driven, i.e. screw and nut are both rotating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/22—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D2066/005—Force, torque, stress or strain
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2123/00—Multiple operation forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
    • F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
    • F16D2125/50—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel non-stationary axes, e.g. planetary gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2046—Screw mechanisms with gears arranged perpendicular to screw shaft axis, e.g. helical gears engaging tangentially the screw shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2081—Parallel arrangement of drive motor to screw axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2087—Arrangements for driving the actuator using planetary gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有电动机的电制动器(1)。设有机电操纵单元，该机电操纵单元具有行星滚子传动装置(6)，借助于该行星滚子传动装置将电动机的旋转运动转化为操纵元件(7)的轴向运动。制动块(8)作为制动元件耦合到操纵元件(7)上。

Description

电制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的电制动器。
背景技术
这种电制动器在机器或设备中使用，以便在那里制动、夹紧或保持实施旋转运动或线形运动的元件。这种电制动器例如用于制动旋转的主轴、旋转分度台、飞轮、枢转单元和类似物。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提供具有高功能性的电制动器。
为了解决该任务，设置权利要求1的特征。本发明的有利实施方式和适合的扩展方案在从属权利要求中描述。
本发明涉及一种具有电动机的电制动器。设有机电操纵单元，该机电操纵单元具有行星滚子传动装置(Planeten--Getriebe)，借助于该行星滚子传动装置将电动机的旋转运动转化为操纵元件的轴向运动。制动块作为制动元件耦合到操纵元件上。
相对于已知的液压的或气动的系统，根据本发明的机电制动器的特征在于，在小结构空间的情况下实现高制动力。本发明的另一优点在于，借助于制动器的电动操纵能够实现限定的制动力引入和制动力调节。此外，根据本发明的机电制动器在高效率的情况下比可比较的液压系统明显更高能效地工作。最后，在根据本发明的制动器中使用的行星滚子传动装置有助于，所述制动器相比于具有其他已知的机械传动装置的系统具有明显更长的使用寿命。
根据本发明的电制动器的特征在于高制动力。此外，在根据本发明的电制动器中通过机电操纵得到扭矩的无间隙的接收。由此，根据本发明的电制动器可以在不同的应用中、尤其在那些需要高精度的应用中使用。为此的示例是在重型机械或者也在精加工设备中的使用。
根据在结构上有利的构型，行星滚子传动装置集成在驱动轮中。
在此，电动机的转子的旋转运动被传递到驱动轮上。然后借助于在驱动轮中的行星滚子传动装置将驱动轮的旋转运动转化为操纵元件的线性运动，该操纵元件既可以由拉杆形成也可以由压杆形成。
该布置的特征在于紧凑和简单的构造。
根据第一变型方案，驱动轮直接用电动机来驱动。
在该情况下，电动机有利地构型为伺服电动机。该变型方案的特征在于，需要特别少的机械运动的部件。
根据第二变型方案，驱动轮通过布置在电动机之后的传动装置驱动，该传动装置有利地构型为齿轮传动装置。
在最简单的情况下可以通过制动块直接制动对象。
由此，除了制动块不需要其他制动元件，这进一步简化了根据本发明的电制动器的构造。
根据有利的构型，通过制动块操纵作为另外的制动元件的制动体。可以借助于该制动体来制动对象。
通过将制动体配属于制动块可以实现高制动力。此外，可以通过制动体的合适构造实现不同的制动器类型。
根据有利的构型，可以通过电动机的扭矩实施制动力调整。
制动力通过电动机的调整可以非常准确和精确地实施。通过该制动力调整能够实现与不同制动过程的灵活适配。
根据本发明的电制动器的功能性还可以通过以下方式扩展，设置用于制动力感测的传感装置。根据传感装置的信号可以实施制动力调节。
这种传感装置例如可以由拉杆或压杆上的力测量计构造。替代地，可以在要制动的旋转的机器元件上设置速度传感装置。通过根据相应传感装置的信号对制动力的调节可以有针对性地预给定并且优化在时间方面的制动过程。
根据本发明的另一有利构型，设有用于感测转子、电动机或操纵元件的旋转角位置的传感式位置感测器件，其中，参照位置感测器件的测量值可以实施制动元件的闭锁控制。
通过该监控功能提升根据本发明的制动器的功能安全性。
根据本发明的电制动器可以在不同的实施方式中构造，通过所述实施方式以不同的方式实施制动过程。
根据第一构型，电制动器是盘式制动器。
在该情况下，制动体是制动盘。
制动盘与要制动的对象固定连接，使得在制动器未被操纵时制动盘与对象共同旋转。在实施制动过程时，制动盘通过制动块的运动夹紧在静止的元件上。
有利地，盘式制动器具有紧急停止单元，借助于该紧急停止单元使制动元件在电动机无电流的状态下机械固定。
通过这样实现的紧急停止功能显著提升盘式制动器的功能安全性，因为即使在电动机无电流的状态下也确保制动作用。紧急停止单元的制动作用又可以通过合适的执行单元如电磁铁来抵消。此外，当电动机又通电并且电制动器又可以开始进行它的正常运行时才取消紧急停止功能。
根据另一构型，电制动器构造为鼓式制动器。
在该情况下，制动体实施朝着作为要制动对象的鼓的周面径向向外指向的制动运动。
根据另一构型，电制动器构造为杆式制动器。
在该情况下，制动体实施朝着作为要制动对象的杆的外周面径向向内指向的制动运动。
在两种情况下，制动体有利地构造为分段式夹紧件，该分段式夹紧件由相互弹性连接的多个旋转对称布置的段组成。
在此有利地，操纵元件和制动块的轴向运动借助于锥体转化为制动体的径向运动。
由此可以通过结构简单的器件产生对于制动过程所必需的制动体、尤其是分段式夹紧件的径向运动。
附图说明
下面参照附图阐释本发明。附图示出：
图1：根据本发明的电制动器的呈盘式制动器形式的第一实施例。
图2：根据本发明的电制动器的呈鼓式制动器形式的第二实施例。
图3：根据本发明的电制动器的呈杆式制动器形式的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的电制动器1的呈盘式制动器形式的实施方式。在这里电制动器1的组件集成在壳体2中。在当前情况下，通过电制动器1使机台3制动，该机台连接到壳体2的前端部上。驱动轴4从壳体2的后端部出来，该驱动轴形成用于外部的、未示出的电动机的连接部位。电动机可以直接连接到驱动轴4上。在这种情况下，电动机构造为伺服电动机。替代地，电动机可以通过传动装置、尤其是齿轮传动装置附接到驱动轴4上。
在驱动轮5中集成有行星滚子传动装置6，该行星滚子传动装置包括形成多个沿电制动器1的周向方向分布的行星的滚动轴承。通过行星滚子传动装置6将由电动机产生的驱动轴4的旋转运动转化为操纵元件7的线性运动，该操纵元件由拉杆或压杆形成。通过行星滚子传动装置6使操纵元件7沿电制动器1的轴向方向移动。
操纵元件7与作为第一制动元件的制动块8连接。原则上制动块8可以形成唯一的制动元件并且独自产生用于制动对象的制动力。在当前情况下，呈制动盘9形式的制动体作为第二制动元件配属于制动块8。制动盘9在两个端侧设有制动衬层。
制动盘9通过连接元件10与机台3固定连接，使得在电制动器1未被操纵的情况下制动盘9随机台3一起旋转。
为了操纵电制动器1，制动块8通过操纵元件7如此移动，使得制动块8被压向制动盘9。由此，制动盘9在制动块8和壳体2之间夹紧，由此使机台3制动。为此各个组件所实施的运动在图1中通过箭头标明。
制动力的大小可以通过电动机的扭矩的大小预给定。
通过传感装置、如在操纵元件7上的力测量计或者在机台3上的速度传感装置，也可以根据传感装置的信号实现机台3的受调节的制动。
通过用于感测电动机的角位置的传感式位置感测器件或者通过操纵元件7的位移测量还可以识别出在制动盘9的制动部位处的接触的磨损。
此外，根据图1的盘式制动器具有紧急停止功能。该紧急停止功能通过保持板11和配属于该保持板的压力弹簧12实现。通过这些元件，在电动机无电流的状态下、例如在紧急关机时夹紧制动盘9，由此机器部件在无电流的状态下也被制动或者说固定。该紧急停止夹紧可以通过电磁铁13解决。在此，电磁铁13使保持板11逆着压力弹簧12的弹簧力运动。
图2示出电制动器1的呈鼓式制动器形式的实施例。
鼓式制动器的构造与根据图1的盘式制动器这样一致：在壳体2中设置有驱动轴4、在驱动轮5中集成的行星滚子传动装置6和操纵元件7，制动块8耦合到该操纵元件上。
与根据图1的实施方式进一步一致的是，可以通过电动机进行制动力调整或者在设有相应传感装置的情况下进行制动过程的调节。同样地，可以借助于合适的位置感测器件设置制动元件的磨损控制。
在根据图2的鼓式制动器中，要制动的对象又由机台3组成。然而，相对于根据图1的实施方式，在当前情况下机台3不与制动体固定连接。代替地，空心柱形的部件连接到机台3上，该部件形成鼓式制动器的鼓14。
制动器的作用原理在图2中又通过箭头表明，所述箭头示出各个组件的运动。
通过操纵元件7又使制动块8沿轴向方向移动，其中，在当前情况下制动块8位于壳体2的面向机台3的前侧上。通过制动块8操纵制动体，该制动体在当前情况下由分段式夹紧件15形成，该分段式夹紧件由沿电制动器1的周向方向相互连接的、相同构造的并且通过弹性元件连接的段的布置组成。
分段式夹紧件15配属于锥体16，该锥体形成角传动(Winkelübersetzung)并且还用于制动力增强。为了操纵电制动器1，制动块8通过操纵元件7来移动。由此分段式夹紧件15在锥体16的斜面上滑动，使得该分段式夹紧件在径向方向上向外运动并且由此以它的周面(在该周面上设有制动衬层)挤压到鼓14的内壁上，由此使机台3制动。
图3示出电制动器1呈杆式制动器形式的实施例。
杆式制动器的构造与根据图1的盘式制动器这样一致：在壳体2中设有驱动轴4、在驱动轮5中集成的行星滚子传动装置6和操纵元件7，制动块8耦合到该操纵元件上。
与根据图1的实施方式进一步一致的是，可以通过电动机进行制动力调整或者在设有相应传感装置的情况下进行制动过程的调节。同样地，可以借助于合适的位置感测器件设置制动元件的磨损控制。
在根据图3的杆式制动器中，要制动的对象由杆17形成，该杆沿电制动器1的轴向方向走向并且由该电制动器的组件包围。
与根据图2的实施方式一致地，以通过操纵元件7可轴向移动的制动块8来操纵呈分段式夹紧件15形式的制动体。锥体16又配属于分段式夹紧件15，通过该锥体使制动块8的轴向运动转化为分段式夹紧件15的径向运动。
相对于根据图2的实施方式，在根据图3的实施方式中分段式夹紧件15通过制动块8的运动和锥体16的角传动径向向内运动，使得该分段式夹紧件的周面(在该周面上设有制动衬层)径向向内地压向杆17，由此使该杆制动。
在图3的实施方式中，制动器1的各个组件的运动也通过箭头标明。
附图标记列表
(1)电制动器
(2)壳体
(3)机台
(4)驱动轴
(5)驱动轮
(6)行星滚子传动装置
(7) 操纵元件
(8)制动块
(9) 制动盘
(10)连接元件
(11)保持板.
(12)压力弹簧
(13)电磁铁
(14)鼓
(15)分段式夹紧件
(16)锥体
(17)杆

Claims (18)

1.电制动器(1)，具有电动机，其特征在于，设有机电操纵单元，该机电操纵单元具有行星滚子传动装置(6)，借助于该行星滚子传动装置将所述电动机的旋转运动转化为操纵元件(7)的轴向运动，其中，制动块(8)作为制动元件耦合到所述操纵元件(7)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述行星滚子传动装置(6)集成在驱动轮(5)中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述驱动轮(5)直接通过所述电动机来驱动。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述驱动轮(5)通过布置在所述电动机之后的传动装置来驱动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述传动装置是齿轮传动装置。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述操纵元件(7)是拉杆。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，通过所述制动块(8)能够直接制动对象。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，通过所述制动块(8)操纵作为另外的制动元件的制动体，借助于该制动体能够制动对象。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，通过所述电动机的扭矩能够实施制动力调整。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，设有用于制动力感测的传感装置。
11.电制动器根据权利要求10，其特征在于，根据所述传感装置的信号能够实施制动力调节。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，设有用于感测所述电动机或所述操纵元件(7)的位置的位置感测器件，其中，根据所述位置感测器件的测量值能够实施制动元件的闭锁控制。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，该电制动器是盘式制动器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述制动体是制动盘(9)。
15.根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，该电制动器具有紧急停止单元，借助于该紧急停止单元使所述制动元件在所述电动机无电流的状态下机械地固定。
16.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电制动器，其特征在于，该电制动器是鼓式制动器或杆式制动器。
17.根据权利要求16所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述制动体是分段式夹紧件(15)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电制动器，其特征在于，所述操纵元件(7)和所述制动块(8)的轴向运动借助于锥体(16)转化为所述制动体的径向运动。
CN201810185530.6A 2017-03-08 2018-03-07 电制动器 Pending CN108571543A (zh)

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