CN110338212A - 一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,属于水果保鲜技术领域。本发明方法包括以下步骤:(1)石榴的选择和预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用洗涤水清洗干净并浸泡1~2h,然后将石榴放入蒸汽消毒;在将石榴转入冷冻干燥气体的紫外光灯下;(2)石榴的包装和密封:用保鲜膜包裹然后将石榴浸入石蜡中包裹在保鲜膜外面,将石榴密封在内,然后将处理好的石榴立即放入冷水中浸泡;(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将密封好的石榴置入冷藏室内。本发明采取自动化装置,使石榴在贮藏保鲜前处理上更快速和连续化,大大节约了人工成本,同时减少或避免其他化学药品对食用石榴的人群的身体造成损伤,提高了食品安全性,值得广泛推广。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及水果保鲜技术领域,特别涉及一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法。
【背景技术】
石榴,浆果球形,外种皮肉质半透明,多汁,内种皮革质,性味甘、酸涩、温,具有杀虫、收敛、涩肠、止痢等功效;石榴果实营养丰富,维生素C含量比苹果、梨要高出一二倍;中国南北都有栽培,以安徽、江苏、河南等地种植面积较大,并培育出一些较优质的品种,安徽怀远县是中国石榴之乡,“怀远石榴”为国家地理标志保护产品,每年市场需求量非常大。
石榴采后果实萼筒对呼吸强度和蒸腾作用影响较大,贮藏期间容易出现果皮褐变、果皮失水皱缩、果籽失水汁液变少、果实腐烂等问题,导致其商品价值严重降低;因此,发明一种石榴的保鲜贮藏技术解决以上问题,对促进我国石榴产业发展具有重要意义。
专利号CN106615067A的发明专利“一种石榴的保鲜贮藏方法”,公开了一种石榴的保鲜贮藏方法,具体方法如下:(1)保鲜石榴的选择及预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用清水清洗干净,投入枳椇子和木香的混合煎煮液中浸泡40~50min,搓揉取出,用无菌布擦拭至表面无水分,置入温度为1~3℃的保鲜箱保鲜放置15~17h,得预处理石榴;(2)喷洒保鲜剂保鲜:将预处理石榴表面均匀喷洒保鲜剂,风干至表面无水分,装入保鲜薄膜内,得保鲜石榴;所述的保鲜剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:琥珀酸6~7份、黄柏内酯3.4~3.8份、维生素C5.3~5.9份、紫花牡荆素8.5~9.5份、酒石酸4.4~4.8份;(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将保鲜石榴置入冷藏室内,控制冷藏室内温度为2~4℃、相对湿度为87%~91%、二氧化碳浓度为3~5ppm、臭氧浓度为0.04~0.06ppm。但其操作流程繁琐,操作需要大量的人工投入,且需要其他更多的化学原料进行处理,对后期人体食用会造成一定的健康影响,有一定的食品安全方面的风险,因此,寻求更急健康,便捷快速的操作方法,既能提高石榴贮藏保鲜前的工作效率,也能有效保证石榴的贮藏保鲜效果。
【发明内容】
鉴于以上内容,有必要提供一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,本发明采取自动化装置,使石榴在贮藏保鲜前处理上更快速和连续化,大大节约了人工成本,同时减少或避免其他化学药品对食用石榴的人群的身体造成损伤,提高了食品安全性,值得广泛推广。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)石榴的选择和预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用洗涤水清洗干净并浸泡1~2h,然后将石榴放入蒸汽中,经蒸汽消毒2~10min;在将石榴转入持续冷冻干燥气体气流的紫外光灯下照射4~10min,然后转入包装工序;所述冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内。
(2)石榴的包装和密封:步骤(1)处理后的石榴在紫外灯和冷冻干燥气体的环境下,用保鲜膜包裹在石榴的表面,然后将包裹好的石榴浸入熔融的石蜡中,让石蜡充分包裹在保鲜膜外面将石榴密封在内,然后将处理好的石榴立即放入冷水中浸泡10~60s;
(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将密封好的石榴置入冷藏室内,控制冷藏室内温度为5~7℃、相对湿度为80%~90%、氮气浓度为3~5ppm、臭氧浓度为0.04~0.06ppm。
(4)所述步骤(1)~(3)中的每个工序均为自动化连续操作。
本发明中,在步骤(1)和步骤(2)中使用了冷冻干燥气体,其中冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内,使石榴的表面充分被干燥,使其表面失水,使细菌等失去基本的生存环境,对杀菌起到促进作用。
本发明中,在步骤(1)中使用的洗涤水为食盐水,其溶度为5~10%质量分数;石榴浸泡在食盐水中,可以使石榴表面失水,且后续石榴在冷冻气体中干燥,食盐水失水后部分食盐均匀黏附在石榴表面,可以持续的恶化细菌等微生物的生存环境,更好的保护了石榴不被细菌等侵蚀。
本发明中,在步骤(1)中使用的蒸汽为过氧化氢蒸汽,其浓度为100~400ppm;浓度太低不能达到快速杀菌的效果,浓度太高时,蒸汽高温会灼伤石榴外表面,反而导致加速石榴腐烂。
本发明中,所述步骤(2)中的保鲜膜在展开包裹石榴前先在紫外灯光环境下照射10s,再对石榴进行包裹,且保鲜膜必须完全紧密覆盖石榴表面;保证石榴保鲜处理的每一步都在灭菌或无菌的条件下进行,大大降低了细菌的含量,延缓了石榴后续的腐烂速度,为保鲜贮藏提供了更大的保障。
本发明所述石榴贮藏保鲜的方法在贮藏保鲜石榴方面的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供的石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,方法简单,便于操作,使石榴的保鲜时间延长至6个月,完好率达到96%,明显提高了石榴的贮藏保鲜效果,降低石榴的运输和贮藏成本,使石榴能够跨季销售,提高种植农户的经济收入;石榴采摘后置于食盐水中浸泡,能够抑制病虫繁殖,使其表面失水达到减弱石榴呼吸,减少石榴的营养消耗,延长石榴的贮藏时间;用二氧化氢的蒸汽处理石榴,可以利用高温快速将表皮内的细菌杀灭,后续在将石榴进行冷冻干燥和紫外灯光处理,可以有效杀灭石榴中的残留病虫,使石榴散失少量水分,去除石榴中的残留气体,抑制石榴的呼吸作用,保留石榴的营养含量,延长石榴货架期;冷冻后向石榴表面有均匀分布的食盐成分,能够在石榴表面形成保护层,抑制石榴氧化和杂菌生长,保持石榴的新鲜状态,延长石榴贮藏期,再将石榴用保鲜膜包装,再进行蜡封,如此能够平衡石榴的水分,避免石榴失水过多而干瘪,保证后续口感与新鲜石榴相似;包装后置于仓库中,仓库的温度明显较传统的冷藏温度高,能够节约电能,降低保鲜和贮藏成本;另外,所有的工序为自动化连续操作,大大节约了人工成本,提高了石榴处理的效率,值得广泛推广。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法的基本流程示意图。
【具体实施方式】
本发明的具体实施的基本流程如图1所示,具体实施例如下:
实施例1
本发明一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)石榴的选择和预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用洗涤水清洗干净并浸泡1h,然后将石榴放入蒸汽中,经蒸汽消毒2min;在将石榴转入持续冷冻干燥气体气流的紫外光灯下照射4min,然后转入包装工序;所述冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内;使用的洗涤水为食盐水,其溶度为5%质量分数;使用的蒸汽为过氧化氢蒸汽,其浓度为100ppm。
(2)石榴的包装和密封:步骤(1)处理后的石榴在紫外灯和冷冻干燥气体的环境下,用保鲜膜包裹在石榴的表面,然后将包裹好的石榴浸入熔融的石蜡中,让石蜡充分包裹在保鲜膜外面将石榴密封在内,然后将处理好的石榴立即放入冷水中浸泡10s;其中冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内;保鲜膜在展开包裹石榴前先在紫外灯光环境下照射10s,再对石榴进行包裹,且保鲜膜必须完全紧密覆盖石榴表面。
(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将密封好的石榴置入冷藏室内,控制冷藏室内温度为5℃、相对湿度为80%%、氮气浓度为3ppm、臭氧浓度为0.04ppm。
(4)所述步骤(1)~(3)中的每个工序均为自动化连续操作。
所述石榴贮藏保鲜的方法在贮藏保鲜石榴方面的应用。
实施例2
本发明一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)石榴的选择和预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用洗涤水清洗干净并浸泡2h,然后将石榴放入蒸汽中,经蒸汽消毒10min;在将石榴转入持续冷冻干燥气体气流的紫外光灯下照射10min,然后转入包装工序;所述冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内;使用的洗涤水为食盐水,其溶度为10%质量分数;使用的蒸汽为过氧化氢蒸汽,其浓度为400ppm。
(2)石榴的包装和密封:步骤(1)处理后的石榴在紫外灯和冷冻干燥气体的环境下,用保鲜膜包裹在石榴的表面,然后将包裹好的石榴浸入熔融的石蜡中,让石蜡充分包裹在保鲜膜外面将石榴密封在内,然后将处理好的石榴立即放入冷水中浸泡60s;其中冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内;保鲜膜在展开包裹石榴前先在紫外灯光环境下照射10s,再对石榴进行包裹,且保鲜膜必须完全紧密覆盖石榴表面。
(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将密封好的石榴置入冷藏室内,控制冷藏室内温度为7℃、相对湿度为90%、氮气浓度为5ppm、臭氧浓度为0.06ppm。
(4)所述步骤(1)~(3)中的每个工序均为自动化连续操作。
所述石榴贮藏保鲜的方法在贮藏保鲜石榴方面的应用。
实施例3
本发明一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)石榴的选择和预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用洗涤水清洗干净并浸泡1.5h,然后将石榴放入蒸汽中,经蒸汽消毒6min;在将石榴转入持续冷冻干燥气体气流的紫外光灯下照射7min,然后转入包装工序;所述冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内;使用的洗涤水为食盐水,其溶度为7.5%质量分数;使用的蒸汽为过氧化氢蒸汽,其浓度为250ppm。
(2)石榴的包装和密封:步骤(1)处理后的石榴在紫外灯和冷冻干燥气体的环境下,用保鲜膜包裹在石榴的表面,然后将包裹好的石榴浸入熔融的石蜡中,让石蜡充分包裹在保鲜膜外面将石榴密封在内,然后将处理好的石榴立即放入冷水中浸泡35s;其中冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内;保鲜膜在展开包裹石榴前先在紫外灯光环境下照射10s,再对石榴进行包裹,且保鲜膜必须完全紧密覆盖石榴表面。
(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将密封好的石榴置入冷藏室内,控制冷藏室内温度为6℃、相对湿度为85%、氮气浓度为4ppm、臭氧浓度为0.05ppm。
(4)所述步骤(1)~(3)中的每个工序均为自动化连续操作。
所述石榴贮藏保鲜的方法在贮藏保鲜石榴方面的应用。
对比例1
去除步骤(1),其余方法,同实施例1。
对比例2
去除步骤(2),其余方法,同实施例1。
对比例3
去除步骤(3),其余方法,同实施例1。
实施例和对比例石榴保鲜方法的保鲜效果:
分别取成熟、完整、新鲜的石榴70kg,随机分为7组,每组10kg,分别为实施例组、对比例组和空白组,实施例组和对比例组的石榴分别用实施例和对比例的方法进行贮藏保鲜,空白组为采摘后常温放置,不进行任何处理,观察保鲜效果,检测保鲜6个月时的失水率及完好率,实施例和对比例无花果保鲜方法的保鲜效果见表1。
表1实施例和对比例石榴保鲜方法的保鲜效果
实施例1 | 7.7 | 95.5 |
实施例2 | 7.3 | 96.3 |
实施例3 | 7.6 | 96.8 |
对比例1 | 8.9 | 87.4 |
对比例2 | 18.3 | 80.5 |
对比例3 | 27.6 | 38.8 |
空白组 | 66.8 | 3.5 |
表1的结果表明,本发明提供的石榴的贮藏保鲜方法,贮藏6个月后,水分散失少,果实完好率明显较对比例和对照组高,但是较低的贮藏温度需要的成本明显较实施例高,香味浓郁,色泽鲜艳,口感基本与新鲜石榴相同,说明本发明提供的石榴的贮藏保鲜方法具有较好的保鲜效果。
Claims (6)
1.一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)石榴的选择和预处理:选择无虫眼、无破损、无霉烂的石榴,将石榴用洗涤水清洗干净并浸泡1~2h,然后将石榴放入蒸汽中,经蒸汽消毒2~10min;在将石榴转入持续冷冻干燥气体气流的紫外光灯下照射4~10min,然后转入包装工序;
(2)石榴的包装和密封:步骤(1)处理后的石榴在紫外灯和冷冻干燥气体的环境下,用保鲜膜包裹在石榴的表面,然后将包裹好的石榴浸入熔融的石蜡中,让石蜡充分包裹在保鲜膜外面将石榴密封在内,然后将处理好的石榴立即放入冷水中浸泡10~60s;
(3)置入冷藏室冷藏:将密封好的石榴置入冷藏室内,控制冷藏室内温度为5~7℃、相对湿度为80%~90%、氮气浓度为3~5ppm、臭氧浓度为0.04~0.06ppm;
(4)所述步骤(1)~(3)中的每个工序均为自动化连续操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,其特征在于,所述冷冻干燥气体的湿度在2%RH以内。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,其特征在于,所述洗涤水是溶度为5~10%质量分数的食盐水。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,其特征在于,所述蒸汽为过氧化氢蒸汽,其浓度为100~400ppm。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种石榴贮藏保鲜的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的保鲜膜在展开包裹石榴前先在紫外灯光环境下照射10s,再对石榴进行包裹,且保鲜膜必须完全紧密覆盖石榴表面。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述石榴贮藏保鲜的方法在贮藏保鲜石榴方面的应用。
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