CN110312815A - 黑色铁素体不锈钢板 - Google Patents
黑色铁素体不锈钢板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110312815A CN110312815A CN201880012948.5A CN201880012948A CN110312815A CN 110312815 A CN110312815 A CN 110312815A CN 201880012948 A CN201880012948 A CN 201880012948A CN 110312815 A CN110312815 A CN 110312815A
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- stainless steel
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- blackness
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
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- C21D8/0463—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C23C8/10—Oxidising
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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Abstract
提供一种即使在焊接后也能确保良好的韧性以及耐腐蚀性,能维持表面的黑色度,且焊接性优异的黑色不锈钢板。根据本发明的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,将以质量%计含有C:0.020%以下、Si:1.0%以下、Mn:0.35%以下、P:0.04%以下、S:0.005%以下、Cr:11~25%、Mo:1.0%以下、N:0.020%以下、Al:0.4%以下、Ti:10(C+N)~0.3%、Nb:0.05%以下、O:0.01%以下的不锈钢作为基体,具有在所述基体之上形成有氧化皮膜的表面,其中,对于所述表面,亮度指数(L*)为L*≦45,色度指数(a*、b*)为‑5≦a*≦5、‑5≦b*≦5,黑色度(E)为E=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2≦45的范围内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不仅具有均匀黑色色调的外观性且焊接性也优异的铁素体不锈钢板。
背景技术
不锈钢是耐腐蚀性、外观性优异的基材,利用不锈钢无垢材料所具有的呈现光泽的银白色的基底色,其用作内装和外装材料、排气路径构件等。另一方面,在要求除银白色之外的外观的情况下,适用具有各种色调的不锈钢。作为使不锈钢具有黑色色调的方法,采用化学发色法、涂布法、氧化处理法等。
氧化处理法是在氧化性气氛下加热不锈钢,通过在表面所形成的氧化皮膜而赋予黑色的色调。氧化处理法由于可以利用不锈钢制造工艺中的退火处理,因此无需增加工艺步骤数,与化学发色法以及涂布法相比,可以以低价赋予黑色色调。
通过氧化处理法的不锈钢黑色处理,氧化皮膜的组成以及厚度会产生影响,除了不锈钢的化学成分之外,还需要选定气氛、加热温度、加热时间等处理条件。例如,专利文献1中记载了将含有0.1~1.5质量%Ti的不锈钢在大气中加热至预定的温度范围由此来制备具有黑色色调的不锈钢的方法。专利文献2中加载了示于赋予黑色色调的露点。专利文献3中记载了将含有0.05~1.0%Ti的不锈钢在氧气浓度5~15体积%的气氛中进行加热,以形成密合性良好的黑色皮膜的方法。专利文献4中加载了在热轧后通过#150以上的研磨头进行抛光研磨,此后以冷轧率50%以上进行冷轧,进行氧化处理,从而形成均匀的黑色皮膜的方法。专利文献5中记载了通过限制紧接着氧化皮膜之下的贫Cr层中Cr浓度以及氧化皮膜内层的Al浓度,来形成耐腐蚀性优异的氧化皮膜的方法。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特公平4-33863号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平11-61376号公报
专利文献3:日本专利第3198979号公报
专利文献4:日本专利第3657356号公报
专利文献5:日本专利第3770995号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
汽车的排气系统部件等制品是在钢板加工后进行焊接,以形成预定形状,此后,在制品表面进行涂布处理。该涂布处理导致制造成本增加。另外,如排气系统部件这样的制品,由于暴露于高温中,需要选择适当的涂料。此处,为了省略涂布处理,在研究适用耐腐蚀性与外观性均优异的黑色不锈钢板。然而,通过氧化处理法被黑色化的黑色不锈钢板,在焊接时存在表面的氧化皮膜卷入焊接部中从而使得焊接部的韧性降低的情况。另外,焊接时的加热有可能影响黑色不锈钢板的黑色度、耐腐蚀性。
本发明的目的在于提供一种黑色不锈钢板,是通过氧化处理来赋予黑色色调的黑色不锈钢板,其即使在焊接后也能够确保良好的韧性以及耐腐蚀性,同时能够维持表面的黑色度,焊接性优异。
解决课题的方法
本发明人等,为了解决上述课题进行了研究,发现通过控制铁素体类不锈钢的合金成分以及钢板表面的氧化皮膜,不仅能够良好保证焊接部的韧性以及耐腐蚀性,还能够维持表面的黑色度,从而完成了本发明。具体而言,本发明提供如下方案。
(1)本发明涉及一种焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,将以质量%计含有C:0.020%以下、Si:1.0%以下、Mn:0.35%以下、P:0.04%以下、S:0.005%以下、Cr:11~25%、Mo:1.0%以下、N:0.020%以下、Al:0.4%以下、Ti:10(C+N)~0.3%、Nb:0.05%以下以及O:0.01%以下的不锈钢作为基体,在上述基体之上具有形成有氧化皮膜的表面,上述表面的亮度指数(L*)为L*≦45、色度指数(a*、b*)为-5≦a*≦5、-5≦b*≦5、黑色度(E)为E=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2≦45的范围内。
(2)本发明涉及一种根据上述(1)项记载的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,上述不锈钢以质量%计含有选自Ni:1.0%以下、Cu:1.0%以下、V:1.0%以下、B:0.01%以下的1种或2种以上。
(3)本发明涉及一种根据上述(1)或(2)项记载的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,上述不锈钢以质量%计含有选自Ca:0.01%以下、REM:0.01%以下、Zr:0.1%以下的1种或2种以上。
(4)本发明涉及一种根据上述(1)至(3)任一项记载的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,其中,平板部的黑色度与焊接热影响部的黑色度之间的黑色度差为10以下,且平板部与焊接热影响部之间的点蚀电位差为100mV以下。
(5)本发明涉及含有(1)~(4)任一项所记载的黑色铁素体类不锈钢的焊接结构件。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种即使在焊接后,也能够确保良好的韧性以及耐腐蚀性,同时维持表面黑色度、具有良好的耐皮膜剥离性、焊接性优异的黑色不锈钢板。由于该黑色不锈钢板适于通过加压成型以及通过焊接进行加工,可以广泛适用于排气系统部件等制品。另外,由于即使在焊接后也维持钢板表面的黑色色调,可以省略涂布以使用。
具体实施方式
对于本发明的实施方式进行说明。本发明不限于下述说明。
根据本发明的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,具体而言,含有以下成分。需要说明的是,下述记载的表示各元素的含量的%,在没有特殊说明的情况下,指质量%。
C是不锈钢中所含有的不可避免的元素。当降低C含量,则碳化物的生成减少,使得焊接部的耐腐蚀性以及敏化特性提高,故而优选为0.020%以下,更优选为0.015%以下。另一方面,如果使得C含量降低的精炼处理的时间延长,则会导致制造成本的上升,因此,C含量的下限可以含有0.005%以上。
Si是提高抗剥落剥离性等耐高温氧化性的合金成分,可以含有0.05%以上。另一方面,若过多地含有Si,则钢板的延展性降低,导致加工性的降低、低温韧性的降低。因此,Si含量优选为1.0%以下,更优选为0.7%以下。
Mn是对于抗剥落剥离性等耐高温氧化性的提高有效的元素,可以含有0.04%以上。另一方面,若过多地含有Mn,则加工性以及焊接性减低。进一步,在Cr含量少的情况下,通过添加Mn促进马氏体相的形成,可能导致焊接部的加工性的降低。因此,Mn的含量优选为0.35%以下,更优选为0.30%以下。
P以及S是不锈钢中所含有的不可避免的元素,由于其降低焊接部的韧性,优选尽可能降低其含量。P以及S的含量分别为0.04%以下、0.005%以下。
Cr是在不锈钢表面形成钝化膜的主要的合金元素,带来耐孔蚀性、耐缝隙腐蚀性以及一般耐腐蚀性的提高。为了形成具有黑色色调的均匀的氧化皮膜,优选含有11%以上。更优选为17%以上。另一方面,若过多地含有Cr,则导致机械性质、韧性的降低,进而成为成本增加的原因。因此,Cr含量优选为25%以下。通常使用时,也可以含有23%以下。
Mo与Cr同样地是用于提高耐腐蚀性水平的有效的元素。另一方面,若过多地含有Mo,则在氧化处理时在局部形成氧化皮膜,从而阻碍均匀的黑色皮膜的形成。进一步,其促进焊接热影响部中氧化皮膜的形成,使得焊接热影响部的色调与平板部的色调的差增大,从而损害外观。因此,Mo含量优选为1.0%以下,更优选为0.60%以下。
N是不可避免的杂质,与Ti结合形成氮化物。如后所述,为了形成黑色皮膜,在需要Ti之处,若N含量增加,则钢中的固溶Ti量减少,因此阻碍黑色皮膜的形成。另外,所形成的氮化物易于成为腐蚀的起点,使得耐腐蚀性、尤其是耐孔蚀性降低。进一步,导致焊接部的韧性降低。因此,N含量为0.020%以下。
Al是在铁素体类不锈钢表面形成致密的保护性氧化皮膜从而提高耐氧化性的合金成分,可以含有0.04%以上。另一方面,若过多地含有Al,则低温韧性降低,故而Al含量优选为0.4%以下,更优选为0.10%以下。
Ti是与C和N的亲和力强的元素,因此能够抑制因形成碳氮化合物导致的粒界腐蚀。进一步,通过氧化处理,由Ti和Cr氧化物形成黑色皮膜。因此,优选地,含有C以及N含量(质量%)的10倍以上的Ti。另一方面,若过多地含有Ti,则表面品质、加工性降低。另外,氧化皮膜的成长变得不均匀,易于形成不均匀的表面。因此,Ti含量优选为0.3%以下。
Nb与Ti同样地是与C和N的亲和力强的元素,抑制因形成碳氮化合物导致的粒界腐蚀。另一方面,Nb的氧化物会阻碍由Ti和Cr氧化物形成黑色皮膜,难以形成黑色度富足且均匀的氧化皮膜。因此,Nb含量优选为0.05%以下,更优选为0.02%以下。
O是不可避免的杂质,在焊接时与Al等形成氧化物,降低韧性,故而优选地尽可能降低其含量。因此,O的含量为0.01%以下。
根据需要,优选地,可以含有Ni:1.0%以下、Cu:1.0%以下、V:1.0%以下以及B:0.01%以下中的至少1种以上。
Ni是具有提高耐腐蚀性以及防止加工性下降的作用的合金成分,可以含有0.05%以上。另一方面,Ni是奥氏体生成元素,若含量过多,则有可能破坏焊接部的相平衡,进而成为成本增加的主要原因。因此,Ni的含量优选为1.0%以下,更优选为0.7%以下。
Cu与Mo同样地是提高耐腐蚀性尤其是耐孔蚀性的重要的元素,可以含有0.01%以上。另一方面,若添加过多的Cu,则钢板硬质化从而导致加工性降低。因此,Cu含量优选为1.0%以下,更优选为0.50%以下。
V是能够不损坏韧性的同时提高高温强度的合金成分,可以含有0.01%以上。另一方面,若过多含有V,则钢板硬质化从而导致加工性降低。因此,V含量优选为1.0%以下,更优选为0.50%以下。
B是提高低温韧性的合金成分,可以含有0.0005%以上。另一方面,若过多地含有B,则延展性降低从而导致加工性降低。因此,优选地,B含量为0.01%以下,更优选为0.0050%以下。
另外,根据需要,可以添加Ca、REM或Zr。Ca、REM或Zr是对于不锈钢中不可避免地含有的S和P优先形成化合物,从而抑制焊接部的韧性降低的合金成分,Ca和REM可以分别含有0.001%以上,Zr可以含有0.01%以上。另一方面,当过多地添加这些元素,则钢板硬质化从而导致加工性降低,另外,在制造时易于产生表面瑕疵,从而降低制造型。因此,Ca、REM或Zr,优选以下述含量含有1种以上,其中,Ca和REM分别为0.01%以下,Zr为0.1%以下。
通过氧化处理的黑色不锈钢板的制造方法可以适用专利文献1、3以及4所记载的方法。例如,将不锈钢板进行热轧,将得到的热轧钢卷进行退火、酸洗后,通过#150以上的研磨头进行表面抛光研磨。接着,以冷轧率50%以上进行冷轧后,将得到的冷轧板在氧化性气氛中在900℃以上进行60秒以上的退火,得到黑色不锈钢板。或者,在使用将热轧钢卷进行退火、酸洗后实施冷轧、退火、酸洗得到的冷轧退火板的情况下,通过#150以上的研磨后进行表面抛光研磨后,在氧化性气氛中在900℃以上进行60秒以上退火,由此得到黑色不锈钢板。因此,即使进行抛光研磨步骤,也可以形成黑色的氧化皮膜,但为了形成均匀的氧化皮膜优选实施研磨。黑色不锈钢板在成型加工至预定形状后,进行焊接熔接。作为焊接手段,通常使用MIG焊接以及TIG焊接。
(色调)
根据本发明的黑色不锈钢板,基体的不锈钢具有上述成分组成,此外,通过CIELAB(L*a*b*表色系)规定在基体上形成有氧化皮膜的表面外观。在试验材料的表面,表示亮度的亮度指数L*、表示色调的色度指数a*、b*以及黑色度E=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2取特定的范围。这些数值根据JIS Z8722的色调测定来得到。在钢板的平板部以及距离焊接部5mm的焊接热影响部,测定任意5点,取其平均值。根据本发明的黑色不锈钢板,其表面在L*≦45、-5≦a*≦5、-5≦b*≦5且E=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2≦45的范围内。需说明的是,上述黑色度E通常是称作“色差”的指标,本说明书中将其记作“黑色度”。
(黑色度差)
本说明书中,将平板部的黑色度(E1)与焊接热影响部的黑色度(E2)之间的差记作黑色度差ΔE。在黑色不锈钢板中,通常E1是大于E2的数值,但是即使关系相反,也可以通过“E1-E2”的绝对值来评价黑色度差ΔE。根据本发明的黑色不锈钢板,由于具有焊接后的黑色度差ΔE为10以下的特性,焊接热影响部相对于平板部的黑色度的差较小,即使在焊接后也能够确保优异的外观性。黑色度差ΔE进一步优选为5以下。
(点蚀电位差)
点蚀电位(V’c)是以是否发生孔蚀为标准的值,当点蚀电位高于使用环境的电位(自然电位)时,则抑制孔蚀的发生。本说明书中,将平板部的点蚀电位V’c1与焊接热影响部的点蚀电位V’c2之间的差记作点蚀电位差ΔV’c。黑色不锈钢板中,通常V’c1值大于V’c2,即使显示相反的关系,也可以通过“V’c1-V’c2”的绝对值来评价点蚀电位差ΔV’c。根据本发明的黑色不锈钢板,由于具有焊接后的点蚀电位差ΔV’c为100mV以下的特性,相对于平板部,焊接热影响部的耐腐蚀性降低变小,即使在焊接后也能维持优异的耐腐蚀性。点蚀电位差ΔV’c进一步优选为50mV以下。
实施例
以下,对根据本发明的实施例进行说明。本发明不限于以下说明。
熔制具有表1所示化学成分的不锈钢(实施例1~8、比较例1~11),通过热轧制备板厚3.0mm的热轧板。对于该热轧板在1050℃下实施3分钟退火,此后,利用干珩磨(dryhoning)去除表面的氧化皮膜。此后,冷轧至板厚1.0mm,在1030℃下进行1分钟的完成研磨后,依次使用120号、240号以及400号的干式研磨纸进行手动研磨,去除钢板表面的氧化层。表1的钢组成以质量%表示,余量份为Fe以及不可避免的杂质。
此后,为了使所得到的实施例1~8、比较例1~9的钢板的表面黑色化,在大气气氛下,在1050℃进行3分钟的热处理以实施黑色处理,得到试验材料(A)。将所得到的2片黑色不锈钢板进行焊接,制备试验材料(B)。焊接中使用芯线Y310,进行MIG焊接。另外,比较例10、11不实施黑色处理来作为试验材料。将这些试验材料进行预定的评价试验。
表1
(平板部黑色度的评价试验)
通过试验材料(A)来评价平板部黑色度。对于试验材料(A)表面的任意5点,使用测定径左右的分光光度计的CIELAB(L*a*b*表色系),测定亮度指数L*、色度指数a*、b*,得到平均值。以L*、a*、b*同时满足L*≦45、-5≦a*≦5、-5≦b*≦5的作为合格。进一步,基于L*、a*、b*,计算平板部的黑色度E1=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2,当满足E1≦45时,记作合格。另外,通过肉眼观察来评价黑色的色调的程度。对于色调当未观察到不均匀部分时,记作合格(○),当观察到不均匀的部分时评价为不合格(×)。
(焊接部黑色度的评价试验)
通过实施了焊接的试验材料(B),评价焊接部黑色度。在试验材料(B)中,对于距离焊接部5mm的焊接热影响部的任意5点,通过分光光度计进行测定,得到焊接热影响部的黑色度E2。计算与上述测定得到的平板部的黑色度E1之间的黑色度差ΔE。黑色度差ΔE为5以下时评价为良好(◎)、超过5超且为10以下时评价为合格(○)、超过10时评价为不合格(×)。
(耐腐蚀性的评价试验)
对于试验材料(B)进行切削加工,制作20mm×15mm尺寸的耐腐蚀性试验片。平板部的耐腐蚀性试验片从距离试验材料(B)的焊接部50mm处切取。切取焊接热影响部的耐腐蚀性试验片,以使得该焊接部处于试验片的中央。在试验片的一端通过电焊连接导线,除了试验面10mm×10mm之外部分用有机硅树脂被覆。对焊接热影响部的耐腐蚀性试验片进行被覆以使得焊接部处于露出试验面的中央处。作为试验液,使用3.5%的NaCl水溶液,在30℃在Ar脱气下进行试验。将试验面完全浸渍在上述NaCl水溶液中,放置10分钟后,使用恒电位仪通过动电位法,以电位扫描速度20mV/min,从自然电极电位至阳极电流密度到达500μA/cm2进行电位测定,得到阳极极化曲线。点蚀电位是阳极极化曲线中与100μA/cm2相对应的电位中的最高值。
分别测定黑色不锈钢板中平板部的点蚀电位V’c1、焊接热影响部的点蚀电位V’c2,得到两者的点蚀电位差ΔV’c。点蚀电位差ΔV’c为50mV以下的评价为良好(◎)、为100mV以下的评价为合格(○)、超过100mV的评价为不合格(×)。
(皮膜密合性的评价试验)
切取50mm×50mm的尺寸以使得试验材料(B)的焊接部处于中央,制造试验片。使用压缩试验机,在与试验片的焊接部垂直方向上以R=2mm弯曲角度90°,通过肉眼确定在焊接部有无氧化皮膜的剥离。对于无剥离的评价为合格(○),对于发生剥离的评价为不合格(×)。
(焊接部的韧性的评价试验)
使用与上述皮膜密合性的评价同样的试验片,利用压缩试验机,在与试验片的焊接部平行方向上以R=2mm弯曲角度90°,肉眼确定在焊接部有无裂纹。对于焊接部无裂纹的评价为合格(○),对于发生裂纹的评价为不合格(×)。
对于上述黑色度、耐腐蚀性、皮膜密合性、焊接部韧性,评价试验的结果示于表2。
表2
(下划线表示本发明的范围之外)
如表2所示,包含于本发明的范围内的实施例1~8的黑色不锈钢板,在平板部与焊接热影响部,各自的黑色度以及耐腐蚀性的差较小。进一步,对于实施例1~8,确认其焊接部的皮膜密合性优异的同时,焊接部的韧性良好。
相对于此,比较例1~9的黑色不锈钢板,由于处于本发明的成分组成的范围外,黑色度、耐腐蚀性、皮膜密合性或焊接部韧性的任一个,均差于实施例1~8。比较例1中,S含量超过0.005%,另外,比较例2的氧含量超过0.01%,因此任一个的焊接部的韧性差。比较例3中,Cr含量少于11%,未能形成黑色的氧化皮膜,黑色度在本发明范围外,并且热影响部的耐腐蚀性以及皮膜密合性下降。比较例4中,由于Ti含量少于C和N的总和的10倍,焊接热影响部的耐腐蚀性下降。比较例5、6中,Ti含量少于C和N的总和的10倍,且Nb含量超过0.05%,因此黑色度处于本发明范围外,并且由于皮膜的形成不均匀,呈现不均匀的色调。比较例7、8中,因为Mo含量超过1.0%,由于焊接时的加热使得焊接热影响部的氧化局部推进,焊接热影响部的色调与平板部的色调的差异变得明显。比较例9中,由于N含量超过0.020%,未形成黑色的氧化皮膜,黑色度在本发明的范围之外,并且焊接热影响部的耐腐蚀性下降。
比较例10、11虽然是本发明的范围内的成分组成,但作为未实施黑色化的氧化处理的参考例。根据焊接后的外观以及耐腐蚀性的试验结果,在平板部与焊接热影响部之间产生明确的差。由于黑色处理形成的氧化皮膜,除了对不锈钢板赋予黑色表面这一外观性之外,还可以确定其有利于确保焊接后也具有良好的耐腐蚀性。
Claims (5)
1.一种焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,其中,将以质量%计含有C:0.020%以下、Si:1.0%以下、Mn:0.35%以下、P:0.04%以下、S:0.005%以下、Cr:11~25%、Mo:1.0%以下、N:0.020%以下、Al:0.4%以下、Ti:10(C+N)~0.3%、Nb:0.05%以下以及O:0.01%以下的不锈钢作为基体,具有在所述基体之上形成有氧化皮膜的表面,
对于所述表面,亮度指数即L*为L*≦45,色度指数即a*、b*为-5≦a*≦5、-5≦b*≦5,黑色度即E为E=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2≦45的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,其中,所述不锈钢以质量%计含有选自Ni:1.0%以下、Cu:1.0%以下、V:1.0%以下以及B:0.01%以下的1种或2种以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,其中,所述不锈钢以质量%计含有选自Ca:0.01%以下、REM:0.01%以下以及Zr:0.1%以下的1种或2种以上。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接性优异的黑色铁素体不锈钢板,其中,平板部的黑色度与焊接热影响部的黑色度之间的黑色度差为10以下,且平板部与焊接热影响部之间的点蚀电位差为100mV以下。
5.包含根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的黑色铁素体类不锈钢的焊接结构件。
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