CN110325307A - 由具有可平移模锻刀片的刀具进行机械粗糙化 - Google Patents

由具有可平移模锻刀片的刀具进行机械粗糙化 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110325307A
CN110325307A CN201780087018.1A CN201780087018A CN110325307A CN 110325307 A CN110325307 A CN 110325307A CN 201780087018 A CN201780087018 A CN 201780087018A CN 110325307 A CN110325307 A CN 110325307A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
die forging
blade
cutter
extended position
retracted position
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780087018.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN110325307B (zh
Inventor
大卫·艾伦·斯蒂芬森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Motor Co
Publication of CN110325307A publication Critical patent/CN110325307A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110325307B publication Critical patent/CN110325307B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/18Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with permanently-fixed cutter-bits or teeth
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B41/12Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for forming working surfaces of cylinders, of bearings, e.g. in heads of driving rods, or of other engine parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C3/00Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/28Grooving workpieces
    • B23C3/34Milling grooves of other forms, e.g. circumferential
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/02Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/06Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/40Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding tubes internally
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36Elongated material
    • C23C2/40Plates; Strips
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06Metallic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2220/00Details of turning, boring or drilling processes
    • B23B2220/12Grooving
    • B23B2220/123Producing internal grooves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2220/00Details of turning, boring or drilling processes
    • B23B2220/44Roughing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2215/00Details of workpieces
    • B23C2215/24Components of internal combustion engines
    • B23C2215/242Combustion chambers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2222/00Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23C2222/04Aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2222/00Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23C2222/52Magnesium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2270/00Details of milling machines, milling processes or milling tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23C2270/06Use of elastic or plastic deformation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1912Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/1914Radially
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/36Machine including plural tools
    • Y10T408/375Coaxial tools
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/306664Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/30756Machining arcuate surface
    • Y10T409/307616Machining arcuate surface with means to move cutter eccentrically

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)

Abstract

一种方法,包括:将具有一排或多排刀片的圆柱形刀具定位在具有表面的圆柱形孔内;当模锻刀片处于缩回位置时,利用开槽刀片在所述表面中形成环形凹槽和峰部;以及将所述模锻刀片从所述缩回位置平移到伸展位置以使所述峰部变形。所述一排或多排刀片包括固定的开槽刀片和具有缩回和伸展位置的可平移模锻刀片。

Description

由具有可平移模锻刀片的刀具进行机械粗糙化
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于粗糙化气缸孔表面的方法。
背景技术
发动机活塞在其中行进的铝发动机缸体的气缸孔可以用薄的热喷涂钢层处理以获得耐磨性。气缸孔表面通常通过机械粗糙化进行机械加工以提供表面粗糙度以促进钢涂层的粘合。可以使用开槽刀具以通过将一系列凹槽切割到基板中来使表面粗糙化。然后旋转式模锻-擦拭器(模锻)刀具可以使凹槽顶部变形以产生底切。由于中间刀具更换、较大程度的标称变形、刀具径向跳动和/或刮擦深度变化导致热喷涂涂层中的空隙和不均匀性,使用开槽和刮擦器/模锻器刀具导致位置和定向误差。
发明内容
根据一个实施例,一种方法包括将具有一排或多排刀片的圆柱形刀具定位在具有表面的圆柱形孔内,所述刀片包括固定的开槽刀片和具有缩回和伸展位置的可平移模锻刀片。所述方法还包括当模锻刀片处于缩回位置时,利用开槽刀片在所述表面中形成环形凹槽和峰部,以及将所述模锻刀片从所述缩回位置平移到伸展位置以使所述峰部变形。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述方法还可以包括在所述峰部变形之后将所述模锻刀片从所述伸展位置平移到所述缩回位置。每个变形峰部可以包括底切。所述方法还可以包括致动致动器,所述致动器被配置为将所述模锻刀片在所述缩回位置与所述伸展位置之间平移。所述方法还可以包括将所述模锻刀片平移到所述伸展位置,使得每个所述模锻刀片的远端伸展超过每个所述开槽刀片的远端。
根据一个实施例,一种方法包括将具有可平移模锻刀片和开槽刀片的圆柱形刀具沿着具有表面的气缸孔的长度定位在轴向位置处;当所述模锻刀片在所述轴向位置处处于缩回位置时,利用所述开槽刀片在所述表面中形成凹槽和峰部;以及当所述模锻刀片在所述轴向位置处处于伸展位置时,利用所述模锻刀片使所述峰部变形。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述方法还可以包括在所述形成步骤之后使所述模锻刀片在所述缩回位置与所述伸展位置之间平移。所述方法还可以包括致动致动器,所述致动器被配置为将所述模锻刀片在所述缩回位置与所述伸展位置之间平移。所述方法可以包括将所述模锻刀片平移到所述伸展位置,使得每个所述模锻刀片的远端伸展超过每个所述开槽刀片的远端。所述方法还可以包括在所述变形步骤之后从所述气缸孔中移除所述刀具。
根据一个实施例,一种方法包括定位具有包括开槽元件和模锻元件的一排或多排元件的圆柱形刀具,所述开槽元件和模锻元件中的一者可在缩回位置与伸展位置之间平移;利用所述开槽元件将凹槽形成到圆柱形表面中以在其间形成峰部;以及利用所述模锻元件使所述峰部变形。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述模锻元件可以是可平移的。当所述模锻元件处于所述缩回位置时,可以形成所述凹槽。所述方法还可以包括在所述变形步骤之后将所述模锻元件平移到所述缩回位置。在另一个实施例中,所述开槽元件可以是可平移的。当所述开槽元件处于所述缩回位置时,所述峰部可以变形。所述方法还可以包括在所述变形步骤之后将所述开槽元件平移到所述伸展位置。在一个或多个实施例中,所述方法还可以包括在所述形成和变形步骤期间将所述刀具沿着气缸孔的长度保持在轴向位置处。所述方法还可以包括通过致动位于所述刀具上的致动器来平移所述开槽元件和具有所述缩回和伸展位置的模锻元件中的一者。每一排中的所述开槽元件和模锻元件可以沿着所述刀具的圆周定位。
附图说明
图1描绘了表面粗糙化刀具的透视图,示出了开槽刀片和模锻刀片,其中模锻刀片伸展。
图2A描绘了沿着线2A、2B截取的图1的模锻刀片和开槽刀片的局部横截面,其中模锻刀片缩回。
图2B描绘了沿着线2A、2B截取的图1的模锻刀片和开槽刀片的局部横截面,其中模锻刀片伸展。
图3A描绘了表面粗糙化刀具的局部且孤立的示意图,其中模锻刀片缩回。
图3B描绘了表面粗糙化刀具的局部且孤立的示意图,其中模锻刀片伸展。
图4A是根据一个或多个实施例的表面粗糙化刀具的侧视图,描绘了缩回的一个模锻刀片。
图4B是根据一个或多个实施例的表面粗糙化刀具的俯视图,描绘了缩回的一个模锻刀片。
图5A是根据一个或多个实施例的表面粗糙化刀具的侧视图,描绘了伸展的一个模锻刀片。
图5B是根据一个或多个实施例的表面粗糙化刀具的俯视图,描绘了伸展的一个模锻刀片。
图6是根据一个或多个实施例的表面粗糙化刀具的侧视图。
图7是根据一个或多个实施例的表面粗糙化刀具的侧视图。
具体实施方式
根据要求,本文中公开了本发明的详细实施例;但是应理解,所公开的实施例仅示例性说明本发明,本发明可以体现为不同和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制;一些特征可能会被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此,本文中公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应当被解释为是限制性的,而是仅仅作为教导所属领域技术人员以不同方式采用本发明的代表性基础。
汽车发动机缸体包括许多圆柱形发动机孔。气缸孔可以由金属材料(包括钢铁和铝)的圆柱形壁形成和限定。在某些情况下,可以使用由相对轻质金属(诸如铝或镁)形成并限定的汽缸孔来代替钢或铁气缸孔,以减小发动机尺寸和/或重量并改善发动机功率输出和燃料经济性。当铝用于构造此类缸体时,已知某些方法可以提高铝发动机孔的强度和耐磨性。
每个发动机孔的内表面经过机械加工,使得所述表面适用于汽车应用,例如表现出合适的耐磨性和强度。可以处理发动机活塞在其中行进的内部圆柱形表面以提供表面粗糙度,以促进粘合到后来施加的金属涂层。机械加工过程可以包括使内表面粗糙化,随后将金属涂层施加到粗糙表面,并珩磨金属涂层以获得具有所需强度和耐磨性的精加工内表面。可以使用热喷涂施加金属涂层。可选地,可以将具有必要强度和耐磨特性的衬里材料施加到发动机孔的未经精加工内表面。
图1描绘了表面粗糙化刀具100,所述表面粗糙化刀具100用于粗糙化气缸孔的表面以改善热喷涂涂层的粘合。通常,刀具100保持在紧固到刀具主轴(未示出)的支架中。主轴可以是箱式或电动主轴。当刀具100下降到气缸孔中时,刀具100用于在气缸孔的表面中产生凹槽,所述凹槽沿气缸孔的圆周方向延伸。在表面上产生的轮廓具有凹槽,所述凹槽之间具有中间脊部或峰部。刀具主轴具有平行于气缸孔轴线的旋转轴线。刀具的纵向轴线(沿着长度)偏离气缸孔轴线。刀具在主轴中以角速度围绕刀具轴线旋转,并以独立的角速度围绕孔轴线旋进。围绕轴线旋进被称为圆弧插补(circular interpolation)。刀具100插补使得刀具刀片在围绕气缸孔表面的圆形路径中旋转和移动,从而沿气缸孔的长度向下移动。这允许在直径大于刀具100的任何孔中机械加工凹槽,使得可以用相同刀具切割不同直径的孔。插补移动允许在气缸孔的内表面内形成凹穴和环形平行凹槽。刀具的插补在于2013年6月10日提交的第13/913,865号和于2012年5月1日提交的第13/461,160号美国专利申请中进行讨论,所述专利申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
开槽刀片110或开槽元件从刀具100在刀具主体130上径向向外突出,并且被配置为切入表面以形成凹槽和峰部。圆柱形刀具主体130可以由钢或烧结碳化钨形成。开槽元件110可以沿着刀具100的长度分散在一个或多个轴向排中以提供切削刃。开槽刀片110具有远端160并且可以围绕刀具主体130的圆周并沿着刀具100的纵向轴线分散,以在气缸孔内形成所需轮廓的凹槽和峰部。在非限制性示例中,开槽刀片110与相邻的开槽刀片110径向间隔开。可以使用任何数量的开槽刀片110。开槽刀片110可以由多排开槽元件形成,所述多排开槽元件端对端钎焊以形成长切削刃。开槽刀片110可以由适于机械加工铝或镁合金的切割材料形成。用于选择此类材料的考虑因素包括但不限于化学相容性和/或硬度。此类材料的非限制性示例包括但不限于高速钢、烧结碳化钨或多晶金刚石。开槽刀片和元件还可以包括凹穴切割元件。
表面粗糙化刀具100还包括模锻刀片120或模锻元件,所述模锻刀片或模锻元件使由开槽刀片110形成的峰部变形以在峰部上产生底切。模锻元件也可以被称为刮擦元件,因为用于变形的刀具可以是刮擦器(模锻/擦拭器)。所得轮廓可以是燕尾式形状的峰部。模锻刀片对应于开槽刀片110分散,使得模锻刀片120可以使由开槽刀片110形成的峰部变形。模锻元件110可以沿着刀具100的长度分散在一个或多个轴向排中,以提供切削刃。模锻刀片120可以由模锻元件形成,所述模锻元件端对端钎焊以形成长切削刃。模锻刀片可以围绕刀具主体130的圆周以及沿着刀具100的纵向轴线分散,以在气缸孔内形成所需轮廓的凹槽和底切峰部。模锻刀片120能够从刀具100径向向外突出,超过开槽刀片110,并且还可以存放在刀具主体130的凹部中。模锻刀片110可以由适于机械加工铝或镁合金的切割材料形成。用于选择此类材料的考虑因素包括但不限于化学相容性和/或硬度。模锻刀片120的非限制性示例包括多晶金刚石。
图2A和图2B示出了沿着线2A、2B截取的刀具的横截面。模锻刀片120可以在分别如图2A和图2B所示的缩回位置与伸展位置之间平移。当模锻刀片120处于缩回位置时,刀片120全部或部分地存放在刀具主体130的凹部中,使得模锻刀片120的切削刃不与气缸孔表面接触。每个开槽刀片110的切削刃的远端160伸展超过模锻刀片120的远端170,使得当模锻刀片120处于缩回位置时,开槽刀片110可以将凹槽和峰部切割到气缸孔中。在切割凹槽和峰部之后,模锻刀片120在旋转150期间平移到伸展位置,使得模锻刀片120的远端170径向向外伸展超过开槽刀片110的远端160。开槽刀片110的远端160设定圆周140,使得当处于伸展位置时,模锻刀片120的远端170伸展超过该圆周140。
尽管图2A和图2B示出了模锻刀片120可在缩回位置与伸展位置之间平移,但是在某些其他情况下,开槽元件110可以是可平移的,或者两组刀片可以是可平移的,以通过产生凹槽和峰部然后使峰部变形来使表面粗糙化。类似地,开槽刀片110和模锻刀片120相对于刀具旋转150的定向以及刀具旋转本身可以颠倒。
图3A和图3B描绘了表面粗糙化刀具100的局部放大视图。距离D示出了模锻刀片120平移以使模锻刀片120的远端170伸展超过开槽刀片110的远端160的距离。模锻刀片120被致动器200平移。致动器200可以利用偏心凸轮、锥体和楔形部、螺旋机构或任何类似的机构。在一些情况下,致动器200包括连接到凸轮210的纵长构件220以用于平移模锻刀片120。纵长构件220连接到盒体230,所述盒体将模锻刀片120存放在刀具主体的凹部中。当刀具100沿方向150旋转固定角度时,凸轮210移动纵长构件220以推动盒体230以使模锻刀片120离开刀具主体130平移到伸展位置。
图4A至图4B、图5A至图5B和图6至图7示出了利用各种致动器200(诸如凸轮、螺钉或锥体和楔形部)的刀具100的示意图。如图4A至图4B、图5A至图5B和图6至图7所示,出于说明性目的示出了用于平移一个模锻刀片的一个致动器机构。在一个实施例中,所有轴向分散的模锻刀片可以类似地平移。例如,六个轴向定位的模锻刀片可以通过用于每个模锻刀片的机构同时类似地平移。图4A至图4B示出了凸轮210,所述凸轮210连接到纵长构件220以用于推动盒体230的端部,所述端部具有枢轴310,以用于将一个模锻刀片120平移到伸展位置。可以通过刀具100上的旋钮320沿围绕轴线330的方向旋转来激活致动器200。图5A至图5B示出了在凸轮210接合纵长构件220以将盒体230围绕枢轴310推动之后处于伸展位置的一个模锻刀片120。图5B示出了在一个模锻刀片120伸展之后使得模锻刀片120在其中先前对准的基部枢轴310静止的俯视图。图6描绘了用于致动器200的凸轮机构210。图7描绘了用于致动器200的楔形机构210。
在描述了根据一个或多个实施例的刀具100的结构之后,下面描述使用刀具100的实施例将轮廓机械加工到气缸孔的内表面中的方法。刀具100通常安装在机床主轴中,所述机床主轴具有平行于气缸孔轴线、偏离孔轴线的旋转轴线。刀具位于圆柱形孔内,所述刀具具有固定的开槽刀片和可平移模锻刀片。刀具在气缸孔周围以围绕刀具轴线和孔轴线的不同角速度进行插补。插补移动允许在模锻刀片处于缩回位置时在气缸孔的内表面内形成凹穴和环形平行凹槽。在气缸孔表面中形成环形轮廓的凹槽和峰部之后,模锻刀片120平移到伸展位置,使得模锻刀片120与开槽刀片110在相同刀具路径上进行插补,以减小位置和定向误差。在形成和变形步骤期间,刀具100沿着气缸孔的长度保持在轴向位置。致动器200被接合以将模锻刀片在缩回位置与伸展位置之间平移。模锻刀片120在它们平移到伸展位置之后使峰部变形。在伸展位置中,模锻刀片120具有用于变形的远端,所述远端径向伸展超过开槽刀片110的远端,并在峰部上产生底切。此外,在使峰部变形之后,模锻刀片120平移回到缩回位置。然后可以将刀具100返回到刀具库。可以从气缸孔中移除刀具100以使模锻刀片120伸展和缩回。
在一个或多个实施例中,开槽元件110和模锻元件120中的一者是可平移的。例如,开槽刀片110可以是可缩回的,并且模锻刀片120是固定的,使得在表面中产生凹槽和峰部之后开槽刀片平移到缩回位置。开槽刀片120的缩回位置在模锻刀片120的径向内侧,使得模锻刀片可以使峰部变形。类似地,在其他实施例中,开槽刀片和模锻刀片都可以在伸展位置与缩回位置之间平移以形成凹槽和峰部,此后使峰部变形。
在开槽步骤和模锻步骤之后的机械加工表面具有优于其他粗糙化工艺的一个或多个优点。首先,通过使用模锻步骤代替其他二次工艺(诸如金刚石滚花、滚光、钢丝刷刷洗或液压胀接),可以改善金属喷涂的粘合强度。使用拉伸试验测试粘合强度。粘合强度可以在40MPa至70MPa的范围内。在其他变型中,粘合强度可以为50MPa至60MPa。与金刚石滚花工艺的粘合强度相比,刮擦的粘合强度至少高20%。此外,申请人已经认识到,在第一处理步骤之后,粘合与凹槽的轮廓深度无关。由于至少两个原因,这可能是有利的。与常规工艺(诸如金刚石滚花、滚光、涂刷)相比,模锻刀片切割相对较低的轮廓深度。在某些变型中,轮廓深度的减小为30%至40%。因此,需要较少的金属喷涂材料来填充轮廓,同时不损害粘合强度。而且,凹槽深度的任何变化都不会影响粘合强度,这使得模锻步骤比常规工艺更坚固。作为一个或多个实施例的另一个益处,模锻步骤可以在比其他工艺(诸如滚光或金刚石滚花)高得多的操作速度下操作。另外,将模锻刀片平移到伸展位置以用于模锻步骤消除了由于在使气缸孔表面粗糙化的开槽步骤与模锻步骤之间的刀具更换而引起的位置误差和偏转。
尽管上文描述了示例性实施例,但是并不意图这些实施例描述本发明的所有可能形式。相反,本说明书中所使用的字词为描述性而非限制性的字词,并且应当理解,可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。另外,可以组合各种实施的实施例的特征以形成本发明的另外实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种方法,其包括:
将具有一排或多排刀片的圆柱形刀具定位在具有表面的圆柱形孔内,所述刀片包括固定的开槽刀片和具有缩回和伸展位置的可平移模锻刀片;
当所述模锻刀片处于所述缩回位置时,利用所述开槽刀片在所述表面中形成环形凹槽和峰部;以及
将所述模锻刀片从所述缩回位置平移到所述伸展位置以使所述峰部变形。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括在所述峰部变形之后将所述模锻刀片从所述伸展位置平移到所述缩回位置。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中每个变形峰部包括底切。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括致动致动器,所述致动器被配置为将所述模锻刀片在所述缩回位置与所述伸展位置之间平移。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括将所述模锻刀片平移到所述伸展位置,使得每个所述模锻刀片的远端伸展超过每个所述开槽刀片的远端。
6.一种方法,其包括:
将具有可平移模锻刀片和开槽刀片的圆柱形刀具沿着具有表面的气缸孔的长度定位在轴向位置处;
当所述模锻刀片在所述轴向位置处处于缩回位置时,利用所述开槽刀片在所述表面中形成凹槽和峰部;以及
当所述模锻刀片在所述轴向位置处处于伸展位置时,利用所述模锻刀片使所述峰部变形。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其还包括在所述形成步骤之后使所述模锻刀片在所述缩回位置与所述伸展位置之间平移。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其还包括致动致动器,所述致动器被配置为将所述模锻刀片在所述缩回位置与所述伸展位置之间平移。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其还包括将所述模锻刀片平移到所述伸展位置,使得每个所述模锻刀片的远端伸展超过每个所述开槽刀片的远端。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其还包括在所述变形步骤之后从所述气缸孔中移除所述刀具。
11.一种方法,其包括:
定位具有包括开槽元件和模锻元件的一排或多排元件的圆柱形刀具,所述开槽元件和模锻元件中的一者能够在缩回位置与伸展位置之间平移;
利用所述开槽元件将凹槽形成到圆柱形表面中以在其间形成峰部;以及
利用所述模锻元件使所述峰部变形。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述模锻元件是可平移的。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中当所述模锻元件处于所述缩回位置时,形成所述凹槽。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其还包括在所述变形步骤之后将所述模锻元件平移到所述缩回位置。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述开槽元件是可平移的。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中当所述开槽元件处于所述缩回位置时,所述峰部变形。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其还包括在所述变形步骤之后将所述开槽元件平移到所述伸展位置。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,其还包括在所述形成和变形步骤期间将所述刀具沿着气缸孔的长度保持在轴向位置处。
19.如权利要求11所述的方法,其还包括通过致动位于所述刀具上的致动器来平移所述开槽元件和具有所述缩回和伸展位置的模锻元件中的一者。
20.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中每一排中的所述开槽元件和模锻元件沿着所述刀具的圆周定位。
CN201780087018.1A 2017-02-21 2017-02-21 由具有可平移模锻刀片的刀具进行机械粗糙化 Active CN110325307B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2017/018651 WO2018156098A1 (en) 2017-02-21 2017-02-21 Mechanical roughening by a tool with translatable swaging blades

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110325307A true CN110325307A (zh) 2019-10-11
CN110325307B CN110325307B (zh) 2021-03-26

Family

ID=63253394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780087018.1A Active CN110325307B (zh) 2017-02-21 2017-02-21 由具有可平移模锻刀片的刀具进行机械粗糙化

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10981233B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN110325307B (zh)
CA (1) CA3054009A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE112017006925T5 (zh)
GB (1) GB2574753B (zh)
WO (1) WO2018156098A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11052468B2 (en) * 2017-02-21 2021-07-06 Ford Motor Company Surface roughening tool with translatable swaging blades
US11433463B2 (en) * 2020-05-07 2022-09-06 Mueller Industries, Inc. Prep bit
WO2022081686A1 (en) * 2020-10-13 2022-04-21 Diversitech Corporation Bits and methods of manufacture and use thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6585564B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2003-07-01 Makino Milling Co., Ltd Machine tool device and its working fluid feed device
CN1871090A (zh) * 2003-10-20 2006-11-29 伊斯卡有限公司 去毛边刀具及其切削刀片
JP2008137117A (ja) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-19 Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp 刃先交換式セルフクランプ切削工具
JP2009095918A (ja) * 2007-10-16 2009-05-07 Tungaloy Corp スローアウェイ式切削工具
CN201338219Y (zh) * 2008-12-18 2009-11-04 黄良华 一种新型电动磨刀装置

Family Cites Families (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US294484A (en) * 1884-03-04 Reamer
GB979803A (en) * 1961-10-06 1965-01-06 Kay & Co Eng Ltd Improvements relating to the machining of internally grooved pipes and tubes
US3405049A (en) * 1964-10-27 1968-10-08 Micromatic Hone Corp Cylindrical bore sizing and finishing device
US4105360A (en) * 1977-06-08 1978-08-08 R. H. Sheppard Co., Inc. Dual cut boring tool assembly
DE2804698C2 (de) * 1978-02-03 1982-08-12 Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Bohrkopf
US4508475A (en) * 1981-10-01 1985-04-02 J. P. Tool Boring and grooving tool structure and method
US4615652A (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-10-07 Gte Valeron Corporation Cutting tool compensator for rotary machine tool
US5012863A (en) * 1988-06-07 1991-05-07 Smith International, Inc. Pipe milling tool blade and method of dressing same
US4867619A (en) * 1988-10-07 1989-09-19 Colonial Tool Operations Division Of Textron Canada Ltd. High speed spindle with adjustable tool
US4941782A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-17 Gte Valenite Corporation Adjustable boring bar
DE4022579A1 (de) * 1989-07-25 1991-01-31 Komet Stahlhalter Werkzeug Werkzeug fuer den einsatz in werkzeugmaschinen
US5010955A (en) * 1990-05-29 1991-04-30 Smith International, Inc. Casing mill and method
DE4402503C2 (de) * 1994-01-28 2000-11-02 Mapal Fab Praezision Feinbohrwerkzeug und Verfahren zur Feinbearbeitung einer Bohrung mittels eines Feinbohrwerkzeugs
US5427480A (en) * 1994-04-25 1995-06-27 Valenite Inc. Boring tool having an adjustable cutter element
DE19643590A1 (de) * 1996-03-26 1998-04-23 Mapal Fab Praezision Ausdrehwerkzeug
JPH1110414A (ja) * 1997-06-19 1999-01-19 Honda Motor Co Ltd 中ぐり用工具
US6238150B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2001-05-29 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Drilling tool
US6312200B1 (en) * 1999-12-01 2001-11-06 Ex-Cello Machine Tools, Inc. Method and apparatus for adjusting a tool cartridge, such as a cutter body
DE10144759A1 (de) 2001-09-11 2003-03-27 Komet Stahlhalter Werkzeuge Kombinationswerkzeug
JP4107282B2 (ja) 2004-10-15 2008-06-25 日産自動車株式会社 溶射前処理方法およびエンジンのシリンダブロックならびに溶射前処理装置
JP4093228B2 (ja) 2004-12-10 2008-06-04 日産自動車株式会社 粗面化加工方法および切削工具
JP4059247B2 (ja) 2004-12-10 2008-03-12 日産自動車株式会社 粗面化加工方法および切削工具
JP4844210B2 (ja) * 2006-04-20 2011-12-28 三菱マテリアル株式会社 切削工具及び仕上切刃の突出量補正方法
DE102008019933A1 (de) 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Vorbereiten einer Oberfläche aus Metall für das Aufbringen einer thermisch gespritzten Schicht
CN100571945C (zh) 2008-04-30 2009-12-23 中北大学 一种带修光刀片的自滚式端铣刀
DE102008058452A1 (de) 2008-08-05 2010-02-11 Gühring Ohg Verfahren und Werkzeug zur Erzeugung einer Oberfläche vorbestimmter Rauheit
US20100101526A1 (en) 2008-10-23 2010-04-29 Gehring Gmbh & Co. Kg Method Of Preparing A Surface For Applying A Spray Coating
DE102009027200B3 (de) 2009-06-25 2011-04-07 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn Verfahren zum Aufrauhen von Metalloberflächen, Verwendung des Verfahrens und Werkstück
US8308530B2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2012-11-13 Ati Properties, Inc. Abrasive cutting tool
FR2973267B1 (fr) 2011-04-01 2013-05-17 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif permettant d'augmenter l'adherence d'un revetement par projection thermique realise sur une surface metallique, en particulier sur une surface de fut de carter cylindres de moteur de vehicule
US8534256B2 (en) 2011-08-29 2013-09-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method of making a barbed surface for receiving a thermal spray coating and the surface made by the method
CN202388017U (zh) 2012-01-06 2012-08-22 常州西利合金工具有限公司 复合铣刀
DE102013200912B4 (de) 2012-02-02 2018-05-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Kurbelgehäuse
US9511467B2 (en) * 2013-06-10 2016-12-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cylindrical surface profile cutting tool and process
US20140364042A1 (en) 2013-06-10 2014-12-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cylindrical Surface Profile Cutting Tool and Process
US8726874B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2014-05-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cylinder bore with selective surface treatment and method of making the same
US9272341B2 (en) 2012-08-17 2016-03-01 Walter Ag Device and method for generating microstructures in cylindrical surfaces
CN103056402B (zh) 2012-12-27 2014-12-17 宁波市精恒凯翔机械有限公司 一种柔性镗刮滚一体化进刮回滚型的复合刀具
US9057341B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2015-06-16 Cummins Ip, Inc. Engine cylinder mid-stop
DE102013013830A1 (de) 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Zylinderwand eines Verbrennungsmotors
DE102013014844A1 (de) 2013-09-05 2015-03-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Bearbeiten einer Zylinderwand eines Verbrennungsmotors
DE102014215060B4 (de) 2013-09-20 2018-03-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe
US9382868B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2016-07-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cylinder bore surface profile and process
US11052468B2 (en) * 2017-02-21 2021-07-06 Ford Motor Company Surface roughening tool with translatable swaging blades

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6585564B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2003-07-01 Makino Milling Co., Ltd Machine tool device and its working fluid feed device
CN1871090A (zh) * 2003-10-20 2006-11-29 伊斯卡有限公司 去毛边刀具及其切削刀片
JP2008137117A (ja) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-19 Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp 刃先交換式セルフクランプ切削工具
JP2009095918A (ja) * 2007-10-16 2009-05-07 Tungaloy Corp スローアウェイ式切削工具
CN201338219Y (zh) * 2008-12-18 2009-11-04 黄良华 一种新型电动磨刀装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10981233B2 (en) 2021-04-20
GB2574753A (en) 2019-12-18
CN110325307B (zh) 2021-03-26
GB201913390D0 (en) 2019-10-30
CA3054009A1 (en) 2018-08-30
GB2574753B (en) 2022-01-12
DE112017006925T5 (de) 2019-10-24
US20200230839A1 (en) 2020-07-23
WO2018156098A1 (en) 2018-08-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10221806B2 (en) Cylindrical engine bore
CN104238459B (zh) 在圆柱形表面中切削轮廓的方法
US20150158132A1 (en) Method and tool for producing an exact-fit cylindrical bore by removal of material from an existing bore with a finishing allowance
US8959749B2 (en) Tool and method for mechanical roughening
CN102581751B (zh) 组合加工工具
CN110325307A (zh) 由具有可平移模锻刀片的刀具进行机械粗糙化
US10646968B2 (en) Finishing tool, in particular end milling cutter
US3435502A (en) Piston ring and method of manufacture thereof
CN110312586B (zh) 带有可平移的模锻叶片的表面粗糙化刀具
US20130031782A1 (en) Method for producing a piston for an internal combustion engine
CN108080884B (zh) 具有敲击面的开槽工具
JP2013535344A (ja) 軸受シェルの構造化された滑り面
CN107598480B (zh) 加工工具、尤其滚轧工具以及用于加工气缸运动面的方法
CN204295021U (zh) 一种复合硬质合金刀具
CN108290255A (zh) 粗糙化待涂覆汽缸孔壁的方法和工具及引导汽缸活塞的部件
CN106061659B (zh) 具有可拆卸式切削刀片的旋转式镗孔刀具以及用于机加工燃烧式发动机的气缸孔的方法
US6793560B2 (en) Honing method
CN107755728B (zh) 用于在活塞的内表面中制造槽结构的方法
CN103402680A (zh) 铣削/表面加工方法和装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant