CN110341696B - 车辆控制系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents
车辆控制系统及其控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种车辆控制系统及其控制方法。车辆控制系统包括:多个传感器,配置为测量车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值;以及控制器,基于车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值估计车辆的状态,并且当根据估计的车辆状态确定车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶时,更新车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆控制系统及其控制方法,更具体地,涉及一种配置为使车辆在非对称摩擦路面上转弯时的车辆姿态稳定化(即,防止侧倾运动)的车辆控制系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
通常,车辆由诸如化石燃料、电力等的一种或多种动力源提供动力。车辆配备有各种电子部件,以保护驾驶者并为驾驶者提供便利。例如,车辆配备有诸如驾驶辅助系统和加热座椅等消耗大量电力的电子部件。
例如,车辆可配备有用于确保驾驶者的便利性和安全性的驾驶辅助系统。在操作中,驾驶辅助系统通过使用相机和雷达来识别前方的行人,并测量与行人的距离和相对速度。此外,可确定碰撞的风险并操作制动装置以避免碰撞。
另外,各种电子控制系统安装在车辆中以提高车辆的稳定性并确保制动稳定性。车辆的电子控制系统设置有在制动期间控制车轮的速度以防止车轮打滑的防抱死制动系统(下文中简称为“ABS”),用于提高车辆的行驶稳定性的电子稳定控制系统(ESC),和主动横向稳定器(ARS)。
具体地,ARS改变安装在车辆上的稳定器的高度,以在车辆转弯期间在能够抑制侧倾的方向上引发扭转,将侧倾力矩适当地分配至前轮或后轮,从而有助于提高转弯稳定性。
然而,在这种车辆电子控制系统中,ARS可能难以判断非对称摩擦路面,因此车辆的行为可能由于转弯期间路面摩擦系数的变化而变得不稳定。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一方面在于通过提高非对称摩擦路面判断的准确性来稳定车辆的姿态(即,防止侧倾运动)。
本发明的另外的方面在于通过减缓在ARS操作期间车辆的ESC干预时间来最小化由于ESC进入而引起的不协调感。
根据本发明的一方面,一种车辆控制系统,包括:多个传感器,配置为测量车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值;和控制器,基于车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值估计车辆的状态,并且当根据估计的车辆状态确定车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶时,更新车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
这里,控制器可配置为当车轮速度大于阈值,并且转向角、横摆率和加速度值中的至少一个大于转向角、横摆率或加速度值的对应阈值时,确定车辆在转弯。
这里,控制器可配置为当确定车辆在转弯时,根据每个车轮的车轮速度估计车速,并且基于估计的车速计算每个车轮的纵向滑移量。
这里,控制器可配置为进一步计算每个车轮的驱动力和垂直力,并且基于每个车轮的驱动力、垂直力和纵向滑移量来计算每个车轮的摩擦系数。
这里,控制器可配置为当计算出的每个车轮的摩擦系数大于针对每个车轮单独确定的临界摩擦系数时确定车辆在高摩擦路面上,并且基于车辆的左前轮和左后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果以及车辆的右前轮和右后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果确定车辆在非对称摩擦路面上。
这里,控制器可配置为当判断车辆在非对称摩擦路面上时,更新车辆的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比,并且基于更新的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比来计算前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
这里,控制器可配置为当更新侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,减小侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
此外,控制器可配置为当更新侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,随着车辆的车速增加,再次(即,进一步)减小侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
根据本发明的一方面,一种车辆控制系统的控制方法,包括:测量车辆的车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值;基于测量的车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值估计车辆的状态;以及当根据估计的车辆状态确定车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶时,更新车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
这里,估计车辆的状态的步骤还可包括:当测量的车轮速度大于阈值,并且测量的转向角、横摆率和加速度值中的至少一个大于阈值时,确定车辆在转弯。
这里,确定车辆在转弯的步骤还可包括:当确定车辆在转弯时,根据每个车轮的车轮速度估计车速,并且基于估计的车速计算每个车轮的纵向滑移量。
此外,控制方法还可包括:计算每个车轮的驱动力和垂直力;以及基于每个车轮的驱动力、垂直力和纵向滑移量来计算每个车轮的摩擦系数。
这里,确定车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶的步骤还可包括:当计算的每个车轮的摩擦系数大于针对每个车轮单独确定的临界摩擦系数时确定为高摩擦路面,并且基于车辆的左前轮和左后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果以及车辆的右前轮和右后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果确定为非对称摩擦路面。
这里,更新车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度的步骤还可包括:当判断车辆在非对称摩擦路面上时,更新车辆的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比,并且基于更新的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比来计算前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
这里,更新车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度的步骤还可包括:当更新侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,减小侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
这里,更新车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度的步骤还可包括:当更新侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,随着车辆的车速增加,进一步减小侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
附图说明
通过以下结合附图进行的实施例的说明,本发明的这些和/或其他方面将变得显而易见并且更容易理解,其中:
图1是示出根据本发明的实施例的车辆的外观的视图。
图2是示出根据本发明的实施例的内置在车身中的稳定器的视图。
图3是示出根据本发明的实施例的车辆的各种电子装置的框图。
图4是根据本发明的实施例的车辆控制系统的框图。
图5和图6是示出根据本发明的实施例的车辆的控制的流程图。
图7是示出车辆的车轮速度和转向角的示例性视图。
图8A和图8B是示出根据本发明的实施例的基于车速的侧倾刚度和侧倾力矩的曲线图。
具体实施方式
应当理解的是,本文所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或者其他类似术语包括通常的机动车辆,例如包括运动型多用途车(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆在内的乘用车辆,包括各种艇和船在内的水运工具,以及航空器等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合电动车辆、氢动力车辆和其他替代燃料车辆(例如,从石油以外的资源取得的燃料)。如本文所提到的,混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多种动力源的车辆,例如,具有汽油动力和电动力两者的车辆。
本文所使用的术语仅用于说明特定实施例的目的,而非意在限制本发明。如本文所使用的,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”旨在同样包括复数形式,除非上下文另外清楚地指出。将进一步理解的是,当在本说明书中使用时,词语“包括”和/或“包含”指定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其群组的存在或添加。如本文所使用的,词语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合。贯穿说明书,除非明确相反地说明,否则词语“包括”和例如“包含”或“含有”的变型将被理解为暗示包括所述元件,但不排除任何其他元件。另外,在说明书中说明的术语“…单元”、“…器”、“…件”和“…模块”是指用于处理至少一种功能和操作的单位,并可由硬件组件或软件组件及其组合来实施。
此外,本发明的控制逻辑可体现为包含由处理器、控制器等执行的可执行程序指令的计算机可读介质上的非暂时性计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的示例包括但不限于ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存驱动器、智能卡和光数据存储装置。计算机可读介质还可分布在网络连接的计算机系统中,使得计算机可读介质例如通过远程信息处理服务器或控制器区域网络(CAN),以分布式方式存储和执行。
在下文中,将参照附图详细说明本发明。
图1是示出根据实施例的车辆的外观的视图,图2是示出根据实施例的内置在车身中的稳定器的视图,并且图3是示出根据实施例的车辆的各种电子装置的框图。
如图1中所示,根据实施例的车辆100可以是包括发动机、电池和电动机,并且控制发动机的机械动力和电动机的电动力来行驶的混合动力车辆。
车辆100可包括具有内部120和外部110的车身,以及作为车辆的内部框架并且安装有用于行驶的机械装置的底盘。
如图1中所示,车身的外部110可包括前板111、发动机罩112、顶板113、后板114、行李箱115、前后左右车门116以及设置在前后左右车门116中的可开闭的车窗玻璃117。
车身的外部包括设置在前后车门的车窗玻璃之间的边界处的填充物,用于向驾驶者提供车辆100的后方视野的侧视镜,以及执行向车辆和行人发出信号和与之通信的功能的车灯117。
如图2中所示,ARS系统可包括在车辆中以执行车辆转弯时的侧倾控制。ARS系统可通过调节图2中所示的稳定杆21的油压量来控制安装在每个车轮上的弹簧10a和10b的刚度。
也就是说,ARS系统调节安装在每个车轮上的弹簧的刚度,从而最小化车辆转弯期间的侧倾角,由此稳定车辆的姿态。在这种情况下,侧倾角是指当车辆转弯时车身倾斜的角度。因此,当安装有ARS系统时,稳定杆21的刚度在正常行驶时减小,并且稳定杆21的刚度在发生侧倾时增加,从而减少侧倾。
这样的车辆可在内部包括各种电子装置,如图3中所示。
例如,车辆100可包括音频/视频/导航(AVN)装置1100、输入/输出控制系统1200、发动机管理系统(EMS)130、变速器管理系统(TMS)140、线控制动装置1500、线控转向装置160、驾驶辅助系统170、车辆控制系统180、其他车辆传感器200等。
车辆通信网络NT可采用各种通信协议,诸如通信速度高达24.5兆比特每秒(Mbps)的面向媒体的系统传输(MOST),通信速度高达10Mbps的FlexRay,通信速度为125千比特每秒(Kbps)至1Mbps的控制器区域网络(CAN),通信速度为20Kbps的本地互连网络(LIN)等。车辆通信网络NT不仅可以采用诸如MOST、FlexRay、CAN和LIN的单一通信协议,还可采用多种通信协议。
AVN装置1100是根据驾驶者的控制命令输出音乐或视频的装置。详细地,根据驾驶者的控制命令,AVN装置1100可播放音乐或视频,或者引导至接收自导航系统(未示出)的目的地的路线。
AVN装置1100包括用于向驾驶者显示图像的AVN显示器1110,用于接收驾驶者的控制命令的AVN按钮模块1130,以及用于获取车辆100的地理位置信息的GPS(全球定位系统)模块1150。这里,AVN显示器1110可采用能够接收驾驶者的触摸输入的触摸感测显示器(例如,触摸屏)。而且,AVN显示器1110可采用液晶显示器(LCD)面板、有机发光二极管(OLED)面板等。
GPS模块1150还从GPS(全球定位系统)卫星接收用于计算车辆100的位置的信息,并可基于从GPS卫星接收的信息确定车辆100的位置。
输入/输出控制系统1200通过按钮接收驾驶者的控制命令,并显示与驾驶者的控制命令对应的信息。输入/输出控制系统1200可包括设置在仪表板中并配置为显示图像的仪表组显示器121,配置为将图像投影到挡风玻璃上的平视显示器(HUD)122,以及安装在方向盘上的方向盘按钮模块123。
仪表组显示器121设置在仪表板中并配置为显示图像。特别地,仪表组显示器121邻近挡风玻璃设置,使得在驾驶者的视线不显著偏离车辆100的前方的同时,驾驶者能够获取车辆100的运行信息、道路信息、行驶路线等。仪表组显示器121可采用液晶显示器(LCD)面板或有机发光二极管(OLED)面板。
HUD 122可将图像投影到挡风玻璃上。详细地,由HUD 122投影到挡风玻璃上的图像可包括车辆100的运行信息、道路信息、行驶路线等。
因此,可通过输入/输出控制系统1200示出车辆控制系统180的运行状态,使得驾驶者可确认车辆的运行状态。
发动机管理系统130执行燃料喷射控制、燃料效率反馈控制、稀燃控制、点火时间控制、每分钟空转数(rpm)控制等。发动机管理系统130可以是单个装置,或者可以是通过通信连接的多个装置。
变速器管理系统140可执行变速器控制、减振器离合器控制、摩擦离合器接通/断开时的压力控制以及变速期间的发动机扭矩控制。变速器管理系统140可以是单个装置,或者可以是通过通信连接的多个装置。
制动控制装置1500可控制车辆100的制动,并且制动控制装置1500的代表性示例可包括防抱死制动系统(ABS)。转向控制装置160通过在低速行驶或停车期间减小转向力并且在高速行驶期间增加转向力来辅助转向操作。
驾驶辅助系统170辅助车辆100的行驶操作,并且执行前方碰撞避免功能、车道偏离警告功能、死区监视功能、后方监视功能等。
驾驶辅助系统170可包括通过通信连接的多个装置。例如,驾驶辅助系统170可包括:检测在行驶车道中车辆前方同向行驶的车辆以避免与前车碰撞的前方碰撞警告系统(FCW),当与前车的碰撞不可避免时减轻冲击的自动紧急制动系统(AEBS),检测在行驶车道中车辆前方同向行驶的车辆并根据前车的速度自动加速/减速的自适应巡航控制装置(ACC),防止偏离行驶车道的车道偏离警告系统(LDWS),当确定车辆偏离车道时控制车辆返回当前车道的车道保持辅助系统(LKAS),为驾驶者提供有关位于盲点的车辆的信息的盲点检测装置(BSD),以及检测在行驶车道中车辆后方同向行驶的车辆以避免与后车碰撞的后方碰撞警告系统(RCW)。
驾驶辅助系统170可包括:用于检测前后车辆的位置的雷达模块171,和用于获取前后车辆的图像的相机模块172。具体地,雷达模块171可在根据前后车辆的位置进行操作的装置中使用,诸如前方碰撞警告系统(FCW)、自动紧急制动系统(AEBS)、自适应巡航控制装置(ACC)、盲点检测装置(BSD)和后方碰撞警告系统(RCW)。此外,相机模块172可在根据前后车辆和道路的图像进行操作的装置中使用,诸如车道偏离警告系统(LDWS)和车道保持辅助系统(LKAS)。
接下来,根据实施例的车辆控制系统180包括主动控制装置191。如上所述,主动控制装置191是通过使用稳定器在车辆转弯时控制侧倾角,并执行侧倾角控制从而稳定车辆姿态(即,最小化车辆的侧倾运动)的装置。然而,车辆控制系统180还可包括除主动控制装置191之外的牵引力控制系统、稳定性控制系统等。
牵引力控制系统(TCS)控制发动机和制动器以防止在车辆突然加速或快速加速时车轮的过度滑移,在通过制动器的控制时将控制信号发送至车辆的各种电子装置1000中包括的制动控制装置1500,在通过发动机的控制时将控制信号发送至车辆的各种电子装置1000中包括的发动机管理系统130。
另外,车辆控制系统180包括电子稳定控制系统(ESC)。电子稳定控制系统通过控制传递至每个车轮的发动机动力和制动力来控制车辆的移动,使得在车辆快速转弯或快速制动期间车辆按照驾驶者的意图移动。
接下来,其他车辆传感器200包括在车辆100中且配置为检测车辆100的行驶信息,并可包括加速度传感器201、横摆率传感器202、转向角传感器203、速度传感器204等。
加速度传感器201测量车辆的加速度,并可包括横向加速度传感器(未示出)和纵向加速度传感器(未示出)。横摆率传感器202可安装在车辆的每个车轮上并可实时检测横摆率值。转向角传感器203测量转向角。转向角传感器203安装在方向盘60的下端,并可检测方向盘的转向速度、转向方向和转向角。速度传感器204可安装在车辆的车轮内侧,以检测车轮的转速。
以上已经说明了车辆100的元件。以下将说明包括在车辆100中的车辆控制系统180的元件和操作。
如图4中所示,根据本发明的车辆控制系统180可包括:输入装置181,用于从包括在车辆中的各种电子装置1000中的其他车辆传感器200中所包括的各种传感器接收传感器值等;控制器182,用于估计车辆的状态,并且为了侧倾角控制或转向角控制以及在非对称摩擦路面上的转弯稳定性控制而确定车辆的总侧倾力矩和前轮与后轮之间的分配;以及驱动器183,用于根据控制器182的控制信号来控制车辆的姿态。
此时,控制器182包括:主处理器184,用于计算车辆100的转弯确定结果、车辆状态估计结果、以及根据非对称摩擦路面判断结果的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度;和存储器185,用于存储各种控制信号和控制方法。
在这种情况下,存储器185可存储主处理器184的操作所需的各种类型的数据,并可包括诸如闪存、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)的非易失性存储器,以及诸如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)和动态RAM(DRAM)的易失性存储器。
非易失性存储器可半永久地存储用于控制车辆控制系统180的操作的控制程序和控制数据,并且易失性存储器可从非易失性存储器加载控制程序和控制数据,临时存储控制程序和控制数据,并且临时存储由主处理器184输出的各种控制信号。
在下文中,将详细说明根据实施例的车辆控制系统180的输入装置181、控制器182和驱动器183。
首先,输入装置181接收由车辆的其他车辆传感器200测量的各种传感器值。例如,从转向角传感器203获取转向角信息,从横摆率传感器202获取横摆率信息,从加速度传感器201获取纵向和横向加速度值,并且从速度传感器204获取速度信息。此后,控制器182可基于通过输入装置181输入的传感器值确定车辆是否处于转弯状态或者在非对称摩擦路面上。
具体地,可通过图5的流程图简要说明控制器182的控制方法。
首先,如图5中所示,控制器182确定车辆100是否处于转弯状态(500)。如果确定车辆在转弯(在500中为“是”),则控制器182估计车辆状态(600)。此时,由控制器182估计的车辆状态包括从车轮内侧计算的车速、纵向滑移、驱动力、车辆垂者力、摩擦系数和滑移梯度。
因此,根据计算的车辆状态,控制器182确定车辆100的当前路面是否为非对称摩擦路面(700)。此时,非对称摩擦路面包括左轮和右轮分别在具有不同摩擦力的摩擦路面上行驶的情况。
因此,如果控制器182确定当前车辆100正在非对称摩擦路面上行驶(在700中为“是”),则控制器182计算前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度(800),并且启动主动控制装置191(900)。
在图5中,已简要说明了控制车辆控制系统180的控制器182的方法。
在下文中,将说明各控制方法的具体方法。图6是用于说明控制器182的转弯确定方法500的流程图。控制器182从输入装置181接收车辆的转向角、横摆率、车速和横向加速度,以确定车辆是否在转弯。
例如,如果横摆率和横向加速度值不大,则控制器改变侧倾刚度可引起车辆的不稳定或驾驶者的不协调感,因此应全面反映横摆率和横向加速度值以检查是否已发生转弯。
因此,当转向角的绝对值大于阈值转向角(在510中为“是”),横摆率的绝对值大于预设阈值横摆率(在520中为“是”),车速大于阈值车速(在530中为“是”),并且横向加速度的绝对值大于临界横向加速度(在540中为“是”)时,控制器182确定车辆在转弯(550)。
在图6中,控制器182按照转向角、横摆率、车速和横向加速度的顺序与阈值进行比较。然而,将从输入装置181输入的各传感器值同时与阈值进行比较。
根据实施例,当阈值转向角为10度,阈值横摆率为3deg/s,阈值车速为20kph,并且阈值横向加速度超过0.05g时,控制器182可确定车辆处于转弯状态。然而,取决于车辆100的类型和重量,可不同地设定相应阈值。
接下来,控制器182当确定车辆在转弯时估计车辆的状态。图7是示出用于确定车辆状态的包括车辆的车轮速度和转向角的多个因素的示意图。
具体地,由控制器182估计的车辆状态包括车速、车辆100的纵向滑移、各车轮的垂直力和各车轮的驱动力、各车轮的纵向滑移,以及各车轮的摩擦系数。
首先,如图7中所示,当车辆的行驶方向(纵向)是X轴并且车辆的横向是Y轴时,Vx_FL、Vx_FR、Vx_RL和Vx_RR分别表示由安装至各车轮的速度传感器204测量并输入的左前轮的车轮速度、右前轮的车轮速度、左后轮的车轮速度和右后轮的车轮速度。
而且,SWA表示从车辆100的转向角传感器203获得的车轮的转向角,并且T表示左右两个轮胎的中心线之间的距离。
因此,控制器182可基于每个车轮的速度、转向角、车轮中心线之间的距离和横摆率值,使用以下等式1至等式4来计算每个车轮的纵向车速。
<等式1>
Vx_1=Vx_FL/cos(SWA)+T*Yawrate/2
<等式2>
Vx_2=Vx_FR/cos(SWA)-T*Yawrate/2
<等式3>
Vx_3=Vx_RL+T*Yawrate/2
<等式4>
Vx_4=Vx_RR-T*Yawrate/2
在上述等式中,Vx_1表示估计的左前轮的纵向车速,Vx_2表示估计的右前轮的纵向车速,Vx_3表示估计的左后轮的纵向车速,Vx_4表示估计的右后轮的纵向车速,并且Yawrate表示通过输入装置181获取的车辆的横摆率值。
因此,控制器182可如等式5中所示,将车辆的最终纵向车速值Vx_est计算为估计的每个车轮的纵向车速的最小值。
<等式5>
Vx_est=min(Vx_1,Vx_2,Vx_3,Vx_4)
然后,控制器182如等式6至等式9中所示,基于估计的最终纵向车速值和每个车轮的纵向车速来计算每个车轮的纵向滑移值。
<等式6>
slip_est_FL=Vx_1/Vx_est-1
<等式7>
slip_est_FR=Vx_2/Vx_est-1
<等式8>
slip_est_RL=Vx_3/Vx_est-1
<等式9>
slip_est_RR=Vx_4/Vx_est-1
在上述等式中,slip_est_FL、slip_est_FR、slip_est_RL和slip_est_RR分别表示左前轮的滑移量、右前轮的滑移量、左后轮的滑移量和右后轮的滑移量。
此后,控制器182通过等式10至等式13计算每个车轮的垂直力,并且通过等式14至等式17计算每个车轮的驱动力。
<等式10>
Fz_FL=w*b/(2*(a+b))-m*ay*h/(2*T)-m*ax*h/(2*(a+b))
<等式11>
Fz_FR=w*b/(2*(a+b))+m*ay*h/(2*T)-m*ax*h/(2*(a+b))
<等式12>
Fz_RL=w*a/(2*(a+b))-m*ay*h/(2*T)+m*ax*h/(2*(a+b))
<等式13>
Fz_RR=w*a/(2*(a+b))+m*ay*h/(2*T)+m*ax*h/(2*(a+b))
在上述等式中,Fz_FL、Fz_FR、Fz_RL和Fz_RR分别表示左前轮的垂直力、右前轮的垂直力、左后轮的垂直力和右后轮的垂直力,并且h表示从路面到车辆100的重心的垂直距离,a表示前轮中心到车辆重心的纵向距离,b表示后轮中心到车辆重心的纵向距离,ay表示车辆的横向加速度,ax表示车辆的纵向加速度,w表示车辆重量,并且m表示车辆质量。
而且,控制器182通过等式14至等式17计算每个车轮的驱动力。
<等式14>
Fx_FL=FrontShaftTq/2/tire_r*DiffEff_f*DiffGear_f*Vx_FR/Vx_FL
<等式15>
Fx_FR=FrontShaftTq/tire_r*DiffEff_f*DiffGear_f-Fx_FL
<等式16>
Fx_RL=RearShaftTq/2/tire_r*DiffEff_r*DiffGear_r*Vx_RR/Vx_RL
<等式17>
Fx_RR=RearShaftTq/tire_r*DiffEff_r*DiffGear_r-Fx_RL
在上述等式中,Fx_FL、Fx_FR、Fx_RL和Fx_RR分别表示左前轮的驱动力、右前轮的驱动力、左后轮的驱动力和右后轮的驱动力,并且FrontShaftTq表示前轮轴扭矩,RearShaftTq表示后轮轴扭矩,Tire_r表示轮胎半径,DiffEff_f表示前轮差速效率,DiffGear_f表示前轮差速传动比,DiffEff_r表示后轮差速效率,并且DiffGear_r表示后轮差速传动比。
各传动比、效率等通常是在车辆设计时设定的值。另外,前轮或后轮的轴扭矩值可由控制器182基于通过车辆的各种电子装置由输入装置181实时提供的输入值来计算。
例如,在两轮驱动(2WD)车辆的情况下,计算主驱动轮的轴扭矩。
此时,可通过将发动机输出扭矩百分比乘以最大发动机扭矩、当前传动比和纵向减速传动比来计算主驱动轮的轴扭矩值。具体地,输入装置181接收从发动机控制系统(EMS)经由CAN通信输入的发动机输出扭矩百分比、经由车辆CAN通信输入的最大发动机扭矩和经由车辆CAN通信输入的当前挡位状态,然后控制器182计算主驱动轮的轴扭矩值。
此外,例如,在四轮驱动(4WD)车辆的情况下,控制器182计算主驱动轮的轴扭矩和4WD驱动轮的轴扭矩。具体地,可通过将发动机输出扭矩百分比乘以最大发动机扭矩、当前传动比和4WD分配比来计算主驱动轮的轴扭矩。另外,可通过将发动机输出扭矩百分比乘以最大发动机扭矩、当前传动比和(1-4WD分配比)来计算4WD驱动轮的轴扭矩。此时,输入装置181接收从发动机控制系统(EMS)经由CAN通信输入的发动机输出扭矩百分比、经由车辆CAN通信输入的最大发动机扭矩以及经由车辆CAN通信输入的当前挡位状态和4WD分配比,并且控制器182可计算主驱动轮或4WD驱动轮的轴扭矩值。
因此,控制器182可根据车辆是两轮驱动还是四轮驱动车辆而不同地计算轴扭矩,并且控制器182可基于计算的轴扭矩值,通过等式14至等式17计算各个车轮的驱动力。
接下来,控制器182计算每个车轮的摩擦系数与纵向滑移斜度的比率。具体地,等式18至等式21表示每个车轮的摩擦系数与纵向滑移斜度之比为每个车轮的驱动力与垂直力之比。
<等式18>
Mu_FL=(Fx_FL/Fz_FL)/Slip_est_FL
<等式19>
Mu_FR=(Fx_FR/Fz_FR)/Slip_est_FR
<等式20>
Mu_RL=(Fx_RL/Fz_RL)/Slip_est_RL
<等式21>
Mu_RR=(Fx_RR/Fz_RR)/Slip_est_RR
在上述等式中,Mu_FL、Mu_FR、Mu_RL和Mu_RR分别表示左前轮摩擦系数、右前轮摩擦系数、左后轮摩擦系数和右后轮摩擦系数,并且Slip_est_FL、Slip_est_FR、Slip_est_RL和Slip_est_RR分别表示左前轮纵向滑移斜度、右前轮纵向滑移斜度、左后轮纵向滑移斜度和右后轮纵向滑移斜度。此时,控制器182可基于等式6至等式9的每个车轮的滑移量来计算每个车轮的纵向滑移斜度。
接下来,控制器182通过基于上述等式1至等式21估计的车辆状态,确定车辆当前行驶的路面是否是非对称摩擦路面。具体地,控制器182当基于等式18至等式21估计的每个车轮的摩擦系数超过针对每个车轮设定的阈值时,确定车辆在高摩擦路面上行驶,并且当每个车轮的摩擦系数小于针对每个车轮设定的阈值时,确定车辆在低摩擦路面上行驶。此时,根据诸如车辆的重心、转弯方向等情况,可将针对每个车轮设定的阈值设定为针对每个车轮具有独立的阈值。
例如,以下等式22至25是用于说明将每个车轮行驶的路面判断为高摩擦路面的情况的等式。
<等式22>
SplitMu_FL=1(if Mu_FL>threshold_FL)
<等式23>
SplitMu_FR=1(if Mu_FR>threshold_FR)
<等式24>
SplitMu_RL=1(if Mu_RL>threshold_RL)
<等式25>
SplitMu_RR=1(if Mu_RR>threshold_RR)
在上述等式中,threshold_FL、threshold_RL、threshold_FR和threshold_RR表示每个车轮的阈值摩擦系数,并且如果通过等式18至等式21计算的每个车轮的摩擦系数大于阈值摩擦系数,则可确定每个车轮分别在高摩擦路面上。然而,控制器182另外基于以下等式26确定车辆100是否在非对称摩擦路面上行驶。
<等式26>
SplitDetect=SWA*((SplitMu_FL*SplitMu_RL)–(SplitMu_FR*SplitMu_RR))
在这种情况下,SplitDetect是用于确定非对称摩擦路面的值。如果通过等式26计算的SplitDetect大于0,则控制器182确定车辆100在非对称摩擦路面上行驶。
在等式26中,SWA表示车轮的转向角。
因此,如果基于等式26计算的非对称路面判断系数SplitDetect大于0,则控制器182确定车辆在非对称路面上行驶,并且为了计算主动控制装置191的控制量,计算前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。具体地,当确定车辆在非对称路面上行驶时,控制器182更新车辆的侧倾力矩Roll_moment和侧倾力矩前轮分配比ρ。
例如,等式27是表示计算更新的车辆侧倾力矩Roll_moment_new的方法的等式。
<等式27>
注意,是表示侧倾力矩减小率的系数,并且如图8A中所示,该值随着车速的增加而减小。即,例如,当车速为V1时的侧倾力矩减小率的大小为/>但是当车速增加至V2时的侧倾力矩减小率的大小相比/>可被设定为/>
即,随着车速增加,车辆的不稳定特性增加,因此控制器182可将侧倾力矩减小率的大小调整为与车速成反比,从而将总侧倾力矩更新为更小。此时,侧倾力矩减小率的大小小于1。
控制器182还更新侧倾力矩前轮分配比。然而,控制器182可通过输入装置181接收侧倾力矩前轮分配比。特别地,由于当车辆转弯时转弯内侧的低摩擦力,控制器182需通过使侧倾刚度的前后轮分配比与转向模块相反才能稳定车辆,因此随着车速增加,前轮分配比减小。
具体地,图8B是用于说明根据前轮分配比的速度的调节方法的曲线图。即,ρ_new是表示更新的侧倾力矩前轮分配比的系数,并且如图8B中所示,该值随着车速的增加而减小。例如,如果当车速为V1时的侧倾力矩前轮分配比为ρ_new1,则当车速增加至V2时的侧倾力矩前轮分配比可被设定为ρ_new2。
另外,当确定车辆在非对称路面上行驶时,控制器182可如等式28所示更新侧倾力矩前轮分配比,并且更新的侧倾力矩前轮分配比小于0.9。
<等式28>
ρ_new=(1-ρ)*ε
其中ρ是通过输入装置181输入的侧倾力矩前轮分配比,ε是侧倾力矩前轮分配比的权重且小于1,并且ρ_new是更新的侧倾力矩前轮分配比。
因此,可如等式29所示计算侧倾力矩后轮分配比。
<等式29>
侧倾力矩后轮分配比=1-(ρ_new)
此后,控制器182基于通过等式27计算的更新的车辆侧倾力矩和通过等式28计算的更新的侧倾力矩前轮分配比来计算侧倾力矩,并可如以下等式30所示计算前轮侧倾刚度。
<等式30>
前轮侧倾刚度=Roll_moment_new*ρ_new
此外,控制器182基于通过等式27计算的更新的车辆侧倾力矩和通过等式29计算的更新的侧倾力矩后轮分配比来计算侧倾力矩,并可如以下等式31所示计算后轮侧倾刚度。
<等式31>
后轮侧倾刚度=Roll_moment_new*(1-ρ_new)
因此,控制器182根据基于等式30和等式31计算的更新的前轮侧倾刚度值和后轮侧倾刚度值,执行车辆的侧倾刚度控制。具体地,车辆控制系统180中的驱动器183可利用计算的侧倾刚度值来驱动车辆的主动控制装置191。
实施例的一个方面可通过提高确定非对称摩擦路面的精度来稳定车辆的姿态。
此外,由于在ARS操作期间车辆的ESC干预时间减缓,因此能够最小化由于ESC进入引起的驾驶者的不协调感。
尽管已示出并说明了本发明的一些实施例,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,在不脱离本发明的原理和思想的情况下,可对这些实施例进行改变,本发明的范围限定在权利要求及其等效形式中。
Claims (14)
1.一种车辆控制系统,包括:
多个传感器,配置为测量车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值;以及
控制器,配置为基于所述车轮速度、所述转向角、所述横摆率和所述加速度值估计车辆的状态,并且当根据估计的车辆状态确定所述车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶时,更新所述车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度,
其中,所述控制器进一步配置为计算每个车轮的驱动力、垂直力和纵向滑移量,并且基于每个车轮的驱动力、垂直力和纵向滑移量计算每个车轮的摩擦系数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆控制系统,其中,所述控制器配置为当所述车轮速度大于阈值,并且所述转向角、所述横摆率和所述加速度值中的每一个大于所述转向角、所述横摆率或所述加速度值的对应阈值时,确定所述车辆在转弯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆控制系统,其中,所述控制器配置为当确定所述车辆在转弯时,根据每个车轮的车轮速度估计车速,并且基于估计的车速计算每个车轮的纵向滑移量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆控制系统,其中,所述控制器配置为当计算的每个车轮的摩擦系数大于针对每个车轮单独确定的临界摩擦系数时确定所述车辆在高摩擦路面上,并且基于所述车辆的左前轮和左后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果以及所述车辆的右前轮和右后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果确定所述车辆在非对称摩擦路面上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆控制系统,其中,所述控制器配置为当判断所述车辆在非对称摩擦路面上时,更新所述车辆的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比,并且基于更新的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比计算前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆控制系统,其中,所述控制器配置为当更新所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,减小所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆控制系统,其中,所述控制器配置为当更新所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,随着所述车辆的车速增加,再次减小所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
8.一种车辆控制系统的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
由多个车辆传感器测量车辆的车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值;
由控制器基于测量的车轮速度、转向角、横摆率和加速度值,估计所述车辆的状态;
当根据估计的车辆状态确定所述车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶时,由所述控制器更新所述车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度;
由所述控制器计算每个车轮的驱动力、垂直力和纵向滑移量;以及
由所述控制器基于每个车轮的驱动力、垂直力和纵向滑移量,计算每个车轮的摩擦系数。
9.根据权利要求8所述的控制方法,其中,估计所述车辆的状态的步骤还包括:
当测量的车轮速度大于阈值,并且测量的转向角、横摆率和加速度值中的每一个大于所述转向角、所述横摆率或所述加速度值的对应阈值时,确定所述车辆在转弯。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其中,确定所述车辆在转弯的步骤还包括:
当确定所述车辆在转弯时,根据每个车轮的车轮速度估计车速,并且基于估计的车速计算每个车轮的纵向滑移量。
11.根据权利要求8所述的控制方法,其中,确定所述车辆在非对称摩擦路面上行驶的步骤还包括:
当计算的每个车轮的摩擦系数大于针对每个车轮单独确定的临界摩擦系数时确定为高摩擦路面,并且基于所述车辆的左前轮和左后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果以及所述车辆的右前轮和右后轮的高摩擦路面的判断结果确定为非对称摩擦路面。
12.根据权利要求11所述的控制方法,其中,更新所述车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度的步骤还包括:
当判断所述车辆在非对称摩擦路面上时,更新所述车辆的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比,并且基于更新的侧倾力矩和侧倾力矩前后轮分配比计算前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度。
13.根据权利要求12所述的控制方法,其中,更新所述车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度的步骤还包括:
当更新所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,减小所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
14.根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其中,更新所述车辆的前轮和后轮的侧倾刚度的步骤还包括:
当更新所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比时,随着所述车辆的车速增加,进一步减小所述侧倾力矩和所述侧倾力矩前后轮分配比。
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