CN110372742A - 一种检测氟离子的荧光探针 - Google Patents
一种检测氟离子的荧光探针 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019213 POCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.ClCCl YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MHYGQXWCZAYSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-chloro-diphenylsilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MHYGQXWCZAYSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0013—Luminescence
- A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
- A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
- A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
- A61K49/0032—Methine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种检测生物体内氟离子的荧光探针,属于分析化学技术领域。该荧光探针以菁染料QCy7为母体,以硅氧键为开关,以对羟基苄基为连接体,其化学结构通式如式()所示。本发明的荧光探针合成简单,使用方便,可以特异性与氟离子发生反应,断裂硅氧键,并通过电子转移释放荧光团QCy7的荧光。该荧光探针在检测氟离子的过程中不会受到其他离子的干扰,对氟离子具有良好的选择性,能对生物体内的氟离子进行准确检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学技术领域,涉及一种检测生物体内氟离子的荧光探针。
背景技术
氟离子是电负性最强、离子半径最小的阴离子,具有特殊的化学性质,在化学、生物、医药、军事等领域均发挥重要作用。氟离子还是人体必需的微量元素之一,研究表明生物体内的氟离子浓度失调会引发多种疾病。因此,准确测定生物体内的氟离子,在生物医学等方面具有重要意义。与传统氟离子的检测方法相比,荧光探针法具有灵敏度高、选择性好等优点,且具有良好的生物兼容性。
2003年Kim等人首次合成了基于硅氧键断裂的检测氟离子的荧光探针。常用的硅烷试剂叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷。下列化合物是由Zhang等人根据ICT机理合成的以三异丙基氯硅烷为开关检测氟离子的荧光探针。氟离子进攻,导致硅氧键断裂,通过电子转移,最终打断肽键,改变分子结构,释放荧光。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术上的不足,提供了一种检测生物体内氟离子的荧光探针。
本发明所述的一种检测氟离子的荧光探针,该荧光探针的化学结构通式如式()所示:
(I)。
上述检测氟离子的荧光探针以如下方法制备:
中间体3的制备:将2,3,3-三甲基吲哚和碘乙烷混合均匀后,80 °C反应至有大量紫色固体生成。过滤,石油醚洗涤得到紫色固体3。
中间体7的制备:在反应瓶中加入浓盐酸,向反应瓶中加入水杨醛和多聚甲醛,逐滴加入POCl3,室温下反应18h,产生固体,过滤,用3%NaHCO3和蒸馏水洗涤滤饼,将所得粗产品在石油醚中重结晶得到白色固体化合物6。
在圆底烧瓶中加入50%的乙酸溶液,向反应瓶中加入化合物6和六次亚甲基四胺,回流1h,然后向反应瓶中加入浓盐酸,回流5min,将反应液倒入冰水中得到浅黄色固体化合物7。
中间体14的制备:在圆底烧瓶中加入对羟基苯甲醛、三乙胺和二氯甲烷,分批加入叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷,室温反应12小时。反应完成后,用1 M HCl和饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到浅黄色的油状液体10。
在圆底烧瓶中加入化合物10,四氢呋喃作溶剂,在冰水浴条件下加入硼氢化钠,室温下过夜反应。反应完成后,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,得浅黄色油状液体。利用硅胶色谱柱法对所得的粗产品提纯(乙酸乙酯:石油醚 = 1:4),最终得到无色透明的油状液体化合物11。
将三苯基磷和四溴化碳溶解在无水乙醚中,室温搅拌30min后,将化合物11加入到反应体系中,室温条件下反应3h,有大量白色固体产生,反应完成后,过滤除掉白色固体,滤液真空浓缩得到淡黄色油状液体化合物12,未经提纯直接用于下一步。
将中间体7和碳酸钾溶解于干燥的DMF中,室温搅拌30min后,将化合物9加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下过夜反应。反应完成后,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相多次水洗后,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得黄色油状液体。得到的粗产品经硅胶色谱柱提纯(乙酸乙酯:石油醚 = 1:10)得浅黄色油状液体中间体12。
探针QCy7-TBS的合成:将中间体3和中间体12加入到反应瓶中,加入的乙酸酐和乙酸钠,80°C下反应3小时。反应完成后,真空浓缩除掉乙酸酐,得到橙色油状液体。将得到的粗产品经硅胶色谱柱提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇 = 20:1)后,得到橙色固体。
本发明的合成如下所示:
。
本发明所述的检测氟离子的荧光探针在生物体内的应用。
本发明所述荧光探针可以应于检测生物体内的氟离子,具体检测方法为:取健康的小鼠,腹腔注射100 μL的探针DMSO溶液(1 mM),在注射100 µL水合氯醛(10%浓度)进行麻醉,待小鼠完全麻醉后,进行成像。然后再腹腔注射100 μL的氟化钠水溶液(10 mM),不同时间后进行成像,实验表明,注射空白探针时,小鼠体内几乎不会发出任何的荧光,当注射了氟化钠水溶液之后,随着时间的推移,小鼠体内的荧光逐渐增强,30 min时,发出强烈的荧光,与空白探针形成了鲜明的对比。通过以上测试说明此探针可以应用于活体成像,可以很好的检测生物体内的氟离子,在生物医学等方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所涉及的一种以菁染料QCy7为荧光团,以叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷为开关,对羟基苄基为连接体检测生物体内氟离子的荧光探针。本发明的荧光探针使用方便,可以特异性与氟离子发生反应释放荧光,响应灵敏,具有良好的选择性和抗干扰性,在生物体内表现出良好的成像效果,能对生物体内的氟离子进行有效检测。
附图说明
图1是荧光探针QCy7-TBS的分子结构图。
图2是荧光探针QCy7-TBS的1H NMR谱图。
图3是荧光探针QCy7-TBS的13C NMR谱图。
图4是荧光探针QCy7-TBS的紫外吸收光谱图。
图5是荧光探针QCy7-TBS的选择性光谱图。
图6是荧光探针QCy7-TBS响应时间光谱图。
图7是荧光探针QCy7-TBS对不同浓度氟离子的光谱图。
图8是荧光探针QCy7-TBS抗干扰性测试图。
图9是荧光探针QCy7-TBS对小鼠体内氟离子的检测图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
在100 mL圆底烧瓶中加入2,3,3-三甲基吲哚(20.0 g,0.126 mol)和碘乙烷(50 mL,0.62 mol)。混合均匀后,将反应体系加热至80 °C反应5小时。冷却到室温后,产生大量紫色固体,抽滤,滤饼用30 mL石油醚洗涤多次。所得固体经过真空干燥得到紫色固体(34.3 g,86.5%)。产品未经提纯可直接用于下一步。
在100 mL的三口圆底烧瓶中加入20 mL浓盐酸、水杨醛(1.22 g,10 mmol)和多聚甲醛(2.35 g)。搅拌条件下,向反应瓶中逐滴加入POCl3(1.5 mL)。滴加完毕,室温下搅拌18小时后,产生大量固体,过滤得到产品,并使用20 mL 3% NaHCO3和蒸馏水洗涤滤饼。得到的粗产品在40 mL石油醚中重结晶,得到白色固体化合物6(1.03 g,60.3%)。
在100 mL的圆底烧瓶中加入15 mL 50%的乙酸溶液,向反应瓶中加入化合物5(0.85 g,5 mmol)和六次亚甲基四胺(0.91 g,6.5 mmol)。将反应体系加热至回流1小时,然后向反应瓶中加入3 mL浓盐酸,并继续回流5分钟。反应体系冷却后,将反应液倒入冰水中得到浅黄色固体化合物中间体7(0.42 g,56%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.55 (s,1H), 10.00 (s, 1H), 9.93 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J =8.7, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ 196.21,189.34, 166.28, 137.19, 136.53, 129.26, 120.34, 118.85;mp 103.6-108.5 °C。
在100 mL的圆底烧瓶中加入对羟基苯甲醛(1.22 g,10 mmol),30 mL二氯甲烷,三乙胺(1.52 g,15 mmol),室温搅拌30 min后,加入叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(2.25 g,15mmol),室温下反应12小时。反应完成后,分别用1M HCl、饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤反应液,二氯甲烷(30 mL×3)反萃水相,合并有机相。用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤、浓缩,得到浅黄色的油状液体10(2.1 g,8.9 mmol,89%)。
在100 mL的圆底烧瓶中加入化合物10(1.0 g,4.2 mmol),20 mL无水四氢呋喃,在冰水浴下搅拌10 min后分批加入硼氢化钠(0.11 g,2.9 mmol),逐渐升温至室温,过夜反应。反应完成,用二氯甲烷(30 mL×3)萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,得浅黄色油状液体。利用硅胶色谱柱法对所得的粗产品提纯(乙酸乙酯:石油醚 = 1:4),得到无色透明的油状液体化合物11(0.64 g,2.7 mmol,63.9%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)δ7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (s, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s,6H).
将三苯基磷(0.66 g,2.5 mmol)和四溴化碳(1.04 g,0.31 mmol)溶解在20 mL无水乙醚中,室温搅拌30 min后,将化合物11加入到反应体系中,继续反应3h,有大量白色固体产生,反应完成后,过滤除掉白色固体,滤液真空浓缩得到淡黄色油状液体,未经提纯直接用于下一步。
将中间体7(0.3 g,2 mmol)和碳酸钾(0.55 g,4 mmol)溶于5 mL干燥的DMF中,室温搅拌30min后,将化合物11加入到反应体系中,过夜反应。反应完成后,将反应液倒入水中,二氯甲烷(30 mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得黄色油状液体。得到的粗产品经硅胶色谱柱提纯(乙酸乙酯:石油醚 = 1:10)得浅黄色油状液体12(0.40g,1.08 mmol,54%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.54 (s, 1H), 9.97 (s, 1H), 8.37(d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.5 Hz,3H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.23 (s, 2H), 1.01(s, 9H), 0.24 (s, 6H).
将中间体3(0.34 g,1.08 mmol)和中间体12(0.2 g,0.54 mmol)加入到50 mL的反应瓶中,加入10 mL的乙酸酐和乙酸钠(90 mg,1.08 mmol),逐渐升温至80°C,并在此温度下反应3小时。反应完成后,真空浓缩除掉乙酸酐,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×30 mL),有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得到橙色油状液体。将得到的粗产品经硅胶色谱柱提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇 = 20:1)后,得到橙色固体(0.23 g,0.24 mmol,44.2%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.87 (s, 1H), 9.31 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 9.04 – 8.88(m, 1H), 8.68 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J =16.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 9.3, 4.3 Hz, 8H), 7.41 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 5.07 (d, J = 7.1Hz, 2H), 4.95 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.67 (s, 6H), 1.60 (t, J =7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.52 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 9H), 0.18 (s,6H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.53, 182.20, 163.02, 156.37, 155.12,149.64, 144.48, 143.64, 140.17, 140.13, 140.00, 136.42, 130.07, 129.97,129.80, 129.69, 129.58, 129.34, 128.48, 127.92, 123.20, 123.04, 122.88,120.52, 120.40, 114.42, 114.17, 114.11, 113.19, 111.64, 71.79, 52.99, 52.37,46.47, 44.27, 44.09, 27.19, 27.11, 25.71, 18.30, 14.72, 14.65, 8.84, -4.32;HRMS-ESI(m / z)calcd for : C47H58IN2O2Si+,837.3307,found: 837.3286;mp 196.2-201.4 °C。
本发明对实施例1得到的探针QCy7-TBS进行了效果测试。
1. QCy7-TBS紫外吸收分析
在10 μM的QCy7-TBS的检测体系中加入40当量氟离子(pH = 7.4,DMSO:PBS缓冲液 =7:3)室温反应30 min后开始检测,如图4所示,空白探针在440 nm处有很强的吸收峰,加入氟离子后,440 nm处的吸收峰降低,630 nm处产生了强的吸收峰。从紫外吸收的变化中可以看出,氟离子的加入打断了探针中的硅氧键,释放出紫外吸收波长范围在550-700 nm的QCy7。
2. QCy7-TBS选择性分析
在10 μM的QCy7-TBS的测试体系中加入40当量氟离子,检测结果如图5,QCy7-TBS对氟离子有强烈的荧光响应,而对其他离子仅有微弱的响应,说明QCy7-TBS对氟离子具有优异的选择性。
3. QCy7-TBS对氟离子响应时间分析
接下来,我们对响应时间进行了检测,测试结果如图6所示,加入氟离子后,535 nm处的荧光强度随着时间增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,而710 nm处的荧光强度随着时间的增加逐渐增强,在较短的时间内就能达到良好的荧光强度,20 min后反应达到平衡。结果表明该探针对氟离子响应灵敏,能够在较短的时间内达到平衡,并表现出明显的荧光变化。
4. QCy7-TBS对不同浓度氟离子响应分析
之后,我们测试了探针对不同浓度的氟离子的响应情况。在图7中我们可以看到,随着氟离子浓度的增加,535 nm处的荧光强度呈现降低的趋势,而710 nm处的荧光明显增强。当氟离子浓度达到200 μM时,反应达到平衡。
5. QCy7-TBS抗干扰性分析
紧接着我们对探针进行了抗干扰性分析,测试结果如图8所示。在图中我们可以看到,710 nm处的荧光强度与535 nm处的荧光强度比值变化很小,表明当氟离子与其他离子共存时,探针QCy7-TBS依旧能够对氟离子进行选择性识别,表明该探针具有很强的抗干扰能力。
6. QCy7-TBS在生物体检测中的应用
取健康的小鼠,腹腔注射100 μL探针的DMSO溶液(1 mM),再注射100 µL水合氯醛(10%浓度)进行麻醉,待小鼠完全麻醉后,进行成像。然后腹腔注射100 μL的氟化钠水溶液(10mM),不同时间之后进行成像,如图9所示。结果显示,当只注射空白探针时,小鼠体内几乎不会发出任何的荧光,当注射了氟化钠水溶液之后,随着时间的推移,小鼠体内的荧光逐渐增强,30 min时,发出强烈的荧光,与空白探针形成了鲜明的对比。通过以上测试说明此探针可以应用于活体成像,可以很好的检测生物体内的氟离子,在生物医学等方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对发明范围的限制,所述领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种检测氟离子的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针的化学结构通式如式()所示:
(I)。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种检测生物体氟离子的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针的化学结构通式如式()所示。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种检测氟离子的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针在生物体中检测氟离子。
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