CN110344240A - 一种光催化自清洁面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种光催化自清洁面料及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)光催化材料的制备;(2)面料的预处理;(3)将预处理的面料用介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行整理;(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料浸渍于硝酸银的水溶液中,加入硼氢化钠进行还原处理,将面料取出经水洗干燥后即制得光催化自清洁面料。本发明采用TiO2作为光催化剂,合成介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料,使用该材料处理面料,然后再在复合材料处理的面料表面沉积银粒子,提高银粒子在复合纳米材料表面的有效沉积率。通过测试结果得出,本发明制得的面料具有良好的光催化自清洁性能,同时具有优异的抗菌型和抗紫外性,因此,该面料具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种光催化自清洁面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
伴随人们生活水平的提高、对专业工作中人体保护理念的提升,以及外部自然环境的破坏,人们对服装、家用纺织品的功能性有了新的需求。功能性纺织品是指纺织品除具有自身的基本使用价值外还具有抗菌、除螨、防霉、抗病毒、防蚊虫、防蛀、阻燃、防皱免烫、拒水拒油、防紫外线、防电磁辐射、香味、磁疗、红外线理疗、负离子保健等诸多功效中的一种或几种。近来,类似上述特殊功能的纺织品开始走俏市场,具有较好的市场前景。
自清洁功能是纺织品众多功能性中的一种,自清洁面料是指通过后期加工整理使面料具备表面超疏水或者光催化降解污染物的特殊性能,以此来减少衣物的洗涤次数或实现衣物免洗,减少洗涤剂的使用,最终达到节能、节水和环境友好的目的。其中,光催化自清洁面料的制备是将具有光催化效应的纳米颗粒负载于织物材料之上,从而使材料不仅可以通过光催化降解有机污染物,同时兼具杀菌除臭和防紫外线能力,有效保护人体不受环境污染物的伤害,因此自清洁面料的研究与产业化具有十分重要的意义。
然而目前对光催化自清洁面料的研究较少,并且面料的自清洁效果不能达到理想的要求,因此有必要对光催化自清洁面料进行进一步研究,以进一步提高自清洁面料的性能。
发明内容
为了解决以上现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种光催化自清洁面料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)光催化材料的制备:将10g柠檬酸加入到50mL无水乙醇中搅拌至完全溶解,加入15mL钛酸四丁酯,搅拌反应30-50min;滴加1.5mL蒸馏水,继续反应20min,得到TiO2前驱体溶胶,陈化后加入占TiO2质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,再加入占TiO2质量1-10%的氧化石墨烯,置于超声仪上超声分散2-3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶;将溶胶干燥、研磨后,在箱式炉中400℃煅烧3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;最后利用紫外灯辐照氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行还原,得到介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;
(2)将面料以1:30-50的浴比浸渍于质量分数为0.05-0.2wt%的NaOH溶液中处理1-2h后,然后将面料取出水洗烘干;将烘干后的面料浸渍在含有4-8wt%的硅烷偶联剂水溶液中,于30-40℃的温度下处理1-2h后,将面料水洗烘干;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料加入到含有1-5wt%的PEG的水溶液中,使得复合纳米材料的浓度为5-20wt%;然后将步骤(2)处理的面料以1:40-60的浴比浸渍于复合纳米材料溶液中,超声30-60min,将面料取出进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料以1:40-60的浴比浸渍于含1-3M硝酸银的水溶液中,再加入终浓度为5-10wt%的硼氢化钠,于室温下搅拌混合40-60min,将面料取出,经水洗后置于130-150℃真空干燥1-2h;即制得光催化自清洁面料。
进一步的,所述介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料中介孔的孔径为2-5nm。
优选的,所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中氧化石墨烯的添加量占TiO2质量的5%。
进一步的,所述PEG的分子量为600、800或1000。
优选的,所述步骤(4)中硝酸银水溶液的摩尔浓度为2M,所述硼氢化钠的终浓度为8wt%。
以上所述的制备方法制得的光催化自清洁面料。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种光催化自清洁面料及其制备方法,本发明采用TiO2作为光催化剂,合成介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料,使用该材料处理面料,然后再在复合材料处理的面料表面沉积银粒子,提高银粒子在复合纳米材料表面的有效沉积率。通过测试结果得出,
本发明制得的面料在太阳光下的光催化效率高于紫外光下的光催化效率,主要由于太阳光是具有各个波段的全谱光源,能更好的发挥催化效果。并且在太阳光下,最短在30min即可达到最大的光催化效率,高达99%以上。通过对比例1和对比例2得知,银在光催化材料表面的附着对光催化效率起到了一定的促进作用,银与介孔氧化石墨烯协同作用,为TiO2在可见光或紫外光激发下产生的光生电子提供了载体,银附着的介孔氧化石墨烯具有很强的电子传输能力,可以有效地抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高光催化效率;同时,银附着的介孔氧化石墨烯更好的抑制TiO2团聚,提供更多的光催化反应位点。因此本发明制得的面料具有良好的自清洁性能。
本发明制得的面料抗菌率达到99%以上,因此该面料具有很好的抗菌性,同时银粒子的附着对面料的抗菌性能起到了重要的作用。面料的紫外透过率低至0.58%,具有良好的紫外屏蔽性能,银粒子的存在与否对紫外屏蔽性能没有明显的影响,然而介孔氧化石墨烯相较于非介孔氧化石墨烯具有更好的光线吸收性能,因此,能够发挥更好的紫外屏蔽效果。
因此本发明制得的面料具有良好的光催化自清洁性能,同时具有优异的抗菌型和抗紫外性,因此,该面料具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1 为太阳光光催化测试得到的结果图。
图2 为紫外光催化测试得到的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,但实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)光催化材料的制备:将10g柠檬酸加入到50mL无水乙醇中搅拌至完全溶解,加入15mL钛酸四丁酯,搅拌反应40min;滴加1.5mL蒸馏水,继续反应20min,得到TiO2前驱体溶胶,陈化后加入占TiO2质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,再加入占TiO2质量5%的氧化石墨烯,置于超声仪上超声分散2.5h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶;将溶胶干燥、研磨后,在箱式炉中400℃煅烧3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;最后利用紫外灯辐照氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行还原,得到介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;
(2)将面料以1:30-50的浴比浸渍于质量分数为0.12wt%的NaOH溶液中处理1.5h后,然后将面料取出水洗烘干;将烘干后的面料浸渍在含有6wt%的硅烷偶联剂水溶液中,于35℃的温度下处理1.5h后,将面料水洗烘干;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料加入到含有2.5wt%的PEG800的水溶液中,使得复合纳米材料的浓度为13wt%;然后将步骤(2)处理的面料以1:40-60的浴比浸渍于复合纳米材料溶液中,超声45min,将面料取出进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料以1:50的浴比浸渍于含2M硝酸银的水溶液中,再加入终浓度为8wt%的硼氢化钠,于室温下搅拌混合50min,将面料取出,经水洗后置于140℃真空干燥1.5h;即制得光催化自清洁面料。
所述介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料中介孔的孔径为2-5nm。
所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
实施例2
一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)光催化材料的制备:将10g柠檬酸加入到50mL无水乙醇中搅拌至完全溶解,加入15mL钛酸四丁酯,搅拌反应30min;滴加1.5mL蒸馏水,继续反应20min,得到TiO2前驱体溶胶,陈化后加入占TiO2质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,再加入占TiO2质量1%的氧化石墨烯,置于超声仪上超声分散2h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶;将溶胶干燥、研磨后,在箱式炉中400℃煅烧3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;最后利用紫外灯辐照氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行还原,得到介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;
(2)将面料以1:30的浴比浸渍于质量分数为0.05wt%的NaOH溶液中处理1h后,然后将面料取出水洗烘干;将烘干后的面料浸渍在含有4-8wt%的硅烷偶联剂水溶液中,于30℃的温度下处理1h后,将面料水洗烘干;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料加入到含有1wt%的PEG600的水溶液中,使得复合纳米材料的浓度为5wt%;然后将步骤(2)处理的面料以1:40的浴比浸渍于复合纳米材料溶液中,超声30min,将面料取出进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料以1:40的浴比浸渍于含1M硝酸银的水溶液中,再加入终浓度为5wt%的硼氢化钠,于室温下搅拌混合40min,将面料取出,经水洗后置于130℃真空干燥1h;即制得光催化自清洁面料。
所述介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料中介孔的孔径为2nm。
所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
实施例3
一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)光催化材料的制备:将10g柠檬酸加入到50mL无水乙醇中搅拌至完全溶解,加入15mL钛酸四丁酯,搅拌反应35min;滴加1.5mL蒸馏水,继续反应20min,得到TiO2前驱体溶胶,陈化后加入占TiO2质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,再加入占TiO2质量3%的氧化石墨烯,置于超声仪上超声分散2.2h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶;将溶胶干燥、研磨后,在箱式炉中400℃煅烧3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;最后利用紫外灯辐照氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行还原,得到介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;
(2)将面料以1:35的浴比浸渍于质量分数为0.1wt%的NaOH溶液中处理1.2h后,然后将面料取出水洗烘干;将烘干后的面料浸渍在含有5wt%的硅烷偶联剂水溶液中,于32℃的温度下处理1.2h后,将面料水洗烘干;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料加入到含有2wt%的PEG800的水溶液中,使得复合纳米材料的浓度为10wt%;然后将步骤(2)处理的面料以1:45的浴比浸渍于复合纳米材料溶液中,超声40min,将面料取出进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料以1:45的浴比浸渍于含1.5M硝酸银的水溶液中,再加入终浓度为6wt%的硼氢化钠,于室温下搅拌混合45min,将面料取出,经水洗后置于135℃真空干燥1.3h;即制得光催化自清洁面料。
所述介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料中介孔的孔径为2-5nm。
所述硅烷偶联剂为N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
实施例4
一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)光催化材料的制备:将10g柠檬酸加入到50mL无水乙醇中搅拌至完全溶解,加入15mL钛酸四丁酯,搅拌反应50min;滴加1.5mL蒸馏水,继续反应20min,得到TiO2前驱体溶胶,陈化后加入占TiO2质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,再加入占TiO2质量10%的氧化石墨烯,置于超声仪上超声分散3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶;将溶胶干燥、研磨后,在箱式炉中400℃煅烧3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;最后利用紫外灯辐照氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行还原,得到介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;
(2)将面料以1:50的浴比浸渍于质量分数为0.2wt%的NaOH溶液中处理2h后,然后将面料取出水洗烘干;将烘干后的面料浸渍在含有8wt%的硅烷偶联剂水溶液中,于40℃的温度下处理2h后,将面料水洗烘干;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料加入到含有5wt%的PEG1000的水溶液中,使得复合纳米材料的浓度为20wt%;然后将步骤(2)处理的面料以1:60的浴比浸渍于复合纳米材料溶液中,超声60min,将面料取出进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料以1:60的浴比浸渍于含3M硝酸银的水溶液中,再加入终浓度为10wt%的硼氢化钠,于室温下搅拌混合60min,将面料取出,经水洗后置于150℃真空干燥2h;即制得光催化自清洁面料。
所述介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料中介孔的孔径为2-5nm。
所述硅烷偶联剂为N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,对比例1的面料未经过步骤(4)硝酸银还原的过程。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,对比例2处理面料的光催化材料为氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶,未对氧化石墨烯进行介孔处理。
将实施例1-4和对比例1-2制得的面料进行以下性能测试:
一、光催化试验
在100mL浓度为10mg/L的甲基橙溶液中分别加入10g实施例1-4和对比例1-2制得的面料,每种面料做6组重复,避光搅拌50 min;然后将每种面料样品分成两组,分别在紫外光和太阳光条
件下进行催化反应,每隔10min取样一次,离心后取上清液,用紫外-可见分光光度计测试其光催化性能。紫外光源为250W高压汞灯(365 nm紫外光为主),距离样本液面15 cm;太阳光光催化测试实验于晴朗天气光照条件照射4h。
光催化效率计算公式为:,
其中Cd0为甲基橙的初始浓度,Cdt为反应时间为t时甲基橙的浓度。
图1为太阳光光催化测试得到的结果图,图2为紫外光催化测试得到的结果图,从测试结果得出,太阳光下的光催化效率高于紫外光下的光催化效率,主要由于太阳光是具有各个波段的全谱光源,能更好的发挥催化效果。并且在太阳光下,最短在30min即可达到最大的光催化效率,高达99%以上。通过对比例1和对比例2得知,银在光催化材料表面的附着对光催化效率起到了一定的促进作用,银与介孔氧化石墨烯协同作用,为TiO2在可见光或紫外光激发下产生的光生电子提供了载体,银附着的介孔氧化石墨烯具有很强的电子传输能力,可以有效地抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高光催化效率;同时,银附着的介孔氧化石墨烯更好的抑制TiO2团聚,提供更多的光催化反应位点。因此本发明制得的面料具有良好的自清洁性能。
二、抗菌试验
将大肠杆菌菌液分别滴在实施例1-4和对比例1-2制得的面料上涂匀,然后将试样放入37℃培养箱中培养过夜,将试样拿出后进行菌落检测,并以QB/T 2761为检测标准。
三、紫外屏蔽试验
按照GB/T 17032-1997对实施例1-4和对比例1-2制得的面料进行紫外屏蔽试验。
从表1中得出,本发明制得的面料抗菌率达到99%以上,因此该面料具有很好的抗菌性,同时银粒子的附着对面料的抗菌性能起到了重要的作用。面料的紫外透过率低至0.58%,具有良好的紫外屏蔽性能,银粒子的存在与否对紫外屏蔽性能没有明显的影响,然而介孔氧化石墨烯相较于非介孔氧化石墨烯具有更好的光线吸收性能,因此,能够发挥更好的紫外屏蔽效果。
表1
。
Claims (7)
1.一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)光催化材料的制备:将10g柠檬酸加入到50mL无水乙醇中搅拌至完全溶解,加入15mL钛酸四丁酯,搅拌反应30-50min;滴加1.5mL蒸馏水,继续反应20min,得到TiO2前驱体溶胶,陈化后加入占TiO2质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,再加入占TiO2质量1-10%的氧化石墨烯,置于超声仪上超声分散2-3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2前驱体溶胶;将溶胶干燥、研磨后,在箱式炉中400℃煅烧3h,得到氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;最后利用紫外灯辐照氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料进行还原,得到介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料;
(2)将面料以1:30-50的浴比浸渍于质量分数为0.05-0.2wt%的NaOH溶液中处理1-2h后,然后将面料取出水洗烘干;将烘干后的面料浸渍在含有4-8wt%的硅烷偶联剂水溶液中,于30-40℃的温度下处理1-2h后,将面料水洗烘干;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料加入到含有1-5wt%的PEG的水溶液中,使得复合纳米材料的浓度为5-20wt%;然后将步骤(2)处理的面料以1:40-60的浴比浸渍于复合纳米材料溶液中,超声30-60min,将面料取出进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)处理的面料以1:40-60的浴比浸渍于含1-3M硝酸银的水溶液中,再加入终浓度为5-10wt%的硼氢化钠,于室温下搅拌混合40-60min,将面料取出,经水洗后置于130-150℃真空干燥1-2h;即制得光催化自清洁面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述介孔氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合纳米材料中介孔的孔径为2-5nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中氧化石墨烯的添加量占TiO2质量的5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述PEG的分子量为600、800或1000。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化自清洁面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中硝酸银水溶液的摩尔浓度为2M,所述硼氢化钠的终浓度为8wt%。
7.权利要求1-6任意一项所述的制备方法制得的光催化自清洁面料。
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