KR101249762B1 - Solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal and method of manufacturing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal and a manufacturing method are provided to fully replace biomass such as charcoal, wood, and sugarcane bark currently used as a fuel for cooking in foreign developing countries in order to reduce excessive logging, disforestation, forest damage, and so on generated in the use of biomass fuels, thereby contributing to the intact conservation of forest and afforestation. CONSTITUTION: A solid fuel for cooking and heating includes 40 to 60 wt% of bituminous coal as a main combustion source, 5 to 15 wt% of one or a mixture of two selected from a group of sodium nitrate and charcoal powder as an ignition agent for improving the ignition property of the bituminous coal, 3 to 8 wt% of caustic soda as a conductive catalyst for maintaining the combustion of the bituminous coal, 3 to 8 wt% of water as an adhesive for the caking property of the bituminous coal, and a remnant which is one or a mixture of two selected from a group of red clay, kaolin, coal waste resources, low-calorie bituminous/anthracitic coal as a hardening agent for improving the caking property of the bituminous coal. [Reference numerals] (AA) Diameter 149MM; (BB) Height 100MM;

Description

Solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal, and its manufacturing method {SOLID FUEL FOR COOKING AND HEATING USING BITUMINOUS COAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF}

The present invention relates to a solid fuel manufactured by molding bituminous coal, not anthracite coal, and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a solid fuel that can be used for cooking and short-term heating.

In general, briquettes are cylindrical solid fuels formed by anthracite coal as a main raw material, or by blending other carbides or by mixing a binder. The Korean Industrial Standard requires that the calorific value of briquettes should be 4,600 Kcal or more, and the weight should be 3.6 kg or more for the first molding and 3.3 kg or more for drying. On the other hand, according to Article 2 of the Enforcement Regulations of the Korean Coal Industry Act, processed coal with more than 60 percent of imported coal is processed and the weight less than 3kg per molding unit is excluded from briquettes.

As such, the term briquettes in Korea is strictly defined industrially and legally, but internationally, briquette is often used as a term corresponding to briquettes. Let's call it briquettes.

When briquettes are used for cooking purposes, they are also called cooking briquettes. In the tropical or subtropical climate zones that do not require heating, heat energy is used mainly for cooking, so the coal is in demand. Of course, there are many places with the demand for partial heating. Among these countries, charcoal, firewood, wood pallets, sugar cane husks, and even animal manure are often used as primary fuels for cooking or partial heating, even if the fuel comes from chemicals such as gas and oil. Collectively, these are called biomass, and the cooking solid fuel made from coal is called coal. The type of coal used as cooking fuel to date has been the case of using coal in the form of agglomerate, and the case of manufacturing coal from the briquette of round briquettes or round and square briquettes. However, among these, briquette molding for cooking and partial heating, which achieved complete combustion with bituminous coal, has not been successful. Therefore, the development of bituminous coal briquettes based on the manufacturing technology of bituminous coal briquettes and also based on the patented technology of the boiler which is a combustion body of bituminous coal briquettes (Patent No. 10-0951576) is a very special technology among these biomass users. Become one.

According to the ASTM classification method (ASTM D388-84), coal is divided into anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite depending on the content of fixed carbon and volatile matter. Bituminous coal referred to in the present invention refers to all coal except anthracite coal.

Overseas developing countries are using wood or charcoal as a fuel for cooking instead of oil and gas, which has soared every year. As a result, logging, environmental problems, and energy inefficiency have emerged. In addition, bituminous coal, which is widely mined in developing countries overseas, cannot be used because it does not have a proper technology for cooking and partial heating. In particular, even in the case of wood, among the biomass, the heating value is low since 85% of the weight is converted to the gas compound at 500 ° C. In the case of coal, the carbon content is 75% to 90%, whereas the biomass is only about 50%. In light of this, alternative technologies for fuel, such as cooking using bituminous coal, will have to become a very important intermediate technology. In reality, even though there are many biomass populations, the development trend of coal utilization technology is moving toward CCS (Carbon Capture & Storage), Advanced Combustion Technology, Gasification & Liquefaction. Applicable and practical technology is currently not available to meet the direct demand for cooking and partial heating.

Non-coal-based complex coals, such as conventional Korean lightning coals and charcoal-fired coals, are made by mixing charcoal, barium and powdered sodium nitrate to form a shape and size. Lightning coal and charcoal coal have a thermal conduction in the entire product within a few seconds of ignition, the entire surface is burned in 5 to 7 minutes, and burns for 1 to 2 hours. In general, charcoal can be continuously burned for 2 hours by 1.5 ~ 2kg. Briquettes used in Korean households have slower thermal conductivity than lightning and charcoal fired coals, but have an advantage of burning time of 6 to 7 hours.

However, the above-mentioned conventional Korean lightning coal, charcoal coal, briquettes do not fit the local situation in developing countries abroad. Lightning charcoal and charcoal charcoal use charcoal as its main raw material, and other chemicals such as gunpowder complexes and barium.In the developing world, the materials used for lightning charcoal and charcoal charcoal are not suitable for use in developing countries. This expensive and main ingredient, charcoal, is the main culprit of unauthorized logging and deforestation in developing countries, where the population is large, and wood and charcoal are mainly used for cooking. The resulting environmental problems have long been overwhelming. In addition, anthracite coal, which is the main raw material of Korean briquettes, is not mined much in overseas developing countries, and there is a fundamental problem that bituminous coal is mainly mined. The intermediate technology stage as a way to solve this problem is still not universalized, and therefore, the question of whether it is possible to produce small briquettes for cooking purposes using bituminous coal is a technical subject. Developing a coal briquette using bituminous coal and securing a mass-producing system is not only a matter of obtaining alternative fuels for cooking purposes, but also forest protection, personal health and environmental issues from biomass use, and coal agglomeration. Or it can be a direct solution to the problems of incomplete combustion, such as mixed with a partial rudimentary binder.

The present invention has a direct relationship with Patent No. 10-0951576 (filed on September 25, 2009, registered on March 31, 2010), “Briquette coal for coal briquettes”, and this patent technology is a combustion body of briquette for bituminous coal. The present invention relates to the conditions for the complete combustion in the form, and if it is the result of an empirical experiment to find the most suitable binder binding state in forming shaped briquettes using bituminous coal by expanding it, the present invention reduces the catering to The main focus is on providing briquette briquettes in a state that can be used primarily for short-term heating.

Red clay, which is generally known to be suitable as a binder mixture for bituminous coal combustion, is often used when forming into agglomerate form called coal briquettes using bituminous coal, but in the briquettes, it is difficult to maintain a mixing ratio to achieve complete combustion. It was difficult. This limit was due to the different volatility of bituminous coal, and to the different component content of each region, even loess. As a result, the mixing ratio of bituminous coal and loess could not be determined, and of course, the mass production of briquettes was not made. For example, as seen in the Korean briquettes, it was extremely difficult to obtain proper combustion characteristics while maintaining the inherent appearance of briquettes, such as 15 cm in height and 3.6 kg in weight, as determined by KS standards. Therefore, until now, the mixing ratio of loess for forming briquettes using bituminous coal has been extremely difficult to realize, and no case of stably mass producing briquettes using bituminous coal has been found.

Bituminous coal is not easy to form when briquettes are made of bituminous coal itself because of high volatility, low ash content and cohesiveness, and in particular, it is not easy to control the combustion state in the form of continuous and stable combustion due to high volatility. In an upright cylindrical structure such as that used in the present invention, complete combustion is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is necessary to downsize the briquettes. However, when miniaturizing briquettes, especially for cooking purposes, it is very difficult to maintain this combustion state stably. In miniaturizing briquettes, controlling the volatility of bituminous coal, properly timed combustion and finding a material that leads to complete combustion requires the following process.

First, the content of the binder, second, the bonding ratio of the binder, third, the mechanical device for bonding the binder, fourth, control the moisture content for bonding the coal and the binder, fifth, the maintenance of briquette holes for combustion Sixth, securing a mechanical device capable of mass production stably.

Patent number 10-0951576

In order to solve the problems described above, the present invention is cheaper than wood or charcoal by using a low-cost bituminous coal and complexing agents, adhesives, curing agents, conduction catalysts to meet the local situation in developing countries where bituminous coal is mined. The purpose is to provide fuel for cooking and short-term heating.

Another object of the present invention is to make a state in which the coal briquette formed by the coal briquettes having a cylindrical / upright or square / upright composition can be completely burned, the cooking and partial heating to suit the purpose It is to mix well and to make ignition quick and easy, to have sufficient calories for cooking and partial heating in short-term combustion, and to shape and mass-produce the raw materials of the blended cooked coal.

Another object of the present invention is to form a coal briquette burning in a square or square orthogonal erect composition in the form of a square or less than anthracite coal, and to the level of 30 minutes to 3 hours to achieve the purpose of cooking and partial heating It is to let combustion.

Another object of the present invention is to find the ratio of appropriate mixing with the binder material which burns while absorbing the calorific value reduced during combustion of the bituminous coal and making it as its own calorie, without damaging the calorific value of the bituminous coal. In the original calorie structure, the volatility of bituminous coal makes it function well as the original energy source, and maintaining the blending ratio of the binder material necessary for complete combustion in the miniaturization stage reaches complete combustion and also cooks and parts. It was confirmed that it was the only way to secure the right amount of heat for heating.

Another object of the present invention, combined with the advantages of the conventional Korean lightning coal, charcoal coal, briquettes ignite in 5 to 10 minutes, burning for 2 to 3 hours, sufficient and low-cost bituminous coal cooked coal for cooking To provide.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the coal briquettes of solid fuel in the form of a combined coal and binder.

Other objects, specific advantages and novel features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In order to achieve the above object, the solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention is 40 to 60% by weight of bituminous coal as a main combustion source, and a complexing agent for improving the complexability of the bituminous carbon, comprising sodium nitrate and charcoal powder. 5 to 15% by weight of any one or two selected from the group, 3 to 8% by weight caustic soda as a conductive catalyst for sustaining combustion of the bituminous coal, 3 to 8% by weight of water as an adhesive to improve the cohesiveness of the bituminous coal and the As a curing agent for improving the cohesiveness of the bituminous coal, any one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of loess, kaolin, coal waste resources, and low calorie and anthracite coal is used as a residual.

Method for producing a solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention, any one or a mixture selected from the group consisting of bituminous coal, sodium nitrate and charcoal as a solid raw material, and the presence of loess, kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie Solid phase raw material grinding step of pulverizing any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of briquettes, Liquid raw material mixing step of producing a liquid raw material by mixing caustic soda and water in a one-to-one weight ratio, and grinding in the solid phase raw material grinding step Mixing the raw materials of the liquid phase raw material mixed in the liquid phase raw material mixing step while producing a molding raw material, each of the bituminous coal 40 ~ 60% by weight, any one or a mixture selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrate and charcoal powder 5 ~ 15 wt%, caustic soda 3-8 wt%, water 3-8 wt% and ocher, kaolin, coal Molding raw material mixing step of mixing any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of waste resources, low-calorie and anthracite coal at a residual ratio, and molding by molding the molding material prepared in the molding raw material mixing step into a molding machine And a drying step of drying the molding raw material molded in the forming step.

According to the present invention, the cooked coal, which is a solid fuel using bituminous coal according to the present invention, can completely replace the use of biomass such as charcoal, wood (firewood), and sugar cane shells, which are currently used in developing countries. . Therefore, by reducing excessive logging, punishment, and deforestation occurring in the process of using these biomass fuels, it is conducive to the preservation and greening of the forest, and also caused by the environmental problems caused by the use of biomass, such as cooking or partial heating. In the case of personal health hygiene problems, which are seriously threatened by dust and gas, these are not comparable with any other intermediate material.

In addition, the present invention, even in the case of low calorie-free anthracite coal can be recycled through maintaining an appropriate binder blending ratio, greatly contributes to the recycling of waste resources. In other words, it can be recycled even in the case of Dump Coal or Coal Waste, which are not accumulated due to low heat and are becoming an environmental problem, and can be recycled with active thermal energy such as cooking and partial heating. .

1 is a perspective view of an example of a solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention will be described in detail.

Solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention, unlike the conventional Korean lightning, charcoal coal, briquettes as the main raw material is bituminous coal. The complexing agent is chile salt (sodium nitrate) or charcoal powder, the hardening agent is yellow soil (or kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie or anthracite coal), the adhesive is water, and the conductive catalyst is caustic soda (sodium hydroxide). After compression molding.

Bituminous coal is the main combustion source of cooked coal and accounts for 40 to 60% by weight. Bituminous coal is usually used in thermal power plants with a calorific value of 4,000 to 7000 kcal / kg, and it has good thermal power as was used in steam engines. Bituminous coal contains more volatile components than anthracite coal, which burns better than anthracite but does not reform and has better thermal power, but it is not suitable for forming due to its cohesiveness and the combustion time is slightly shorter than that of anthracite. have.

In order to make up for the shortcomings of bituminous coal, one or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of hardeners such as ocher, kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie and anthracite coal, or a mixture of two or more selected from the group are formed to prove combustion completely. Performance Helps to prolong combustion time, demonstrating proper combustion of bituminous coal. Here, coal waste resource means coal powder, coal waste-rock, and tailings that are lost in coal mining and become economical after mining. In addition, low calorie and coal briquettes include dump calls. The remaining bitumen after mixing the above-mentioned bituminous coal as well as the complexing agent, the conducting catalyst and the adhesive described in each weight ratio are all covered with a curing agent.

Sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate), which is a complexing agent, is used as a gunpowder material, so a small amount of sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate) can ignite within a few seconds when it is complexed. have. Sodium nitrate and charcoal powder may be used alone, but may be used by mixing in any ratio. In either case, the complexing agent comprises 5-15% by weight.

Caustic soda, a conduction catalyst, keeps the fires from Chile's salt (sodium nitrate) on and on, and burns the main raw bituminous coal. The conducting catalyst accounts for 3 to 8% by weight.

Water, which is an adhesive, is used in place of the wheat flour used in the conventional lightning coal and charcoal coal. The reason is that the loess, kaolin and the like used as binders have viscous charcoal itself, and if only water is mixed, molding can be performed without an adhesive such as wheat flour. The adhesive accounts for 3 to 8% by weight in the same proportion as the conducting catalyst.

When using the above components, the most ideal blending ratio is 50% by weight of the main raw bituminous coal (if calories of 7000kcal per kg), 10% by weight of the complexing agent Chile sodium (sodium nitrate) or charcoal powder, hardener 30% by weight of phosphorus loess (or kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie anthracite coal), 5% by weight of water as an adhesive, and 5% by weight of caustic soda as a conductive catalyst. The blending ratio may vary depending on the nature (calorie, volatile fraction) of the bituminous coal.

The manufacturing shape of the cooked coal as the solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention can be very diverse, but in the example shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of combustion holes of the same size penetrate in the vertical direction in a substantially flat cylindrical body. It is suitable for combustion to take the formed structure. Combustion holes can be molded at 9 ~ 30 levels.

Next, the manufacturing method of the solid fuel for cooking and heating using the bituminous coal which concerns on this invention which concerns on this invention is demonstrated in detail.

Solid raw materials consisting of bituminous coal as a main raw material, one or a mixture of two selected from chilestone (sodium nitrate) and charcoal powder as a complexing agent, and ocher, kaolin, coal waste resources, and low calorie anthracite coal as hardeners, respectively, have a particle size of 3 mm or less. Pulverization (solid material grinding step). At this time, the reason for making a crushing particle diameter 3 mm or less is for making mixing and shaping | molding smooth.

On the other hand, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) as the conductive catalyst and water as the adhesive are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio to form a liquid raw material (liquid raw material mixing step).

The liquid raw material and the pulverized solid raw material are mixed with each other to form a molding raw material to be introduced into a mold, and the mixing ratio thereof is 40 to 60% by weight of bituminous coal, respectively, or any one or two selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrate and charcoal powder. 5 to 15% by weight, 3 to 8% by weight caustic, 3 to 8% by weight of water, and any one or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of loess, kaolin, coal waste, low calorie anthracite coal (molding) Raw material mixing step). In order to make the molding raw material smooth, it is preferable to mix the solid phase raw material firstly, and then mix again while spraying the liquid raw material onto the first mixed solid phase raw material.

When a molding raw material is made, it is put into a molding mold and press-molded to perform compression molding (molding step). Drying the molded body completes the solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal according to the present invention (drying step).

Next, the solid fuel for cooking and heating using the coal briquettes according to the present invention and a manufacturing method thereof will be described through specific examples.

The same effect can be achieved by using 1 kg (50% by weight) of bituminous coal as a main raw material, 100 g [5% by weight] of sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate) as a complexing agent, and ocher (or kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie anthracite coal or a mixture thereof) as a curing agent. 700 g [35% by weight] was ground to 2 mm or less. These pulverized products were mixed first, and 100 g [5 wt%] of the conductive catalyst Caustic Sodium (sodium hydroxide) and 100 [5 wt%] of the adhesive water were mixed with each other once again.

The mixture was placed in a mold capable of forming the shape as shown in FIG. 1 and compression molded to prepare a cook coal having a height of 114 mm, a diameter of 149 mm, and a weight of 2 kg.

The combustion test results of this coal is shown in Table 1 below.

division

Ignition time
Burning time
Briquettes Formed
2L boiling time of water
Example 1

7 minutes
165 minutes
Formed
4 minutes

As shown in Table 1 above, the briquettes of Example 1 took 7 minutes to ignite. This is ignited at a remarkably fast speed compared to the conventional anthracite briquettes, and in particular, the utilization as cooking.

The coal briquettes of Example 1 took 165 minutes to be completely burned. In general, in consideration of the time required for cooking, the coal briquettes can be sufficiently burned by the time required for cooking, while the conventional anthracite briquettes are burned in 6 to 7 hours. This means you can save energy after was completed.

On the other hand, the coal briquettes of Example 1 is confirmed that the briquette material is formed after the combustion is completed. This means that despite the volatility of the bituminous coal, combustion has been completed at an appropriate rate, and it also offers the advantage of easy post-combustion treatment.

It also takes only 4 minutes to boil 2 liters of water, which means that it can supply enough calories per unit time for cooking.

Bituminous coal is determined by 50 to 60% by weight depending on the amount of heat per unit mass, caustic soda and water are fixed by 5% by weight, respectively, and Chilestone (sodium nitrate) is added according to the weight% of each determined bituminous coal. The mixing ratios of the various examples, adjusted in the range of 5 to 15% by weight and filled with the remaining one selected from the group consisting of loess, kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie anthracite coal or two or more mixtures selected from the group, are shown in Table 2 below. Is shown.

division

Bituminous coal
Chilean Corner
Loess, kaolin, coal waste resources, low calorie anthracite
Caustic soda
water Bituminous coal from 4000 to 6000 kcal per kg
60 wt%
5 wt% 25 wt%






5 wt%






5 wt% 7.5 wt% 22.5 wt% 10 wt% 20 wt%


Bituminous coal from 6000 to 7000 kcal per kg

55 wt% 5 wt% 30 wt% 7.5 wt% 27.5 wt% 10 wt% 25 wt% 12.5 wt% 22.5 wt% 15 wt% 20 wt%

50 wt% 5 wt% 35 wt% 7.5 wt% 32.5 wt% 10 wt% 30 wt% 12.5 wt% 27.5 wt% 15 wt% 25 wt% per kg
7000 kcal or more bituminous coal
50 wt% 5 wt% 35 wt% 7.5 wt% 32.5 wt% 10 wt% 30 wt%

The examples in which the compounding ratio of each component is shown in Table 2 show an ignition time of 5 to 10 minutes, and burned for 30 minutes to 3 hours, thereby showing suitability as a solid fuel for cooking in particular.

The embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Accordingly, such improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention as long as they are obvious to those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

40 to 60% by weight of bituminous coal as the main combustion source,
As a complexing agent to improve the complexability of the bituminous coal, 5 to 15% by weight of any one or a mixture of two selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrate and charcoal powder,
Caustic soda 3 to 8% by weight as a conductive catalyst for sustaining combustion of the bituminous coal,
3 to 8% by weight of water as an adhesive to improve the cohesiveness of the bituminous coal and
A solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal as a hardener for improving the cohesiveness of the bituminous coal, wherein any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of loess, kaolin, coal waste resources, and low calorie and anthracite coal remain. Solid phase which grinds one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of bituminous coal, sodium nitrate and charcoal, and any one or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of loess, kaolin, coal waste resources and low calorie anthracite coal as solid raw materials Raw material grinding step,
Liquid raw material mixing step of preparing a liquid raw material by mixing caustic soda and water in a one to one weight ratio,
The raw materials pulverized in the solid phase raw material grinding step are mixed with the liquid raw materials mixed in the liquid raw material mixing step, while producing a molding raw material, each selected from the group consisting of bituminous coal 40 ~ 60% by weight, sodium nitrate and charcoal powder Any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of 5 to 15% by weight of any one or two, 3 to 8% by weight of caustic soda, 3 to 8% by weight of water and loess, kaolin, coal waste, low calorie anthracite coal Molding raw material mixing step of mixing in proportion to remainder,
A molding step of compressing and molding the molding raw material prepared in the molding raw material mixing step into a molding machine;
Method for producing a solid fuel for cooking and heating using bituminous coal comprising a drying step of drying the molding raw material molded in the molding step.

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