CN101348403B - Waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation technique thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation technique thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101348403B CN101348403B CN2007100701872A CN200710070187A CN101348403B CN 101348403 B CN101348403 B CN 101348403B CN 2007100701872 A CN2007100701872 A CN 2007100701872A CN 200710070187 A CN200710070187 A CN 200710070187A CN 101348403 B CN101348403 B CN 101348403B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a waterproof rock expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and a process for preparing the same. The ammonium nitrate explosive consists of 90 to 94 percent of nitrate oxidizing agent, 3 to 5 percent of combustible agent and 3 to 5 percent of composite oil phase, wherein the composite oil phase consists of 10 to 62.5 percent of explosive special grease, 32.5 to 80 percent of special agent and 5 to 15 percent of surface-active agent. The process comprises the following steps that the nitrate oxidizing agent and water are mixed to form water phase so as to be made into expanded ammonium nitrate through crystallization and expansion; the explosive special grease and the special agent are fully molten and mixed, and then added with the surface-active agent to be mixed so as to form the composite oil phase; then, the expanded ammonium nitrate, the composite oil phase obtained in the previous steps and the dry combustible agent are mixed evenly, thereby obtaining the ammonium nitrate explosive. The process not only forms a tight firm oil film coating on the surface of the expanded ammonium nitrate, but also turns the hydrophilic surface of an expanded ammonium nitrate solid into a hydrophobic surface, thereby obtaining the effects of no moisture absorption in a humid environment and slower moisture absorption in a watered environment; moreover, the waterproof rock expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is nonlumping and has excellent free-running property.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to explosive and manufacturing technology field thereof, specifically a kind of waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation technology.
Background technology
Rock expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to explosive detonation " focus " theoretical and modern age the surfactivity theory, using extraordinary composite reactive agent is a kind of lightweight, porous, the bulk flaky ammonium nitrate that swelling agent and vacuum force crystallization technology to make, this ammonium nitrate contains many microbubbles, specific surface area is bigger, the more common ammonium nitrate of its Sensitivity to Primary Explosion is greatly improved, having the autosensibilization feature, is present better performances, uses one of product more widely.Its surface is coated with layering " tensio-active agent " hydrophobic film as thin as a wafer theoretically, can reduce rate of moisture absorption like this.But in fact because in the production process, expanded ammonium nitrate by discharging, conveying and pulverizing after, many new surface of fracture have been formed, lose the coating of original hydrophobic film on the surface of fracture, therefore lost waterproof effect, and because its specific surface area is big, unit mass is low weight, rate of moisture absorption is more much bigger than common ammonium nitrate on the contrary, that is to say that the bulking ammonium nitrate explosive water absorbability is more much better than than an-tnt explosive, just aggravation of explosive caking hardened speed and degree after a large amount of moisture absorptions, thus the performance of product directly influenced, serious even cause product failure and can't use.
Domestic colleges and universities and some manufacturers have carried out a large amount of research and trial-production to the water-repellancy of bulking ammonium nitrate explosive, have proposed some waterproof expanded explosive prescriptions, but we are by some tests, and effect is not satisfactory.Also there is unit to propose the part water-proof material is added aqueous phase, act synergistically with swelling agent, in puffing process, form covering property expanded ammonium nitrate preferably, this expanded ammonium nitrate has certain water-repellancy, but the water-proof material covered effect that a large amount of sections newly that form after process is pulverized and later stage add is not good, its water-repellancy is had a greatly reduced quality, and this technology has caused new safety problem simultaneously, thereby at present domestic still incompetent waterproof bulking ammonium nitrate explosive prescription and the technology that is applied to produce.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of blast performance to meet national standard, be difficult for moisture absorption, the hardened waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive does not lump
Another object of the present invention provides that a kind of blast performance meets national standard, is difficult for moisture absorption, the preparation technology of the hardened waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive that do not lump
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The component of waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive is by mass percentage by 90%～94% nitrate oxidizer (expanded ammonium nitrate), 3%～5% combustible agent (wood powder), 3%～5% compounded oil phase composite.Nitrate oxidizer wherein is that nitrate oxidizer and moisture content are mixed into the expanded ammonium nitrate that the water post crystallization makes after expanded, combustible agent is the mixture of wood powder or coal dust or wood powder and coal dust, and compound oil phase is explosive special-purpose grease, extraordinary agent and surfactant mixtures;
The consumption of each component can be 10%～62.5% for the explosive special-purpose grease in the compounded oil phase mixture, and extraordinary agent is 32.5%～85%, and tensio-active agent is 5%～15%;
Tensio-active agent can be stearylamine or polyacrylamide;
Extraordinary agent can be Vaseline, slack wax, Vaseline and machine oil mixture, Vaseline and low temperature coal-tar pitch mixture, Vaseline and machine oil and mineral wax mixture, slack wax and machine oil mixture, slack wax and low temperature coal-tar pitch mixture, low temperature coal-tar pitch and diesel fuel mixtures;
Extraordinary agent major requirement: a, has the higher combustion heat; B, with ammonium nitrate higher sticking power is arranged; C, be easy to the ammonium nitrate particle internal penetration with at surface spreading; D, has stronger hydrophobic nature; E, have processibility and lower cost preferably.Just mainly consider its film-forming properties, toughness, suitable viscosity and denseness should be arranged, should consider also that simultaneously raw material sources are rich and cheap.
Its technology of waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive and the step that prepare above-mentioned component and proportioning are as follows:
(1) take by weighing each component by proportional quantity, nitrate oxidizer and water are mixed into water, crystallization is expanded, makes expanded ammonium nitrate;
(2) explosive special-purpose grease and extraordinary agent is fully melt-blended, add the compound oil phase of the melt-blended one-tenth of stearylamine or polyacrylamide again;
(3) the expanded ammonium nitrate that makes in the abovementioned steps, the compounded oil mixture together with exsiccant wood powder or coal dust or wood powder and coal dust, three components mix continuously, promptly make waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive.
Above-mentioned step (2) can be for earlier fully melt-blended with explosive special-purpose grease and extraordinary agent, after temperature reaches 80 ℃～100 ℃, adds stearylamine again or polyacrylamide is melt-blended, heats up to reach 110 ℃～120 ℃ technological temperatures and make compound oil phase;
Temperature range when three components mix continuously in the above-mentioned step (3) can be at 50 ℃～90 ℃.
The explosive special-purpose grease meets following condition in the above-mentioned component:
| Analysis project | Unit | Standard | Measured result | Test method |
| Dropping point is not less than | ℃ | 55 | 66 | GB/T3498 |
| Oleaginousness | ％ | 11-23 | 16.35 | GB/T3554 |
| Flash-point (opening) is not less than | ℃ | 200 | 269.1 | GB/T267 |
| Viscosity (100 ℃) | mm 2/s | 5-12 | 9.059 | GB/T265 |
| Moisture is not more than | ％ | Vestige | Do not have | GB/T260 |
| Water soluble acid or alkali | ? | Do not have | Do not have | GB/T259 |
| Mechanical impurity is not more than | ％ | 0.1 | Do not have | GB/T511 |
The waterproof type bulking ammonium nitrate explosive that above-mentioned component proportioning and preparation method obtain: 1. blast performance meets national standard; 2. water resistance reaches: powder stick is embedded in the mud slurry gap distance 3cm after 2 hours, is dipped in the depth of water 30cm water gap distance 2cm after 1 hour.And the sclerosis of can not luming, the medicinal powder free-running property is also fine simultaneously.
Waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention, with Vaseline, slack wax or and machine oil, the low temperature coal-tar pitch, paraffin, the mixture with waterproof action that the mixture of diesel oil and tensio-active agent are formed has substituted the compound oil phase in original rock expanded ammonium nitrate explosive component, make expanded ammonium nitrate after pulverizing, produce a large amount of new sections, because being formed closely knit firm oil film by water-proof material coats, and stopped production process, storage and transport process and use and air, water contact back moisture absorption causes product performance to descend, also have because selected the strongest aliphatic hydrocarbon base class tensio-active agent of hydrophobicity for use, it makes expanded ammonium nitrate solid surface wetting ability become the surface of hydrophobic nature, thereby the generation and the schedule speed that have stoped moisture absorption, reached non-hygroscopic at wet environment, the slower effect of moisture absorption in the water environment, also has this formulation product owing to do not lump, free-running property is good, be easy to the powder charge packing in process of production, when the terminal user uses, particularly in the coupling charging process, improve loading rate to a great extent, reduced labour cost.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment, and following embodiment only is used to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, but to not restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 62.5% explosive special-purpose grease and 32.5% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 80 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 50 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3571m/s, brisance 15.62mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 3cm2/3,2cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 2
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 10% explosive special-purpose grease and 85% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 80 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% polyacrylamide again and reaches 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 94% expanded ammonium nitrate, 3% wood powder and 3% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 90 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 5cm3/3, explosion velocity 3906m/s, brisance 15.34mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 3cm2/3,2cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 3
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 62.5% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 7.5% and 25% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 80 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3401m/s, brisance 14.4mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 2cm2/3,1cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 4
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.The mixture oven dry of wood powder and coal dust is stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 55% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 7.5%, paraffin 7.5% and 25% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 85 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% stearylamine again and reaches 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.92.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.0% wood powder and 3.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3512m/s, brisance 14.7mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 5
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 40% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 10%, paraffin 10% and 30% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 95 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% polyacrylamide again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.90% expanded ammonium nitrate, 5.0% wood powder and 5.0% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 70 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3623m/s, brisance 15.1mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 6
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get 40% heating of 50% explosive special-purpose grease and slack wax, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.0% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 75 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3597m/s, brisance 15.00mm.Gap distance 1cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 7
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 40% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 10% and slack wax 35% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 80 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 15% stearylamine again and reach 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 65 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3521m/s, brisance 14.78mm.Gap distance 1cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 8
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 35% explosive special-purpose grease, 10% low temperature coal-tar pitch and slack wax 40% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 15% polyacrylamide again and reach 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 85 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3496m/s, brisance 15.17mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 9
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 40% explosive special-purpose grease, 10% low temperature coal-tar pitch and Vaseline 40% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% stearylamine again and reach 115 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 55 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3496m/s, brisance 14.59mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 10
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 50% explosive special-purpose grease, 10% low temperature coal-tar pitch and diesel oil 35% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% stearylamine again and reach 115 ℃ and make compound oil phase.93% expanded ammonium nitrate, 3.5% wood powder and 3.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3623m/s, brisance 14.54mm.Gap distance 3cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 11
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 20% explosive special-purpose grease and 70% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 85 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 55 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3731m/s, brisance 14.25mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 3cm2/3,2cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 12
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 30% explosive special-purpose grease and 57.5% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 85 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 12.5% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3676m/s, brisance 14.82mm.Gap distance 3cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 13
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 40% explosive special-purpose grease and 50% slack wax, when temperature reaches 85 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 55 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3759m/s, brisance 15.10mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 3cm2/3,2cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 14
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.Get 50% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 15% and slack wax 25% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 85 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% polyacrylamide again and reach 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 65 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3623m/s, brisance 14.56mm.Gap distance 1cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 15
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 60% explosive special-purpose grease, 15% low temperature coal-tar pitch and 20% slack wax, when temperature reaches 95 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% polyacrylamide again and reaches 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 65 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3597m/s, brisance 15.12mm.Gap distance 3cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 16
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 40% explosive special-purpose grease, 10% low temperature coal-tar pitch and Vaseline 42.5% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 7.5% stearylamine again and reach 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 70 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3571m/s, brisance 14.37mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 17
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 50% explosive special-purpose grease, 10% low temperature coal-tar pitch and diesel oil 35% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 105 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% polyacrylamide again and reach 115 ℃ and make compound oil phase.93% expanded ammonium nitrate, 3.5% wood powder and 3.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3546m/s, brisance 15.61mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 3cm2/3,2cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 18
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get 40% heating of 50% explosive special-purpose grease and slack wax, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% polyacrylamide again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.0% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 75 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3650m/s, brisance 15.13mm.Gap distance 3cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 19
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 30% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 15%, paraffin 15% and 30% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 95 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% polyacrylamide again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.0% wood powder and 4.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 70 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3597m/s, brisance 14.76mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 20
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.The mixture oven dry of wood powder and coal dust is stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 45% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 17.5%, paraffin 7.5% and 25% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 85 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% stearylamine again and reaches 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.92.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.0% wood powder and 3.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3512m/s, brisance 15.05mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 2cm2/3,1cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 21
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 52.5% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 17.5% and 25% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 100 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 5% polyacrylamide again and reaches 110 ℃ and make compound oil phase.91% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4.5% wood powder and 4.5% compound oil phase three components are carried out continuous three material mix, mixing temperature is 75 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3623m/s, brisance 14.26mm.Gap distance 3cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 22
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Coal dust is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 15% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 15% and 60% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 95 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 10% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 93% expanded ammonium nitrate, 3% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 85 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 5cm3/3, explosion velocity 3704m/s, brisance 15.43mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 3cm2/3,2cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 23
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 10% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 15% and 60% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 90 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 15% stearylamine again and reaches 120 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 80 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3521m/s, brisance 14.89mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Embodiment 23
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.It is fully melt-blended to get the heating of 15% explosive special-purpose grease, machine oil 30% and 40% Vaseline, when temperature reaches 90 ℃, adds the melt-blended Heating temperature of 15% stearylamine again and reaches 115 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 4% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 80 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3571m/s, brisance 13.98mm.Powder stick immerses in the water gap distance 2cm2/3,1cm3/3 behind the 30cm.
Embodiment 24
Dissolve in the jar at water and to add 9.6% hot water, add 90.4% ammonium nitrate again, heat temperature raising fully dissolves it and reaches 125 ℃～135 ℃ of technological temperatures, and the solution that configures is carried out expanded crystallization, and to make expanded ammonium nitrate stand-by.Wood powder is dried stand-by.Get 45% explosive special-purpose grease, 5% low temperature coal-tar pitch and diesel oil 35% heating is fully melt-blended, when temperature reaches 90 ℃, add the melt-blended Heating temperature of 15% polyacrylamide again and reach 115 ℃ and make compound oil phase.By proportioning is after 92.5% expanded ammonium nitrate, 4% wood powder and 3.5% compound oil phase three components measure respectively, carries out continuous three material and mixes, and mixing temperature is 75 ℃, and discharging makes waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive continuously.Blast performance and water resistance: gap distance 4cm3/3, explosion velocity 3546m/s, brisance 14.83mm.Gap distance 2cm3/3 behind the 30cm in the powder stick immersion water.
Explosive special-purpose grease (major ingredient is oil and wax) used in the foregoing description meets following condition:
| Analysis project | Unit | Standard | Measured result | Test method |
| Dropping point is not less than | ℃ | 55 | 66 | GB/T3498 |
| Oleaginousness | ％ | 11-23 | 16.35 | GB/T3554 |
| Flash-point (opening) is not less than | ℃ | 200 | 269.1 | GB/T267 |
| Viscosity (100 ℃) | mm 2/s | 5-12 | 9.059 | GB/T265 |
| Moisture is not more than | ％ | Vestige | Do not have | GB/T260 |
| Water soluble acid or alkali | ? | Do not have | Do not have | GB/T259 |
| Mechanical impurity is not more than | ％ | 0.1 | Do not have | GB/T511 |
Above-mentioned best product is through carrying out shelf test, and the performance of product sees the following form in the storage process:
Test-results shows that waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention has good blast performance, water resistance and shelf characteric.This formulation product free-running property is good simultaneously, is easy to powder charge at production line.The use waterproof effect is obvious, finds no the sclerosis caking phenomenon.Simultaneously, the bulking ammonium nitrate explosive of this waterproof type is in the coupling charging process, free-running property is good, improved loading rate to a great extent, especially mould the expanded powder stick of wound packages major diameter waterproof type and in medium-length hole blasting, replace the emulsion explosive use, ponding is in various degree all arranged in the hole, reach 3 hours in the expanded powder stick of the waterproof type activity duration, explosion is still very successful.Show the waterproof type bulking ammonium nitrate explosive aspect water-repellancy, can satisfy the needs of the medium-length hole blasting of ponding substantially, thereby widened the use range of bulking ammonium nitrate explosive greatly.
Claims (7)
1. waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive, it contains 90%～94% nitrate oxidizer by percentage to the quality, 3%～5% combustible agent, 3%～5% compound oil phase, described nitrate oxidizer is that nitrate oxidizer and moisture content are mixed into the expanded ammonium nitrate that the water post crystallization makes after expanded, it is characterized in that: combustible agent is the mixture of wood powder or coal dust or wood powder and coal dust, and compound oil phase is explosive special-purpose grease, extraordinary agent and surfactant mixtures.
2. waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the consumption of each component is 10%-62.5% for the explosive special-purpose grease in the described compounded oil phase mixture, and hydrophobic wax is 32.5%-85%, and tensio-active agent is 5%-15%.
3. waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described tensio-active agent is stearylamine or polyacrylamide.
4. waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described hydrophobic wax is Vaseline, slack wax, Vaseline and machine oil mixture, Vaseline and low temperature coal-tar pitch mixture, Vaseline and machine oil and mineral wax mixture, slack wax and machine oil mixture, slack wax and low temperature coal-tar pitch mixture, low temperature coal-tar pitch and diesel fuel mixtures.
5. the preparation technology of waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 4 is characterized in that comprising following technology and step:
(1) take by weighing each component by proportional quantity, nitrate oxidizer and moisture content are mixed into water, crystallization is expanded, makes expanded ammonium nitrate;
(2) explosive special-purpose grease and hydrophobic wax is fully melt-blended, add the compound oil phase of the melt-blended one-tenth of stearylamine or polyacrylamide again;
(3) the expanded ammonium nitrate that makes in the abovementioned steps, the compounded oil mixture together with exsiccant wood powder or coal dust or wood powder and coal dust, three components mix continuously, promptly make waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive.
6. the preparation technology of waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described step (2) is for earlier fully melt-blended with explosive special-purpose grease and extraordinary agent, after temperature reaches 80 ℃～100 ℃, add stearylamine again or polyacrylamide is melt-blended, heating up reaches 110 ℃～120 ℃ technological temperatures and makes compound oil phase.
7. the preparation technology of waterproof type rock swelling ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the temperature range when three components mix continuously in the described step (3) is at 50 ℃～90 ℃.
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| RU2744232C1 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2021-03-03 | Санан Мехман оглы Тагиев | Industrial emulsion explosive and method for manufacturing carbon-hydrogen phase |
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| CN102584508A (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-07-18 | 薛世忠 | Preparation workstation for producing explosive |
| CN102924196B (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-12-10 | 山东天宝化工股份有限公司 | Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and method for preparing same |
| CN104496732B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-03-15 | 陈安琪 | Incendiary agent at a slow speed |
| CN106748598A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-05-31 | 福建海峡科化股份有限公司 | A kind of bulking ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN110386852B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-09-16 | 青海海西东诺化工有限公司 | Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN111233592A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-06-05 | 南京理工大学 | Water-resistant powdery ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN112919999B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-04-22 | 葛洲坝易普力湖北昌泰民爆有限公司 | Oil phase for preparing puffed ammonium nitrate explosive from coal-to-liquid intermediate and preparation method thereof |
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