CN110326390B

CN110326390B - Seed treatment method

Info

Publication number: CN110326390B
Application number: CN201910680806.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨艳; 汤玉喜; 唐洁; 李永进; 黎蕾; 吴敏
Original assignee: Hunan Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Hunan Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2019-07-26
Filing date: 2019-07-26
Publication date: 2021-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-26
Also published as: CN110326390A

Abstract

The invention relates to a seed treatment method in purple soil areas. The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provide an environment-friendly and stress-resistant seed treatment method which can improve the germination rate and drought resistance of forest seeds and promote the rapid recovery of purple soil plants. According to the invention, by extracting special plant components to replace pesticide type repellents, a green and ecological seeding and afforestation concept is advocated; by utilizing agricultural and forestry residues and recycling resources, a development concept of 'green recycling economy' is introduced; and the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention and the like of the seed treatment substrate are further integrated, and a special structure for seed treatment is adopted, so that the stress resistance of the seeds is further enhanced, and the survival rate of planting and afforestation in purple land areas is improved.

Description

Seed treatment method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seed treatment method for purple soil areas, in particular to a seed treatment method for improving drought resistance and stress resistance of purple soil areas.

Background

Purple soil, which is a lithologic soil developed on purple rocks, is one of main soil types in Hunan, has a total area of 132 ten thousand hectares and occupies about 6.22 percent of the area of the whole province. Because purple soil is very easy to erode by water, the development period is short, the content of organic matters and nitrogen is low, the permeability is poor, the water evaporation loss is serious, meanwhile, the purple soil is darker in color, strong in heat absorption, poor in heat conductivity and poor in temperature regulation capability, particularly in midsummer, the highest temperature of the exposed earth surface of the purple soil barren hillside land can reach 73.2 ℃, and due to the influence and unreasonable development of adverse environments such as regional water and heat distribution, the vegetation in purple rock areas is sparse for a long time, and the seasonal drought is serious. Based on the above severe environmental conditions, in order to improve the survival rate of planting and afforestation in the area, the seeds of the trees must be subjected to targeted stress resistance treatment.

The seed treatment before sowing is one of the simplest, economical and effective methods for improving the sowing quality and the seedling stress resistance, and after the seed treatment, the dormancy can be broken, the germination of the seed can be promoted, and the seedling stress resistance can be increased. However, the current seed treatment technology still cannot meet the requirement of seeding and afforestation in purple soil areas, the current purple soil seeding and afforestation is only simple seed soaking, or simple seed dressing treatment is carried out on forest seeds by using single or compound pesticide type seed coating agent, the drought resistance of the seeds is poor, the treatment method can easily cause seed inactivation, the seedling emergence effect of the seeds is poor, further the purple soil vegetation is recovered slowly, and the pesticide type seed coating agent can cause pollution and damage to the soil environment, thus violating the ecological civilization construction concept. Therefore, research and development of an environment-friendly and stress-resistant seed treatment method which is suitable for the special environment of purple soil, can improve the germination rate and drought resistance of forest seeds and can promote quick recovery of purple soil plants is an urgent problem to be solved in current ecological recovery of purple soil.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an environment-friendly and stress-resistant seed treatment method which can improve the germination rate and drought resistance of purple soil forest seeds and promote the quick recovery of purple soil plants.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a seed treatment agent for purple soil areas comprises a chinaberry seed solution, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent.

Preferably, the volume ratio of the adhesive to the water retention agent to the chinaberry seed solution is 3:1: 1.

The preparation method of the chinaberry seed solution comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the seeds, leaching, and then adding an insect repellent to prepare a chinaberry seed solution.

Preferably, the concentration of the chinaberry seed solution and the concentration of the insect repellent are 60-80g/L and 100-120g/L respectively.

Preferably, the insect repellent is soapy water.

Preferably, the preparation method of the chinaberry seed solution comprises the following steps: collecting mature fructus Toosendan of the last year, removing pulp, cleaning pulp on seed, and storing in ventilated place. Then removing shell of the treated chinaberry seeds, drying at 60 ℃, grinding into powder, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, soaking in water, performing ultrasonic extraction for 24h, and simultaneously adding soap and water to prepare a composite solution.

Preferably, the adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and the mass concentration is 0.8-1%.

Preferably, the water-retaining agent is a potassium polyacrylate water solution, and the mass concentration is 1-3%.

A seed treatment method using the seed treatment agent comprises the following steps:

s1, removing the poisonous forest tree seeds, wetting the seed surface with the seed treating agent;

s2, wetting the mixture of the rooting powder and the loess with a seed treatment agent, and then fully wrapping the surface of the wetted seed to form a first layer of seed coating;

s3, wetting the mushroom stick waste mixed fertilizer by using a seed treatment agent, and then fully wrapping the first seed coating in the S2 to form a second seed coating;

s4, wetting plant ash with the seed treatment agent, and then fully wrapping the second seed coating in the S3 to form a third seed coating;

s5, wetting the talcum powder by using a seed treatment agent, and then fully wrapping the third layer of seed coating in S4 to form a fourth layer of seed coating; and finishing the seed treatment.

Preferably, a seed treatment method using the above seed treatment agent comprises the steps of:

s1, atomizing the seed treating agent to wet the seed surface under the rotation condition of the tree seeds without the poison;

s2, adding the rooting powder and the yellow core soil mixture under a rotating condition, and fully wrapping the surfaces of the wet seeds to form a first layer of seed coating; atomizing a small amount of water, wetting the first coating, and continuing atomizing the seed treatment agent to ensure that the surface of the first coating of the seed is fully contacted with the seed treatment agent, and then stopping atomization;

s3, adding the mushroom stick waste mixed fertilizer under the rotation condition to fully wrap the first layer of seed coating to form a second layer of seed coating; atomizing a small amount of water to wet the second seed coating; continuing to atomize the seed treatment agent, and stopping atomization after the surface of the second layer of seed coating is fully contacted with the seed treatment agent;

s4, adding plant ash under the rotation condition to fully wrap the second seed coating to form a third seed coating; atomizing a small amount of water to wet the third layer of seed coating; continuing to atomize the seed treating agent, and stopping atomization after the surface of the third layer of the seed coating is fully contacted with the seed treating agent;

s5, adding talcum powder under the rotating condition to fully wrap the third layer of seed coating to form a fourth layer of seed coating; atomizing a small amount of water to wet the fourth seed coating; and continuing atomizing the seed treatment agent to ensure that the surface of the fourth coating of the seeds is fully contacted with the seed treatment agent, and stopping atomization to finish seed treatment.

The forest tree seeds are soaked in 0.5 per mill potassium permanganate solution for about 30min for disinfection treatment.

Preferably, the mixture of the rooting powder and the yellow core soil in the S2 is prepared by mixing the rooting powder and the yellow core soil according to the mass part ratio of 0.01-0.08 per mill; the rooting powder is ABT 3. Sieving the rooting powder ABT3 through a 200-mesh sieve; and drying the yellow core soil and sieving the yellow core soil with a 200-mesh sieve.

Preferably, the mushroom stick waste in the S3 is dried, crushed and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve after being sterilized at high temperature and high pressure; crushing the compound fertilizer, sieving the crushed compound fertilizer with a 200-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the crushed waste mushroom sticks and the compound fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 100: 2.

Drying, crushing and sieving the plant ash with a 200-mesh sieve; the talcum powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.

Preferably, the mass part ratio of the four layers of seed coatings to the forest seeds is (3-4): 1.

As the purple soil has the characteristics of seasonal high temperature drought and the like, the time for sowing and afforestation in the purple land area is determined in the first ten days of 3 months every year. The treatment time of the seeds is determined according to the afforestation scale, and the stress resistance treatment of the seeds is generally started 1 to 2 days before afforestation.

Preferably, the steps S2, S3, S4 and S5 are carried out by atomizing a small amount of water until the water content of the coating layer reaches 20-30%.

Preferably, the rotation conditions in the steps S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 are at a rotation speed of 500-700 r/min.

The invention also provides a seed treatment structure, which comprises four layers of coatings, wherein the first layer of the coating is a mixture of root powder and yellow core soil; the second layer of seed coating is a mushroom stick waste mixed fertilizer; the third layer of seed coating is plant ash; the fourth seed coating is talcum powder, and the four coatings are fully wetted by the seed treatment agent. The seed treatment configuration is shown in figure 1.

The invention is further explained below:

(1) the invention provides an environment-friendly material which takes natural and green as main components by extracting the specific components in the chinaberry to replace a pesticide type repellent, thereby reducing the insect pests of seeds, playing a good repellent effect and having a certain protection effect on the balance of an ecological system in a purple soil area.

(2) The invention utilizes waste mushroom sticks as a matrix material required by seed treatment. The main materials of the fungus sticks are corncobs, corn stalks, sawdust and other agricultural and forestry residues, and the waste fungus sticks are utilized, so that the agricultural and forestry residues are recycled, and the resource recycling is realized; meanwhile, as the main components of the fungus sticks are corncobs, straws and the like, the fungus sticks are fluffy after being crushed, have certain porosity, retain water, preserve heat and ventilate, and the seeds treated by the fungus stick waste have high germination rate and strong stress resistance in a seasonal high-temperature arid area such as purple soil; after mixing with fertilizer, because fungus stick waste material has certain porosity, has certain adsorptivity to fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency can slowly release, ensures the seed germination process to the demand of fertilizer, realizes the effective utilization of fertilizer.

(3) According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristics of loose texture, various nutrient elements and the like of the plant ash, after the seeds are treated, the germination and rooting of the seeds can be promoted, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved; meanwhile, the plant ash is prepared by firing firewood, is green and environment-friendly, has a strong improvement effect on soil in purple soil areas, and avoids the damage to soil fertility caused by applying chemical fertilizers.

(4) The invention utilizes the water-retaining agent and the pure natural plant repellent to be atomized into each layer of substrate of the seed coating, and simultaneously combines the loose texture of the fungus stick waste material and the plant ash and has certain characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention, thereby further strengthening the drought resistance and insect pest prevention capability of the seeds and protecting the driving and navigating for the smooth germination of the seeds.

(5) The seed treatment structure of the invention is as follows: the first layer of the mixture of the yellow core soil and the rooting powder can retain water and fix weight, and promote the germination and rooting of seeds; the mixture of the second layer of the fungus stick waste and the compound fertilizer retains water, fertilizer and air; the third layer of plant ash retains water and provides sufficient nutrient substances for the germination of seeds; the fourth layer of talcum powder has better coating and adsorption properties, can better coat various components treated outside the seeds, and prevents the loss of nutrients and water in seed coating. Each layer has the special function, and the layers are combined, so that the water and fertilizer are preserved, the stress resistance of the seeds is enhanced, the germination of the seeds can be effectively promoted, the vitality of the seedlings is improved, the soil dressing sowing in purple soil areas is realized, and a proper microenvironment is provided for the germination of the seeds and the growth of seedlings.

Therefore, the method for treating the seeds not only introduces environment-friendly materials, avoids pesticide application, protects the ecological environment, but also can effectively promote seed germination, improve drought resistance and improve seedling activity, thereby improving the seeding and forestation efficiency and survival rate of the purple land area, further promoting the vegetation recovery of the purple land area, and having better ecological, economic and social benefits.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, by extracting special plant components to replace pesticide type repellents, a green and ecological seeding and afforestation concept is advocated;

(2) the invention introduces the development concept of 'green recycling economy' to the recycling of agricultural and forestry residues and the recycling of resources;

(3) the invention integrates the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention and the like of the seed treatment substrate and the special structure of seed treatment, further enhances the stress resistance of the seeds, and improves the survival rate of planting and afforestation in purple land areas.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the structure of the seed treatment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example 1

In 3-month middle-ten days in 2018, the seeds of the goldenrain tree are treated in typical purple soil areas of south Hunan according to the test design in Table 1, field sowing tests are carried out, and each treated seed is sowed in a random partition mode for 3 times.

(1) Forest seed disinfection treatment: soaking in 0.5 ‰ potassium permanganate solution for 30 min.

(2) Preparation of seed treatment agent:

preparing a chinaberry seed solution: after the seeds of the chinaberry are ripe, collecting and removing the pulp, cleaning the pulp on the seeds, and storing the seeds in a ventilated place for later use. Removing shells of the treated chinaberry seeds, drying at 60 ℃, pulverizing into powder, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, soaking in water, performing ultrasonic extraction for 24 hours, adding soap, and adding water to prepare composite solutions with the proportion of 60-80g/L and 100-120g/L respectively; preparing an adhesive: according to the seeding dosage, a certain amount of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added into hot water for dissolving, and prepared to a constant volume to prepare an adhesive with the concentration of 1% for later use; preparing a water-retaining agent: adding water into potassium polyacrylate according to the mass ratio of 2.5% and stirring uniformly; preparing a seed treating agent: uniformly mixing the adhesive, the water-retaining agent and the chinaberry seed solution according to the volume ratio of 3:1: 1.

(3) Preparing a substrate: sieving the rooting powder ABT3 with a 200-mesh sieve; drying the yellow core soil and sieving the dried yellow core soil with a 200-mesh sieve; sterilizing the mushroom stick waste at high temperature and high pressure, drying, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve; drying, crushing and sieving the plant ash with a 200-mesh sieve; sieving pulvis Talci with 200 mesh sieve; wherein the mass part ratio of the loess, the fungus stick waste material, the plant ash, the talcum powder and the forest tree seeds is 3: 1.

(4) Preparing nutrient substances: crushing the compound fertilizer, sieving the crushed compound fertilizer by a 200-mesh sieve, mixing the crushed compound fertilizer with the sterilized and crushed mushroom stick waste material according to the mass ratio of 2:100, and preparing the mixture into mixed powder for later use.

(5) Treating forest seeds: goldenrain tree seeds were treated in four ways, as shown in table 1.

The ZL treatment method comprises the following steps: taking a proper amount of disinfected forest seeds, putting the forest seeds into a seed coating machine, atomizing a seed treating agent under the condition that the rotating speed is 700r/min, uniformly mixing the seed treating agent and the seeds to ensure that the surfaces of the seeds are wet, stopping atomization, pouring a mixture of rooting powder and yellow core soil (the mass part ratio is 0.08 per thousand) at a feed inlet, and continuously rotating at the rotating speed of 700r/min for 10min to ensure that the surfaces of the seeds can be fully coated by the yellow core soil; atomizing a small amount of water through an atomizing disc to enable the water content of the loess layer to reach 25%; continuing atomizing the seed treating agent to enable the surface of the first layer of seed coating to be fully contacted with the seed treating agent, then stopping atomizing, pouring the mixed powder of the fungus stick waste powder and the compound fertilizer at the feed inlet, and continuing rotating at the rotating speed of 700r/min for 10min to enable the surface of the first layer of seed coating to be fully coated by the mixed powder; atomizing a small amount of water to ensure that the water content of the coating layer of the mixed powder reaches 25 percent; continuing atomizing the seed treatment agent to ensure that the surface of the second-layer seed coat is fully contacted with the seed treatment agent, then stopping atomizing, pouring plant ash at a feed inlet, and continuing rotating at the rotating speed of 700r/min for 10min to ensure that the surface of the second-layer seed coat is fully wrapped by the plant ash; atomizing a small amount of water to keep the water content of the plant ash coating layer at 25%; continuing atomizing the seed treatment agent to enable the surface of the third layer of seed coating to be fully contacted with the seed treatment agent, then stopping atomizing, pouring talcum powder at a feed inlet, and continuing rotating at the rotating speed of 700r/min for 10min to enable the surface of the third layer of seed coating to be fully coated by the talcum powder; atomizing a small amount of seed treating agent; the seed treatment is completed.

CL1 was applied by a first coat only, while the atomized water and seed treatment were the same as ZL;

CL2 was treated with + first coat + second coat, while the atomized water and seed treatment were the same as ZL;

CL3 was treated with + first coating + second coating + third coating, while the atomized water and seed treatment were the same as ZL.

TABLE 1 Koelreuteria paniculata seeds different treatment methods

Counting the germination time after sowing; after 20 days, counting the germination rate; after 4 months, the storage rate was counted, and 30 plants per treatment were used to determine the overground and the lower growth including root length and dry matter weight (30 samples). The specific test results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 sowing effect of goldenrain tree seeds by different treatments

Note: different capital letters in each column indicate a difference significance level of 0.01; the different lower case letters in each column indicate a significance level of the difference of 0.05.

As can be seen from Table 2, after high temperature and drought 'scouring' is carried out in a typical purple land area, compared with a control CK, the differences of CL1, CL2, CL3 and the seed treatment method (ZL) of the invention are obvious, the germination time can be shortened by 2-4d, the germination rate is improved by 10-20%, the preservation rate is increased by 20-50%, the growth amount is increased by 1-5cm, the biomass can be increased by 1.32-3.93g, and the root-crown ratio is also increased to a certain extent; the germination rate and the preservation rate of ZL-treated seeds are respectively 95% and 75%, and are respectively improved by 20% and 50% compared with CK; the seedling growth amount and biomass after sowing are respectively 15.51cm and 7.83g, which are respectively increased by 0.5 time and 1 time compared with the CK control, and the method is regarded as an ideal method for treating purple soil sowing and afforestation seeds.

Compared with the control CK, the treated seeds (CL1, CL2, CL3 and ZL) have better growth potential no matter the germination time, which shows that the drought resistance and stress resistance of the seeds can be improved to a certain degree by coating treatment of the seeds, but the growth of seedlings is different greatly due to different coating structures and matrix materials. Although the CL1, CL2 and CL3 can increase the germination rate of seeds, the seed treatment structure is single, the water and fertilizer retention and supply capacity is poor, and the nursery stock preservation rate and the growth condition are lower than those of the seed treatment method ZL, so that when the purple soil area is sowed and forested, the green and environment-friendly multi-angle treatment (ZL) is carried out on forest seeds in an integrated manner in the aspects of water retention, ventilation, fertilizer supply and the like, so that the seed germination can be promoted, the stress resistance can be increased, the forestation survival rate can be improved, the ecological restoration process of the purple soil area can be accelerated, and the local ecological environment can be improved.

The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.

Claims

1. A purple native forest seed treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s5, wetting the talcum powder by using a seed treatment agent, and then fully wrapping the third layer of seed coating in S4 to form a fourth layer of seed coating; completing the seed treatment;

the mass part ratio of the four seed coatings to the forest seeds is (3-4): 1;

the seed treating agent comprises chinaberry seed solution, adhesive and water-retaining agent;

the adhesive is sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.8-1%; the water-retaining agent is a potassium polyacrylate water solution, and the mass concentration is 1-3%;

the preparation method of the chinaberry seed solution comprises the following specific steps: collecting mature Chinaberry fruit of the last year, removing pulp, cleaning the pulp on the seeds, and storing in a ventilated place for later use; then removing shells of the treated chinaberry seeds, drying at 60 ℃, grinding into powder, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, soaking in water, performing ultrasonic extraction for 24 hours, adding an insect repellent, and adding water to prepare a composite solution;

the concentration of the chinaberry seed solution is 60-80g/L, and the concentration of the insect repellent is 100-120 g/L;

the insect repellant is soapy water;

the volume ratio of the adhesive to the water-retaining agent to the chinaberry seed solution is =3:1: 1.

2. The seed treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of the rooting powder and the yellow core soil in the S2 is formed by mixing the rooting powder and the yellow core soil according to the mass part ratio of 0.01-0.08 ‰; the rooting powder is ABT 3.

3. The seed treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed fertilizer of the mushroom stick waste in the step S3 is prepared by crushing sterilized mushroom stick waste and uniformly mixing the crushed mushroom stick waste with a compound fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 100: 2.