CN110352812A - A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit - Google Patents

A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110352812A
CN110352812A CN201910770118.5A CN201910770118A CN110352812A CN 110352812 A CN110352812 A CN 110352812A CN 201910770118 A CN201910770118 A CN 201910770118A CN 110352812 A CN110352812 A CN 110352812A
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China
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selenium
soil
plant
fertilizer
dragon fruit
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Inventor
刘永贤
潘丽萍
陈锦平
苏秀清
张丁清
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Geological Survey Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Guangxi Jinfu Agricultural Co., Ltd.
Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Guangxi Jinfu Agriculture Co ltd
Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201910770118.5A priority Critical patent/CN110352812A/en
Publication of CN110352812A publication Critical patent/CN110352812A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers

Abstract

The present invention relates to dragon fruit technical field of cultivation, a kind of particularly method for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit.A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit, comprising the following steps: (1) measurement of soil acidity；(2) acid soil is improved；(3) site preparation；(4) nursery；(5) it is colonized；(6) trimming and finishing；(7) fertilizer and water management；(8) orchard management；(9) the dragon fruit yield that prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control method of the invention obtains is high, the Se content in dragon fruit is obtained in 0.08mg/kg or more, meet DB 45/T1601-2014 Se-rich farm products Se content classificating requirement, improves value-added content of product, and then improve the market value of product.

Description

A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit
Technical field
The present invention relates to dragon fruit technical field of cultivation, and particularly a kind of raising soils in south china selenium activity is for planting richness The method of selenium dragon fruit.
Background technique
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undulatus Britt), Cactaceae, hylocereus platymiscium, also known as Hylocereus undatus, Passion plant, pitaya fruit, Yu Longguo.Fruit, oval, 10-12 centimetres of diameter, appearance is red or yellow, there is green fillet The thallus of triangle, white, red or yellow pulp, the fruit with black seeds.Dragon fruit is full of nutrition, function is only Spy, it contains the rare vegetable albumin of general plant and anthocyanidin, vitamin and water-soluble dietary fiber abundant.Fire Imperial fruit belongs to cool fruit, and in its natural state, fruit is in summer and autumn maturation, sweet, succulence.
The production of selenium-rich dragon fruit meets " pollution-free food woods fruit prods home environment technical conditions " (NY 5013- 2006) and " pollution-free food dragon fruit production technology regulation " (NY/T 5256-2004) is required, it is ensured that the fire produced Imperial fruit meets the requirement of pollution-free food first, next is only the Se content index request for meeting Se-rich farm products.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that raising soils in south china selenium activity is used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, flues Fruit yield is high, obtains selenium-rich content height in dragon fruit, improves value-added content of product.
The technical solution provided by the present invention is:
A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit, comprising the following steps:
(1) measurement of soil acidity: selection selenium-rich soil, in the plot of soil improvement to be carried out, along S type route, according to At random, the principle of equivalent and multiple spot mixing, acquisition farming are improved the soil a layer pedotheque, and the sampled point of each sample 30 will acquire Soil the sample of 1kg is left and taken according to quartering；Dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, using conventional method of analysis to soil pH into Row detection, obtains soil pH；
(2) improve acid soil: as soil pH < 5.5, the soil for treating improvement spreads fertilizer over the fields 40kg/ mus of quick lime, then Quick lime is uniformly mixed with topsoil using plough；Next year continues to spread fertilizer over the fields 20kg/ mus of quick lime, same to use plough raw stone Ash is uniformly mixed with topsoil；The dosage of annual quick lime halves later, until the soil pH > 6.0 of soil, stops to soil Earth spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime；
(3) site preparation: using field tractor-ploughing-plough-rake, plays furrow, the wide 2.5-3.0m of furrow, furrow width 30-50cm, and furrow face wants smooth thin Broken, field surrounding holds gutter successfully；
(4) nursery: the kind that selection is high-quality, high yield, self-pollination result power is strong, commodity is good；Seedling cuttage seeding, Ask that kind is pure, fleshy stem is full dark green, height of seedling 30cm or more, well developed root system is complete, plant no disease and pests harm；Cuttage seeding requires female Stem length has >=shoot of 10cm, and shoot has turned green；
(5) it is colonized: digging plantation hole according to line-spacing 2.5-3.0m, spacing in the rows 2m, plantation hole diameter is 80-100cm, and depth is 50-60cm is put and cubsoil backfill in part is first used for vertical columns in lowest level when returning soil after column, then mixes base manure and surface soil Continuing to backfill after even, the surface soil of top layer's covering 20cm thickness is made into the native disk for being higher by furrow face 20cm, after native disk sinks after 20 days, It can be colonized；
The base manure is mixed by organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Every plant of seedling organic fertilizer 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05kg；
The planting pit of each 20cm of 4 length and widths, depth 10cm are dug in four side of column, every cave plants 1 plant, i.e., every hm2Plantation 4000-8000 plants, field planting depth is 5-8cm, root water of drenching after earthing, and 3-5d water drenching 1 time after plant keeps wet 20-30d；
Start Lin Shi 0.2-0.4% compound fertilizer solution after field planting after 30d, monthly apply 1 time, until stopping applying after November With；Halcyon days applies decomposed organic fertilizer, and every plant is applied 2kg organic fertilizer+0.1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；
(6) after every annual output season, aging, vertical the branch to shade, every plant of reservation trimming and finishing: are wiped out from branched base part The shoot 30-50 item being evenly distributed that tree crown periphery top is sprouted, remaining young sprout are all wiped out, and the young sprout of reservation waits for that its growth is hung down It pinches when at the 30-40cm of ground, there are effect fruitful branch 6000-9000 item/667m2；
(7) winter top dressing, every 667m fertilizer and water management: are applied December2Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, sulphur Sour zinc 2kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, borax 2kg；Apply spring fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg March；May, July Shi Xiafei, every plant every time Apply compound fertilizer 0.05kg；October Shi Qiufei, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg and urea 0.05kg；
At the dragon fruit florescence, spray water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 1 time；The phase is shaped in flue fruits, sprays water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 2 It is secondary, every minor tick 10-15 days.
(8) orchard management: tree disk weeds inhibit weed growth using stalks mulching, can in the ranks interplant shallow root plant；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1) prevention and treatment of stem rot: discovery site of pathological change strikes off incidence tissue, wound sprays 12% copper rosinate missible oil in time 600-800 times of liquid, 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 70% fenaminosulf soluble powder to hair At disease, alternating is sprayed, and 7-10d sprays 1 time, continuous spray 3-5 times；
2) prevention and treatment of anthracnose: young fruit period sprays 70% 600-800 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1 time, morbidity The initial phase sprays 600-800 times of liquid of 600-800 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, Alternating sprays 2-3 times.
Preferably, in step (1) selenium-rich soil Se content > 0.4mg/kg.
Preferably, the soil ratio that conventional method of analysis is 2.5:1 in step (1) impregnates pH meter.
Preferably, base manure described in step (5) is mixed by organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer； Every plant of seedling organic fertilizer 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05kg.
Preferably, N:P in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in step (5)2O5:K2O=15:15:15.
Preferably, the organic selenium content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is 10000ppm in step (7).
Preferably, the dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is to be watered 50-60kg leaf with 100 milliliters every time per acre in step (7) Face sprays.
Preferably, shallow root plant is peanut or clover in step (8).
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that it is as follows:
The dragon fruit yield that method of the invention obtains is high, obtains Se content in dragon fruit in 0.08mg/kg or more, Meet DB 45/T1601-2014 Se-rich farm products Se content classificating requirement, improves value-added content of product, and then improve product Market value.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to concrete example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit, comprising the following steps:
(1) measurement of soil acidity: selection selenium-rich soil, in the plot of soil improvement to be carried out, along S type route, according to At random, the principle of equivalent and multiple spot mixing, acquisition farming are improved the soil a layer pedotheque, and the sampled point of each sample 30 will acquire Soil the sample of 1kg is left and taken according to quartering；Dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, using conventional method of analysis to soil pH into Row detection, obtains soil pH；The Se content > 0.4mg/kg of the selenium-rich soil；The conventional method of analysis is the water of 2.5:1 Soil is than impregnating pH meter；
(2) improve acid soil: as soil pH < 5.5, the soil for treating improvement spreads fertilizer over the fields 40kg/ mus of quick lime, then Quick lime is uniformly mixed with topsoil using plough；Next year continues to spread fertilizer over the fields 20kg/ mus of quick lime, same to use plough raw stone Ash is uniformly mixed with topsoil；The dosage of annual quick lime halves later, until the soil pH > 6.0 of soil, stops to soil Earth spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime；
(3) site preparation: using field tractor-ploughing-plough-rake, plays furrow, the wide 2.5m of furrow, furrow width 30cm, and furrow face wants smooth fine crushing, field Surrounding holds gutter successfully；
(4) nursery: the kind that selection is high-quality, high yield, self-pollination result power is strong, commodity is good；Seedling cuttage seeding, Ask that kind is pure, fleshy stem is full dark green, height of seedling 30cm or more, well developed root system is complete, plant no disease and pests harm；Cuttage seeding requires female Stem length has >=shoot of 10cm, and shoot has turned green；
(5) it is colonized: digging plantation hole according to line-spacing 2.5m, spacing in the rows 2m, plantation hole diameter is 80cm, and depth 50cm is put vertical Cubsoil backfill in part is first used for vertical columns in lowest level when returning soil after column, is continued back after then mixing base manure and surface soil thoroughly It fills out, the surface soil of top layer's covering 20cm thickness is made into the native disk for being higher by furrow face 20cm, after native disk sinks after 20 days, can be colonized；
The base manure is mixed by organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Every plant of seedling organic fertilizer 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05kg；
The planting pit of each 20cm of 4 length and widths, depth 10cm are dug in four side of column, every cave plants 1 plant, i.e., every hm2Plantation 4000 Strain, field planting depth are 5cm, root water of drenching after earthing, and 3d water drenching 1 time after plant keeps wet 20d；
Start Lin Shi 0.2-0.4% compound fertilizer solution after field planting after 30d, monthly apply 1 time, until stopping applying after November With；Halcyon days applies decomposed organic fertilizer, and every plant is applied 2kg organic fertilizer+0.1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；The N P and K is compound N:P in fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
(6) after every annual output season, aging, vertical the branch to shade, every plant of reservation trimming and finishing: are wiped out from branched base part Tree crown periphery top sprout the shoot being evenly distributed 30, remaining young sprout is all wiped out, the young sprout of reservation wait for its growth hang down to It pinches when at the 30cm of ground, there are effect 6000/667m of fruitful branch2；
(7) winter top dressing, every 667m fertilizer and water management: are applied December2Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, sulphur Sour zinc 2kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, borax 2kg；Apply spring fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg March；May, July Shi Xiafei, every plant every time Apply compound fertilizer 0.05kg；October Shi Qiufei, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg and urea 0.05kg；
At the dragon fruit florescence, spray water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 1 time；The phase is shaped in flue fruits, sprays water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 2 It is secondary, every minor tick 10-15 days；The organic selenium content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is 10000ppm；The water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium Dosage be with 100 milliliters to be watered 50kg foliage-spray every time per acre；
(8) orchard management: tree disk weeds inhibit weed growth using stalks mulching, can in the ranks interplant shallow root plant； The shallow root plant is peanut or clover；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1) prevention and treatment of stem rot: discovery site of pathological change strikes off incidence tissue, wound sprays 12% copper rosinate missible oil in time At 800 times of 600 times of liquid, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 70% fenaminosulf soluble powder liquid to morbidity, Alternating sprays, and 7d sprays 1 time, continuous spray 3 times；
2) prevention and treatment of anthracnose: young fruit period sprays 600 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid 1 time, at the beginning of period of disease Phase sprays 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and alternating sprays 2 times.
Embodiment 2:
A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit, comprising the following steps:
(1) measurement of soil acidity: selection selenium-rich soil, in the plot of soil improvement to be carried out, along S type route, according to At random, the principle of equivalent and multiple spot mixing, acquisition farming are improved the soil a layer pedotheque, and the sampled point of each sample 30 will acquire Soil the sample of 1kg is left and taken according to quartering；Dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, using conventional method of analysis to soil pH into Row detection, obtains soil pH；The Se content > 0.4mg/kg of the selenium-rich soil；The conventional method of analysis is the water of 2.5:1 Soil is than impregnating pH meter；
(2) improve acid soil: as soil pH < 5.5, the soil for treating improvement spreads fertilizer over the fields 40kg/ mus of quick lime, then Quick lime is uniformly mixed with topsoil using plough；Next year continues to spread fertilizer over the fields 20kg/ mus of quick lime, same to use plough raw stone Ash is uniformly mixed with topsoil；The dosage of annual quick lime halves later, until the soil pH > 6.0 of soil, stops to soil Earth spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime；
(3) site preparation: using field tractor-ploughing-plough-rake, plays furrow, the wide 3.0m of furrow, furrow width 50cm, and furrow face wants smooth fine crushing, field Surrounding holds gutter successfully；
(4) nursery: the kind that selection is high-quality, high yield, self-pollination result power is strong, commodity is good；Seedling cuttage seeding, Ask that kind is pure, fleshy stem is full dark green, height of seedling 30cm or more, well developed root system is complete, plant no disease and pests harm；Cuttage seeding requires female Stem length has >=shoot of 10cm, and shoot has turned green；
(5) it is colonized: digging plantation hole according to line-spacing 3.0m, spacing in the rows 2m, plantation hole diameter is 100cm, and depth 60cm is put vertical Cubsoil backfill in part is first used for vertical columns in lowest level when returning soil after column, is continued back after then mixing base manure and surface soil thoroughly It fills out, the surface soil of top layer's covering 20cm thickness is made into the native disk for being higher by furrow face 20cm, after native disk sinks after 20 days, can be colonized；
The base manure is mixed by organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Every plant of seedling organic fertilizer 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05kg；
The planting pit of each 20cm of 4 length and widths, depth 10cm are dug in four side of column, every cave plants 1 plant, i.e., every hm2Plantation 8000 Strain, field planting depth are 5-8cm, root water of drenching after earthing, and 5d water drenching 1 time after plant keeps wet 30d；
Start 0.4% compound fertilizer's solution of Lin Shi after field planting after 30d, monthly apply 1 time, until stopping application after November；Winter Decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to front and back, every plant is applied 2kg organic fertilizer+0.1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；N in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: P2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
(6) after every annual output season, aging, vertical the branch to shade, every plant of reservation trimming and finishing: are wiped out from branched base part Tree crown periphery top sprout the shoot being evenly distributed 50, remaining young sprout is all wiped out, the young sprout of reservation wait for its growth hang down to It pinches when at the 40cm of ground, there are effect 9000/667m of fruitful branch2；
(7) winter top dressing, every 667m fertilizer and water management: are applied December2Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, sulphur Sour zinc 2kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, borax 2kg；Apply spring fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg March；May, July Shi Xiafei, every plant every time Apply compound fertilizer 0.05kg；October Shi Qiufei, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg and urea 0.05kg；
At the dragon fruit florescence, spray water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 1 time；The phase is shaped in flue fruits, sprays water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 2 It is secondary, every minor tick 15 days；The organic selenium content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is 10000ppm；The use of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium Amount is watered 60kg foliage-spray with 100 milliliters to be each per acre；
(8) orchard management: tree disk weeds inhibit weed growth using stalks mulching, can in the ranks interplant shallow root plant； The shallow root plant is peanut or clover；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1) prevention and treatment of stem rot: discovery site of pathological change strikes off incidence tissue, wound sprays 12% copper rosinate missible oil in time At 800 times of 800 times of liquid, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 70% fenaminosulf soluble powder liquid to morbidity, Alternating sprays, and 10d sprays 1 time, continuous spray 5 times；
2) prevention and treatment of anthracnose: young fruit period sprays 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid 1 time, at the beginning of period of disease Phase sprays 800 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and alternating sprays 3 times.
Embodiment 3:
A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit, comprising the following steps:
(1) measurement of soil acidity: selection selenium-rich soil, in the plot of soil improvement to be carried out, along S type route, according to At random, the principle of equivalent and multiple spot mixing, acquisition farming are improved the soil a layer pedotheque, and the sampled point of each sample 30 will acquire Soil the sample of 1kg is left and taken according to quartering；Dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, using conventional method of analysis to soil pH into Row detection, obtains soil pH；The Se content > 0.4mg/kg of the selenium-rich soil；The conventional method of analysis is the water of 2.5:1 Soil is than impregnating pH meter；
(2) improve acid soil: as soil pH < 5.5, the soil for treating improvement spreads fertilizer over the fields 40kg/ mus of quick lime, then Quick lime is uniformly mixed with topsoil using plough；Next year continues to spread fertilizer over the fields 20kg/ mus of quick lime, same to use plough raw stone Ash is uniformly mixed with topsoil；The dosage of annual quick lime halves later, until the soil pH > 6.0 of soil, stops to soil Earth spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime；
(3) site preparation: using field tractor-ploughing-plough-rake, plays furrow, the wide 2.8m of furrow, furrow width 40cm, and furrow face wants smooth fine crushing, field Surrounding holds gutter successfully；
(4) nursery: the kind that selection is high-quality, high yield, self-pollination result power is strong, commodity is good；Seedling cuttage seeding, Ask that kind is pure, fleshy stem is full dark green, height of seedling 30cm or more, well developed root system is complete, plant no disease and pests harm；Cuttage seeding requires female Stem length has >=shoot of 10cm, and shoot has turned green；
(5) it is colonized: digging plantation hole according to line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 2m, plantation hole diameter is 90cm, and depth 55cm is put vertical Cubsoil backfill in part is first used for vertical columns in lowest level when returning soil after column, is continued back after then mixing base manure and surface soil thoroughly It fills out, the surface soil of top layer's covering 20cm thickness is made into the native disk for being higher by furrow face 20cm, after native disk sinks after 20 days, can be colonized；
The base manure is mixed by organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Every plant of seedling organic fertilizer 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05kg；
The planting pit of each 20cm of 4 length and widths, depth 10cm are dug in four side of column, every cave plants 1 plant, and field planting depth is 7cm, It drenches after earthing root water, 4d water drenching 1 time after plant keeps wet 25d；
Start 0.3% compound fertilizer's solution of Lin Shi after field planting after 30d, monthly apply 1 time, until stopping application after November；Winter Decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to front and back, every plant is applied 2kg organic fertilizer+0.1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；N in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: P2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
(6) after every annual output season, aging, vertical the branch to shade, every plant of reservation trimming and finishing: are wiped out from branched base part Tree crown periphery top sprout the shoot being evenly distributed 40, remaining young sprout is all wiped out, the young sprout of reservation wait for its growth hang down to It pinches when at the 35cm of ground, there are effect 8000/667m of fruitful branch2；
(7) winter top dressing, every 667m fertilizer and water management: are applied December2Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, sulphur Sour zinc 2kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, borax 2kg；Apply spring fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg March；May, July Shi Xiafei, every plant every time Apply compound fertilizer 0.05kg；October Shi Qiufei, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg and urea 0.05kg；
At the dragon fruit florescence, spray water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 1 time；The phase is shaped in flue fruits, sprays water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 2 It is secondary, every minor tick 10-15 days；The organic selenium content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is 10000ppm；The water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium Dosage be with 100 milliliters to be watered 50kg foliage-spray every time per acre；
(8) orchard management: tree disk weeds inhibit weed growth using stalks mulching, can in the ranks interplant shallow root plant； The shallow root plant is peanut or clover；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1) prevention and treatment of stem rot: discovery site of pathological change strikes off incidence tissue, wound sprays 12% copper rosinate missible oil in time At 800 times of 600 times of liquid, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 70% fenaminosulf soluble powder liquid to morbidity, Alternating sprays, and 8d sprays 1 time, continuous spray 4 times；
2) prevention and treatment of anthracnose: young fruit period sprays 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid 1 time, at the beginning of period of disease Phase sprays 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and alternating sprays 3 times.
Reference examples 1: application of the reference examples 1 without the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium in step (7), other operations are constant.
Reference examples 2: reference examples 2 improve acid soil in measurement and step (2) without step (1) soil acidity, other It operates constant.
Se content in yield and fresh fruit to dragon fruit obtained in cultural method in embodiment 1-3 and reference examples carries out Measurement, see Table 1 for details.
The cultural method of the invention of table 1 obtains dragon fruit yield and Determination of Selenium
Processing Yield (kg/ mus) Se content (mg/kg)
Embodiment 1 4200 0.085
Embodiment 2 4300 0.11
Embodiment 3 4228 0.089
Reference examples 1 3850 0.005
Reference examples 2 3500 0.003
By table 1-3 it is found that method of the invention obtains the yield of dragon fruit at 4200kg/ mus or more, hence it is evident that be higher than pair As usual 1 and reference examples 2；Se content is in 0.085mg/kg or more in obtained dragon fruit fresh fruit, hence it is evident that is higher than reference examples 1 and right As usual 2, it is seen then that the present invention obtains yield in dragon fruit and Se content is all remarkably higher than reference examples.
The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining specific principle of the invention and its actually answering With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, which comprises the following steps:
(1) measurement of soil acidity: selection selenium-rich soil, in the plot of soil improvement to be carried out, along S type route, according to it is random, The principle of equivalent and multiple spot mixing, acquisition farming are improved the soil a layer pedotheque, the sampled point of each sample 30, by the soil of acquisition The sample of 1kg is left and taken according to quartering；Soil sample is dried, pre-treatment is carried out, soil pH is detected using conventional method of analysis, Obtain soil pH；
(2) improve acid soil: as soil pH < 5.5, the soil for treating improvement spreads fertilizer over the fields 40kg/ mus of quick lime, then uses Quick lime is uniformly mixed by plough with topsoil；Next year continues to spread fertilizer over the fields 20kg/ mus of quick lime, it is same using plough by quick lime with Topsoil is uniformly mixed；The dosage of annual quick lime halves later, until the soil pH > 6.0 of soil, soil is spread in stopping Apply quick lime；
(3) site preparation: using field tractor-ploughing-plough-rake, plays furrow, the wide 2.5-3.0m of furrow, furrow width 30-50cm, and furrow face wants smooth fine crushing, Field surrounding holds gutter successfully；
(4) nursery: the kind that selection is high-quality, high yield, self-pollination result power is strong, commodity is good；Seedling cuttage seeding, it is desirable that product Kind is pure, fleshy stem is full dark green, and height of seedling 30cm or more, well developed root system is complete, plant no disease and pests harm；Cuttage seeding requires female stem length There is >=the shoot of 10cm, and shoot has turned green；
(5) it is colonized: digging plantation hole according to line-spacing 2.5-3.0m, spacing in the rows 2m, plantation hole diameter is 80-100cm, depth 50- 60cm is put and cubsoil backfill in part is first used for vertical columns in lowest level when returning soil after column, then mixes base manure and surface soil thoroughly After continue to backfill, the surface soil of top layer's covering 20cm thickness is made into the native disk for being higher by furrow face 20cm, after 20 days after native disk sinking, i.e., It can be colonized；
The planting pit of each 20cm of 4 length and widths, depth 10cm are dug in four side of column, every cave plants 1 plant, i.e., every hm2Plant 4000-8000 Strain, field planting depth are 5-8cm, root water of drenching after earthing, and 3-5d water drenching 1 time after plant keeps wet 20-30d；
Start Lin Shi 0.2-0.4% compound fertilizer solution after field planting after 30d, monthly apply 1 time, until stopping application after November；Winter Decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to front and back, every plant is applied 2kg organic fertilizer+0.1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；
(6) after every annual output season, aging, vertical the branch to shade, every plant of reservation tree crown trimming and finishing: are wiped out from branched base part The shoot 30-50 item being evenly distributed that peripheral top is sprouted, remaining young sprout are all wiped out, the young sprout of reservation wait for its growth hang down to away from It pinches when from the ground at 30-40cm, there are effect fruitful branch 6000-9000 item/667m2；
(7) winter top dressing, every 667m fertilizer and water management: are applied December2Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, zinc sulfate 2kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, borax 2kg；Apply spring fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg March；Shi Xiafei, applied for every plant every time and answered May, July Hefei 0.05kg；October Shi Qiufei, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 0.05kg and urea 0.05kg；
At the dragon fruit florescence, spray water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 1 time；The phase is shaped in flue fruits, is sprayed water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium 2 times, Every minor tick 10-15 days.
(8) orchard management: tree disk weeds inhibit weed growth using stalks mulching, can in the ranks interplant shallow root plant；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1) prevention and treatment of stem rot: discovery site of pathological change strikes off incidence tissue, wound sprays 12% copper rosinate missible oil 600- in time At 800 times of 800 times of liquid, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 70% fenaminosulf soluble powder liquid to morbidity, Alternating sprays, and 7-10d sprays 1 time, continuous spray 3-5 times；
2) prevention and treatment of anthracnose: young fruit period sprays 70% 600-800 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1 time, at the beginning of period of disease Phase sprays 600-800 times of liquid of 600-800 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, alternately It sprays 2-3 times.
2. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In the Se content > 0.4mg/kg of selenium-rich soil in step (1).
3. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In the soil ratio that conventional method of analysis is 2.5:1 in step (1) impregnates pH meter.
4. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In base manure described in step (5) is mixed by organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Every plant of seedling is applied organic Fertile 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05kg.
5. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In N:P in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in step (5)2O5:K2O=15:15:15.
6. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In the organic selenium content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is 10000ppm in step (7).
7. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In the dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer containing selenium is to be watered 50-60kg foliage-spray with 100 milliliters every time per acre in step (7).
8. the method according to claim 1 for improving soils in south china selenium activity and being used to plant selenium-rich dragon fruit, feature exist In shallow root plant is peanut or clover in step (8).
CN201910770118.5A 2019-08-20 2019-08-20 A method of soils in south china selenium activity is improved for planting selenium-rich dragon fruit Pending CN110352812A (en)

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Application publication date: 20191022