CN110386852B - Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110386852B CN110386852B CN201910654880.7A CN201910654880A CN110386852B CN 110386852 B CN110386852 B CN 110386852B CN 201910654880 A CN201910654880 A CN 201910654880A CN 110386852 B CN110386852 B CN 110386852B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of explosive production, in particular to an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and a preparation method thereof; the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 91-93 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 3.5-4.5 parts of coal powder; 3-4 parts of a composite oil phase; 3-4 parts of copper sulfate; the composite oil phase comprises diesel oil and composite wax, and the weight ratio of the diesel oil to the composite wax is 3-4: 1-2. The coal powder is selected to replace wood powder as a combustible agent of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, copper sulfate is added at the same time, and the composition proportion of the composite oil phase is synergistically improved, so that compared with the traditional expanded nitric acid explosive taking wood powder as a combustible agent, the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has the advantages of greatly improved performance, high combustion heat value, high density, low cost and stable quality, and the improved explosive has good fluidness, is not easy to absorb moisture, and has obvious sympathetic explosion and detonation velocity promotion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of explosive production, in particular to an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the traditional production process formula of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is industrial explosive which is prepared by mixing expanded ammonium nitrate with self-sensitization property and low density as oxidant and wood powder and composite fuel oil as combustible agent. The traditional expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has the following defects: 1. due to the low density of the wood powder, the finished expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has low density and small work-doing capacity per unit volume. 2. The wood flour has poor free-running property, and the performance of the product is influenced because the wood flour is easy to absorb moisture. 3. Wood resources in China are relatively deficient, wood flour in the market is often mixed with impurities such as bakelite, the quality cannot be guaranteed, and the cost is high. 4. The combustion heat value of the wood flour is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and the preparation method thereof are provided, and the defects of the traditional expanded explosive are overcome through the improvement of the formula and the preparation method, and particularly the work capacity of the explosive is increased.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
91-93 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 3.5-4.5 parts of coal powder; 3-4 parts of a composite oil phase; 3-4 parts of copper sulfate;
the composite oil phase comprises diesel oil and composite wax, and the weight ratio of the diesel oil to the composite wax is 3-4: 1-2.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive comprises the following steps:
step 1: dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to obtain saturated solution, adding swelling agent, dissolving, and puffing in a vacuum puffing tank to obtain semi-finished product;
step 2: mixing the expanded ammonium nitrate obtained in the step 1 with coal powder, composite oil and copper sulfate to obtain a mixture;
and step 3: and (4) charging and packaging the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain the finished expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the formula of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive provided by the invention, the pulverized coal is selected to replace wood powder as a combustible agent of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, copper sulfate is added at the same time, and the component proportion of the composite oil phase is synergistically improved, so that compared with the traditional expanded ammonium nitrate explosive taking wood powder as a combustible agent, the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has the advantages of greatly improved performance, high combustion heat value, high density, low cost and stable quality, and the improved explosive has good fluidness, is not easy to absorb moisture, and is obviously induced explosion and detonation velocity improvement.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: by selecting the coal powder to replace wood powder as the combustible agent of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, simultaneously adding the copper sulfate and carrying out synergistic improvement on the component proportion of the composite oil phase, the performance of the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is greatly improved compared with the traditional expanded nitric acid explosive taking the wood powder as the combustible agent.
The invention provides an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
91-93 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 3.5-4.5 parts of coal powder; 3-4 parts of a composite oil phase; 3-4 parts of copper sulfate;
the composite oil phase comprises diesel oil and composite wax, and the weight ratio of the diesel oil to the composite wax is 3-4: 1-2.
Further, the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
92 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 4 parts of coal powder; 3.5 parts of a composite oil phase; 3.5 parts of copper sulfate;
the composite oil phase is formed by melting and mixing diesel oil and composite wax according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 1.5.
In the formula of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the pulverized coal is selected to replace wood powder as a combustible agent of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, copper sulfate is added at the same time, and the composition proportion of the composite oil phase is synergistically improved, so that compared with the traditional expanded ammonium nitrate explosive using wood powder as a combustible agent, the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has the advantages of greatly improved performance, high combustion heat value, high density, low cost and stable quality, and the improved explosive has good fluidness, is not easy to absorb moisture, and is obviously promoted by sympathetic explosion and explosion velocity.
Further, in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the composite oil phase is formed by mixing diesel oil, composite wax, semi-refined paraffin and vaseline according to the weight ratio of 4: 1: 0.3: 0.2.
From the above description, the explosive performance is further improved by improving the component proportion of the composite oil phase.
Further, in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the composite wax is any one of MF-1 composite wax, MF-2 composite wax and LF-2 composite wax.
Further, in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the pulverized coal is coking coal, anthracite or lignite.
Further, the preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive comprises the following steps:
step 1: dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to obtain saturated solution, adding swelling agent, dissolving, and puffing in a vacuum puffing tank to obtain semi-finished product;
and 2, step: mixing the expanded ammonium nitrate obtained in the step 1 with coal powder, composite oil and copper sulfate to obtain a mixture;
and 3, step 3: and (3) charging and packaging the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a finished product of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.
Further, in the preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the step 1 specifically comprises: dissolving ammonium nitrate with water to obtain 125-138 deg.C saturated solution, adding 0.12-0.15% bulking agent, dissolving, and puffing in a vacuum puffing tank for 8-12min to obtain a material with water content of 0.1% or less and bulk density of 0.53g/cm or less 3 Obtaining a semi-finished product.
Further, in the preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the pulverized coal is obtained by grinding and drying coking coal, the moisture content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 1.5%, the ash content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 10%, the calorific value of the pulverized coal is greater than or equal to 7000kcal/kg, and the granularity of the pulverized coal is 60-100 meshes.
Example 1
An expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
91 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 3.5 parts of coal powder; 3 parts of a composite oil phase; 3 parts of copper sulfate;
the composite oil phase is formed by melting and mixing diesel oil and composite wax according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 1.5.
The coal dust is coking coal.
The composite wax is MF-1 composite wax.
The preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive comprises the following steps:
step 1: dissolving ammonium nitrate with water to 125 deg.C saturated solution, adding 0.12% bulking agent, dissolving completely, sucking into vacuum bulking tank, and bulking for 8min to make its water content less than or equal to 0.1% and bulk density less than or equal to 0.53g/cm 3 Obtaining a semi-finished product;
step 2: mixing the expanded ammonium nitrate obtained in the step 1 with coal powder, a composite oil phase and copper sulfate to obtain a mixture;
and 3, step 3: and (3) charging and packaging the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a finished product of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.
The pulverized coal is obtained by grinding and drying coking coal, the moisture content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the ash content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 10 percent, the heat productivity is more than or equal to 7000kcal/kg, and the granularity is 60-100 meshes.
Example 2
The invention provides an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
92 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 4 parts of coal powder; 3.5 parts of a composite oil phase; 3.5 parts of copper sulfate;
the coal dust is coking coal.
The composite oil phase is formed by mixing diesel oil, composite wax, semi-refined paraffin and vaseline according to the weight ratio of 4: 1: 0.3: 0.2;
the composite wax is MF-2 composite wax.
The preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive comprises the following steps:
step 1: dissolving ammonium nitrate with water to obtain 130 deg.C saturated solution, adding 0.13% bulking agent, dissolving completely, sucking into a vacuum bulking tank, and bulking for 10min to make its water content less than or equal to 0.1% and bulk density less than or equal to 0.53g/cm 3 Obtaining a semi-finished product;
step 2: mixing the expanded ammonium nitrate obtained in the step 1 with coal powder, a composite oil phase and copper sulfate to obtain a mixture;
and step 3: and (3) charging and packaging the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a finished product of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.
The pulverized coal is obtained by grinding and drying coking coal, the moisture content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the ash content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 10 percent, the heat productivity is more than or equal to 7000kcal/kg, and the granularity is 60-100 meshes.
Example 3
The invention provides an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
93 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 4.5 parts of coal powder; 4 parts of a composite oil phase; 4 parts of copper sulfate;
the coal dust is coking coal.
Further, in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the composite oil phase is formed by mixing diesel oil, composite wax, semi-refined paraffin and vaseline according to the weight ratio of 4: 1: 0.3: 0.2.
Further, in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the composite wax is LF-2 composite wax.
The preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive comprises the following steps:
step 1: dissolving ammonium nitrate with water to obtain 138 deg.C saturated solution, adding 0.15% bulking agent, dissolving, sucking into vacuum bulking tank, and bulking for 12min to make its water content less than or equal to 0.1% and bulk density less than or equal to 0.53g/cm 3 Obtaining a semi-finished product;
step 2: mixing the expanded ammonium nitrate obtained in the step 1 with coal powder, a composite oil phase and copper sulfate to obtain a mixture;
and step 3: and (3) charging and packaging the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a finished product of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.
The pulverized coal is obtained by grinding and drying coking coal, the moisture content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the ash content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 10 percent, the heat productivity is more than or equal to 7000kcal/kg, and the granularity is 60-100 meshes.
The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared in the above example is subjected to performance test, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 test results of performance of pulverized coal and expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared therefrom and expansion of wood flour as a combustible agent
Ammonium nitrate explosive performance test results
In conclusion, in the formula of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive provided by the invention, the pulverized coal is selected to replace wood powder as a combustible agent of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, the copper sulfate is added at the same time, and the composition proportion of the composite oil phase is synergistically improved, so that compared with the traditional expanded ammonium nitrate explosive using wood powder as a combustible agent, the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has the advantages of greatly improved performance, high combustion heat value, high density, low cost and stable quality, and the improved explosive has good fluidity, is not easy to absorb moisture, and is sympathetic explosion and explosion velocity are obviously improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is characterized in that the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
92 parts of expanded ammonium nitrate; 4 parts of coal powder; 3.5 parts of a composite oil phase; 3.5 parts of copper sulfate;
the coal powder is coking coal, the ignition point is 360 ℃, and the heat value is 25-32 MJ/kg; the pulverized coal is obtained by grinding and drying coking coal, the moisture content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the ash content of the pulverized coal is less than or equal to 10 percent, the heat productivity is greater than or equal to 7000kcal/kg, and the granularity is 60-100 meshes;
the composite oil phase is formed by mixing diesel oil, composite wax, semi-refined paraffin and vaseline according to the weight ratio of 4: 1: 0.3: 0.2, and the composite wax is MF-2 composite wax;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to obtain 130 deg.C saturated solution, adding 0.13% bulking agent, dissolving, and sucking into a vacuum puffing tankPuffing for 10min to water content of 0.1% or less and bulk density of 0.53g/cm or less 3 Obtaining a semi-finished product;
step 2: mixing the expanded ammonium nitrate obtained in the step 1 with coal powder, copper sulfate and a composite oil phase to obtain a mixture;
and step 3: filling and packaging the mixture obtained in the step 1 to obtain a finished expanded ammonium nitrate explosive;
the density of the finished expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is 0.95g/cm 3 The detonation velocity of the explosive is 3754m/s, and the gap distance is 6 cm.
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| RU2194688C2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-20 | ОАО "Знамя" | Composition of granulated explosive and method of preparation thereof |
| CN100358845C (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2008-01-02 | 广东省四○一厂 | Method for preparing high density bulking ammonium nitrate explosive |
| CN101348403B (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2011-11-16 | 浙江永进化工有限公司 | Waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation technique thereof |
| CN108530238A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南南岭民用爆破器材股份有限公司 | A kind of bulking ammonium nitrate explosive of powdered rice hulls as incendiary agent |
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