CN110307047A - 用于燃气涡轮发动机的外壳 - Google Patents
用于燃气涡轮发动机的外壳 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110307047A CN110307047A CN201910214537.0A CN201910214537A CN110307047A CN 110307047 A CN110307047 A CN 110307047A CN 201910214537 A CN201910214537 A CN 201910214537A CN 110307047 A CN110307047 A CN 110307047A
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Abstract
提供一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机(10)的发动机外壳(100)。示例性发动机外壳(100)包括改善噪声和热衰减、减小外壳(100)的重量并且为发动机外壳(100)的内部容积(120)提供更易进入的接入点(126)的特征。
Description
技术领域
本主题总体上涉及一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机的发动机外壳。
背景技术
一些燃气涡轮发动机包含在外壳内以保护发动机免受环境影响并且保护周围结构(例如船舶)免受燃气涡轮发动机的影响。用于船舶的发动机外壳通常位于船体的下部,并且通常包括入口区域、排放区域和在入口区域和排放区域之间延伸的发动机区域。在发动机操作期间,从发动机进入机器空间或发动机室的噪音和热量可能很大。
传统的发动机外壳通常由四个独立的壁和顶部构成,壁和顶部分别由碳钢形成。碳钢壁和顶部使得外壳相对较重。这种外壳的重量给船舶设计者带来了挑战,因为船舶的浮力和稳定性受到外壳重量的影响。此外,碳钢壁在含盐环境中易于生锈。结果,维修这种碳钢外壳的壁和顶部的过度腐蚀和锈蚀的成本在其各自的生命周期中可能是显著的。此外,由于传统外壳的壁和顶部通常是连接在一起形成矩形长方体形状的独立件,因此壁和顶部之间的接缝或接头允许热量和噪音从外壳向外散发,这可能使船上人员的工作环境变得严峻。传统的外壳通常还包括许多碳钢接入点,包括进入舱口,面板和门。接入点可以用于例如进入包含在外壳内的燃气涡轮发动机。除了上面提到的关于碳钢壁和顶部的挑战之外,由于它们的重量和/或碳钢的腐蚀,操作者有时难以打开和移动这些接入点。
因此,解决上述一个或多个挑战的发动机外壳将是有用的。
发明内容
本发明的各方面和优点将部分地在以下描述中阐述,或者可以从描述中显而易见,或者可以通过实践本发明来学习。
在一个示例性方面,本公开指向一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机的至少一部分的外壳。外壳包括至少一个壁,上述壁限定外壳的内部容积的至少一部分。外壳的壁包括第一隔离板。外壳的壁还包括声音吸收构件,声音吸收构件相对于内部容积被定位在第一隔离板的外侧。外壳的壁进一步包括隔音屏障,隔音屏障相对于内部容积被定位成邻近声音吸收构件并且被定位在声音吸收构件的外侧。此外,外壳的壁包括外部壳体,外部壳体相对于内部容积被定位在隔音屏障的外侧,其中外部壳体由复合材料形成。
在一些实施例中,声音吸收构件是第一声音吸收构件,并且隔音屏障是第一隔音屏障。在这样的实施例中,外壳的壁进一步包括第二声音吸收构件,第二声音吸收构件相对于内部容积被定位在第一隔音屏障的外侧。此外,外壳的壁进一步包括第二隔音屏障,第二隔音屏障相对于内部容积被定位成邻近第二声音吸收构件并且被定位在第二声音吸收构件的外侧。
在一些实施例中,外壳的壁进一步包括第三声音吸收构件,第三声音吸收构件相对于内部容积被定位在第二隔音屏障的外侧。此外,外壳的壁还包括第三隔音屏障,第三隔音屏障相对于内部容积被定位成邻近第三声音吸收构件并且被定位在第三声音吸收构件的外侧。
在一些实施例中,第三隔音屏障被定位成邻近外部壳体并且被定位在外部壳体的内侧。
在一些实施例中,第二隔离板被定位在第一隔离板和声音吸收构件之间。
在一些实施例中,第二隔离板被定位成邻近第一隔离板。
在一些实施例中,隔音屏障是乙烯基垫。
在一些实施例中,穿孔片被定位成邻近第一隔离板并且被定位在第一隔离板的内侧。
在一些实施例中,穿孔片由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料形成。
在一些实施例中,声音吸收构件由矿棉形成。
在一些实施例中,外部壳体的复合材料是碳纤维增强酚醛复合材料。
在一些实施例中,壁的厚度小于或等于约四(4)英寸。
在一个示例性方面,本公开指向一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机的至少一部分的外壳。外壳包括限定内部容积的多个壁,联接相邻的壁并形成每个壁的至少一部分的整体式外部壳体,整体式外部壳体由复合材料形成。至少一个壁包括第一隔离板。该壁还包括声音吸收构件,声音吸收构件相对于内部容积被定位在第一隔离板的外侧。该壁进一步包括隔音屏障,隔音屏障相对于内部容积被定位成邻近声音吸收构件并且被定位在声音吸收构件的外侧。此外,外部壳体相对于内部容积被定位在隔音屏障的外侧。
在一些实施例中,外壳进一步包括通过整体式外部壳体与多个壁中的一个或多个壁联接的顶部,并且其中,外部壳体形成顶部的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中,外壳进一步包括通过整体式外部壳体与多个壁中的一个或多个壁联接的底板,并且其中,外部壳体形成底板的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中,外壳进一步包括接入点,接入点用于选择性地进入外壳的内部容积。接入点包括穿孔片和隔离板,隔离板相对于内部容积被定位在穿孔片的外侧。接入点进一步包括环氧树脂层,环氧树脂层相对于内部容积沿着接入点的至少一部分被定位在隔离板的外侧。接入点还包括至少一个隔音板,至少一个隔音板相对于内部容积被定位在环氧树脂层的外侧。另外,接入点包括外部壳体,外部壳体相对于内部容积被定位在隔音板的外侧。
在另一个示例性方面,本公开指向一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机的至少一部分的外壳。外壳包括至少一个壁,上述壁限定外壳的内部容积的至少一部分。外壳的壁包括第一隔离板。该壁还包括隔音板,隔音板相对于内部容积被定位在第一隔离板的外侧,第一隔音板包括声音吸收构件和隔音屏障。此外,该壁还包括外部壳体,外部壳体由复合材料形成,并且相对于内部容积被定位在隔音板的外侧。此外,该壁包括帽形加强件。帽形加强件包括帽形构件,帽形构件限定加强件容积,帽形构件包括第一凸缘、帽形部分和第二凸缘,第一凸缘附接到外部壳体,帽形部分从外部壳体向内延伸,第二凸缘附接至外部壳体。帽形加强件还包括泡沫构件,泡沫构件布置在加强件容积内。
在一些实施例中,帽形构件进一步包括内部构件和外部构件,外部构件相对于内部容积被定位在内部构件的外侧,帽形构件的内部构件和外部构件被定位在帽形构件的内部部分处,其中,内部构件和外部构件限定内部容积。帽形构件还包括加强构件,加强构件布置在内部容积内。
在一些实施例中,隔音板是第一隔音板,声音吸收构件是第一声音吸收构件,并且隔音屏障是第一隔音屏障,并且其中,第一隔音屏障相对于内部容积定位在第一声音吸收构件的外侧。在一些实施例中,外壳的壁进一步包括第二隔音板,第二隔音板相对于内部容积被定位在第一隔音板的外侧,第二隔音板包括第二声音吸收构件和第二隔音屏障,以及第三隔音板,第三隔音板相对于内部容积被定位在第二隔音板的外侧,第三隔音板包括第三声音吸收构件和第三隔音屏障。帽形部分从外部壳体向第一声音吸收构件的内表面向内延伸。
在一些实施例中,第一凸缘布置在第三隔音屏障和外部壳体之间,第二凸缘布置在第三隔音屏障和外部壳体之间。
参考以下描述和所附权利要求,将更好地理解本发明的这些和其他特征,方面和优点。包含在本说明书中并构成其一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
附图说明
在说明书中参考附图阐述了针对本领域普通技术人员的本发明的完整且可行的公开,包括其最佳模式,其中:
图1提供根据本公开的各种实施例的示例性燃气涡轮发动机的示意性横截面视图;
图2提供根据本公开的各种实施例的示例性发动机外壳的示意图;
图3提供图2中的发动机外壳的立体图;
图4提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的图3中的外壳的一个壁的横截面视图;
图5提供描绘对图3中的具有复合外部壳体的外壳以及具有金属外部壳体的现有技术外壳进行的噪声测试的结果的图表;
图6提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的描绘帽形加强件的图3中的外壳的一个壁的另一横截面视图;和
图7提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的图3中的外壳的一个接入点的横截面视图。
在本说明书和附图中重复使用参考字符旨在表示相同或类似的特征或元件。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的实施例,其一个或多个示例在附图中示出。详细描述使用数字和字母标记来指代附图中的特征。附图和说明书中的相同或类似的标记已用于指代本发明的相同或相似的部分。如本文所使用的,术语“第一”,“第二”和“第三”可以互换使用以将一个部件与另一个部件区分开,并且不旨在表示各个部件的位置或重要性。术语“上游”和“下游”是指相对于流体路径中的流体流动的相对方向。例如,“上游”是指流体从其流动的方向,“下游”是指流体向其流动的方向。此外,如本文所使用的,近似项,例如“大致”,“基本上”或“大约”,是指在百分之十(10%)误差范围内。
本公开的示例性方面指向一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机的发动机外壳。本文提供的发动机外壳包括改善噪音和热衰减,减少外壳重量,降低外壳的腐蚀和锈蚀速率,并提供使得进入发动机外壳的内部容积更容易的接入点(例如,进入面板)的特征。特别地,在一个示例性方面,外壳的外部壳体由复合材料形成,例如碳酚醛复合材料。此外,复合外部壳体形成为单个整体式整体部件。以这种方式,减小了外壳的重量,减小了外壳的腐蚀和锈蚀速率,并且由于复合外部壳体中没有接缝或接头,因此可以改善噪音和热衰减。此外,接入点还包括由复合材料形成的外部壳体。以这种方式,接入点的重量减小,这便于进入发动机外壳的内部容积。此外,如本文所述,外壳的壁、顶部和/或底板的结构以这样的方式构造为除了其他益处之外还改善了噪声和热衰减。
图1提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的示例性燃气涡轮发动机10的示意图。燃气涡轮发动机10限定轴向方向A(平行于提供用于参考的纵向中心线LC延伸),径向方向R和周向方向(绕轴向方向A延伸360度(360°);未示出)。燃气涡轮发动机10包括入口部分12,发动机部分14和排放部分16。发动机部分14包括串行连接的至少一个压缩机18,燃烧器20,高压涡轮22和低压涡轮24。燃气涡轮发动机10在入口部分12处限定入口26,并且排放部分16包括排放喷嘴28。对于该实施例,压缩机18和涡轮22通过第一轴30联接,并且涡轮24和从动负载32通过第二轴34联接。
在操作中,空气流入入口26并向下游到压缩机18,在压缩机18处,空气被压缩。然后压缩空气被引导到燃烧器20,在燃烧器20处,其与燃料混合并点燃。所产生的燃烧气体从燃烧器20向下游流动并驱动旋转HP和LP涡轮22,24,并且通过排放喷嘴28离开燃气涡轮发动机10。当LP涡轮24被驱动时,联接到其上的第二轴34驱动从动负载32。
应当理解,尽管关于图1中的作为船用燃气涡轮发动机的燃气涡轮发动机进行了描述,但是,本主题可适用于其他类型的涡轮机。
图2提供根据本公开的各种示例性实施例的示例性发动机外壳100的立体图。如图所示,发动机外壳100被构造成容纳或收纳燃气涡轮发动机。例如,在图2所示的实施例中,发动机外壳100容纳图1中的船用燃气涡轮发动机10。。
如图2所示,发动机外壳100包括用于容纳发动机10的入口部分12的入口模块50,用于容纳发动机10的发动机部分14的发动机模块60,以及用于容纳发动机10的排放部分16的排放模块70。在所示的示例性实施例中,基座80与发动机模块60联接,用于支撑发动机外壳100。发动机外壳100可以用在利用发动机10产生的动力的结构(未示出)内。例如,发动机外壳100可以安装在船舶或拖车(未示出)内。对于该实施例,模块50,60,70彼此相邻定位和/或联接,用于通常容纳燃气涡轮发动机10。更具体地,入口模块50限定腔52,腔52的尺寸和/或形状设计成至少部分地在其中容纳发动机入口部分12。类似地,发动机模块60限定腔62,腔62的尺寸和/或形状设计成至少部分地在其中容纳发动机部分14,并且排放模块70限定腔72,腔72的尺寸和/或形状设计成至少部分地在其中容纳发动机排放部分16。
入口端口82与发动机外壳100的入口模块50联接,并且被构造成用于接收进入入口模块50的腔62的气流以供燃气涡轮发动机10使用。入口端口82与由发动机外壳100限定的入口88流体连通。类似地,出口端口84与排放模块70联接,并且被构造成用于排出由发动机10产生的燃烧气体流。出口端口84与由发动机外壳100限定的出口89流体连通。冷却管道86与发动机外壳100流体连通,并且被构造成从冷却系统(未示出)向发动机模块60供应冷却气流,以在操作期间冷却发动机10。异物损坏(FOD)筛组件90定位在入口模块50内,并且在由阻挡壁限定的开口上联接到发动机外壳100的内部或阻挡壁。FOD筛组件90保护燃气涡轮发动机10免于摄取可能通过入口端口82向下游流动的异物碎片。
图3提供图2中的发动机外壳100的立体图。如图3所示,发动机外壳100包括外部壳体110,外部壳体110沿竖直方向V在顶部101和底部102之间延伸。外部壳体110还沿着侧向方向L在第一侧103和第二侧104之间以及沿着横向方向T在前部105和后部106之间延伸。竖直方向V,侧向方向L和横向方向T相互垂直并形成正交方向系统。
此外,对于该示例性实施例,发动机外壳100包括第一壁112,联接到第一壁112的第二壁114,联接到第二壁114的第三壁116,以及联接到第三壁116和第一壁112的第四壁118,以使得发动机外壳100限定近似矩形的外壳或内部容积120,其尺寸适合于装入和容纳发动机10(图2)。更具体地,第一壁112沿侧向方向L与第三壁116间隔开,并且基本平行于第三壁116。第一壁112也分别基本垂直于第二和第四壁114,118。第二壁114沿横向方向T与第四壁118间隔开。第二壁114也基本平行于第四壁118。而且,第二壁114分别基本垂直于第一和第三壁112,116。在所描绘的图3的实施例中,发动机外壳100还包括分别联接到第一,第二,第三和第四壁112,114,116,118的上表面的顶部122,以使得发动机10装入在发动机外壳100内。在一些实施例中,发动机外壳100可包括底板124(图2),如果包括底板124,其分别连接到第一,第二,第三和第四壁112,114,116,118的下表面。
此外,对于该示例性实施例,外壳100的外部壳体110是由复合材料形成的整体部件。也就是说,壁112,114,116,118和顶部122整体形成为单个整体复合部件。整体式外部壳体110联接相邻的壁(以及顶部122和底板124)并形成每个壁(以及顶部122和底板124)的至少一部分。此外,在一些实施例中,壁112,114,116,118和顶部122的外部壳体110可以由聚合物基质复合(PMC)材料形成。对于该实施例,外壳100的外部壳体110的复合材料是碳纤维增强酚醛复合材料。通过将外壳100形成为单个整体复合部件,外壳100的外部壳体110是无缝的,例如,与具有由连接在一起的独立件形成的碳钢部和壁顶的发动机外壳相比,这可以提供改善的热量和声音衰减。此外,例如,与具有碳钢顶部和壁的发动机外壳相比,复合外部壳体110提供发动机外壳的重量减轻。此外,由于碳纤维增强酚醛复合材料不易腐蚀和锈蚀,因此可以降低昂贵的维修和生命周期成本。例如,与由碳钢形成的外壳相比,形成复合材料的外部壳体110的另一个优点是外壳的重量减轻。例如,这可以协助船舶制造商提供浮力和稳定性。例如,外壳的重量减少以及因此船舶的重量减轻可允许船舶在沿岸水域中巡逻。将外部壳体110形成为整体复合部件也可具有其他优点。
如图3中进一步描绘的,发动机外壳100包括多个接入点126。特别地,接入点126中的一个是进入舱口128,其提供从顶部122进入发动机外壳100的内部容积120的入口。进入舱口128可以可旋转地铰接或可拆卸地安装到顶部122。当进入舱口128被移除或旋转到打开位置时,操作者可以通过由顶部122限定的开口进入发动机10。发动机外壳100的另一个接入点126包括进入门130,其可以可旋转地铰接或可拆卸地安装到发动机外壳100的第一壁112。对于该实施例,进入门130可旋转地铰接到发动机外壳100的第一壁112。当进入门130被移除或旋转到打开位置时,操作者可以通过由第一壁112限定的开口进入外壳100的发动机模块60。以这种方式,例如,可以接近发动机10的发动机部分14以进行维护。此外,发动机外壳100的另一个接入点126包括进入面板132,进入面板132可以可旋转地铰接或可拆卸地安装到发动机外壳100的第一壁112。当进入面板132被移除或旋转到打开位置时,操作者可以通过由第一壁112限定的开口或更宽泛地,由入口模块50进入发动机10的入口部分12。发动机外壳100也可包括其他接入点126。
对于该实施例,类似于形成壁112,114,116,118,顶部122和底板124的外表面的整体式外部壳体110,一个或多个接入点126同样具有由复合材料形成的外部壳体。此外,对于该实施例,一个或多个接入点126的外部壳体的复合材料是碳纤维增强的酚醛复合材料。优选地,在一些实施例中,每个接入点126的外部壳体由复合材料形成。通过形成复合材料的一个或多个接入点126的外部壳体,例如,与相对较重的碳钢接入点相比,除了上面关于外壳100的复合外部壳体110所述的优点之外,接入点126的减轻的重量也可以允许操作者更容易打开和关闭接入点。
图4提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的图3中的发动机外壳100的一个壁的横截面视图。图4中示出的壁代表发动机外壳100中的壁112,114,116,118,顶部122或者底板124(如果包括底板124的话)中的一个或多个的构造。在图4中,该壁被表示为第一壁112。
如图4所示,第一壁112限定外壳100的内部容积120的至少一部分。第一壁112从外壳100的内部容积120向外依次包括穿孔片134。穿孔片134包括穿过其中的多个穿孔。穿孔片134可以由金属材料(例如钢)形成,或者在一些示例性实施例中,穿孔片134由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)材料形成。穿孔片134邻近第一隔离板136并位于第一隔离板136的内侧。换句话说,第一隔离板136邻近穿孔片134并且位于穿孔片134的外侧。第一隔离板136可以是不易燃的,抗冲击和振动灵活的或刚性微孔的隔离板,其具有适于衰减外壳100内的温度的热特性。例如,第一隔离板136可以是由长丝增强的热解二氧化硅的不透明混合物配制的过度缝合板。第二隔离板138邻近第一隔离板136并位于第一隔离板136的外侧。第二隔离板138可以由与第一隔离板136相同的材料形成。通过将第二隔离板138定位成邻近第一隔离板136,第二隔离板138防止通过第一隔离板136泄漏的声音和/或热量向外逃离内部容积120。优选地,第二隔离板138定位成使得其覆盖沿第一隔离板136的任何接缝或接头。
如图4进一步所示,第一隔音板140相对于内部容积120被定位成邻近第二隔离板136并位于第二隔离板136的外侧。第一隔音板140包括第一声音吸收构件142和第一隔音屏障144,第一声音吸收构件142邻近第二隔离板136并且位于第二隔离板136的外侧,第一隔音屏障144邻近第一声音吸收构件142并且位于第一声音吸收构件142的外侧。对于该实施例,第一声音吸收构件142由矿棉材料形成,其提供热隔离,防火和声音衰减。第一隔音屏障144由乙烯基垫材料形成,该乙烯基垫材料为穿过第一声音吸收构件142的声音提供噪声屏障。也就是说,第一隔音板140有助于容纳内部容积120内的声音并且减少从内部容积120向外的声音传输。
第二隔音板150相对于内部容积120被定位成邻近第一隔音板140并位于第一隔音板140的外侧。第二隔音板150包括第二声音吸收构件152和第二隔音屏障154,第二声音吸收构件152被定位成邻近第一隔音屏障144并且位于第一隔音屏障144的外侧,第二隔音屏障154被定位成邻近第二声音吸收构件152并且位于第二声音吸收构件152的外侧。对于该实施例,第二声音吸收构件152由与第一声音吸收构件142相同的材料(即,矿棉材料)形成,并且第二隔音屏障154由与第一隔音屏障144相同的材料形成(即,乙烯基垫材料)。第二隔音板150进一步衰减从容纳在外壳100的内部容积120内的发动机10发出的声音和热量。
如图4中进一步所示,第三隔音板160相对于内部容积120被定位成邻近第一隔音板140和第二隔音板150并位于第一隔音板140和第二隔音板150的外侧。第三隔音板160包括第三声音吸收构件162和第三隔音屏障164,第三声音吸收构件162被定位成邻近第二隔音屏障154并且位于第二隔音屏障154的外侧,第三隔音屏障164被定位成邻近第三声音吸收构件162并且位于第三声音吸收构件162的外侧。对于该实施例,第三声音吸收构件162由与第一和第二声音吸收构件142,152相同的材料(即,矿棉材料)形成,并且第三隔音屏障164由与第一和第二隔音屏障144,154相同的材料(即,乙烯基垫材料)形成。第三隔音板160进一步衰减从容纳在外壳100的内部容积120内的发动机10发出的声音和热量。尽管图4所示的示例性实施例包括三个隔音板,但是在替代示例性实施例中,第一壁112(或其他壁114,116,118或顶部122或底板124中的一个)可包括单个隔音板,两个隔音板或多于三个的隔音板。
外部壳体110显示为相对于内部容积120定位在第一,第二和第三隔音板140,150,160的外侧。更具体地,外部壳体110被定位成邻近第三隔音屏障164并且在第三隔音屏障164的外侧。外部壳体110限定外壳100的外部表面166。此外,如上所述,在该实施例中,外部壳体110由复合材料形成。
图4中描绘的壁的构造提供许多优点。例如,人类听觉频率中的噪声衰减得到改善,从而降低了发动机对机器空间或发动机室中的整体噪声的贡献。例如,图5提供描绘针对具有复合外部壳体110的图4中的壁和具有金属外部壳体的现有技术的壁进行的噪声测试的结果的图表。如图表所示,针对两个测试案例描绘了作为频率函数的空气传播噪声。表示为M1的金属测试案例证明在六十到大约二百五十赫兹(60-250Hz)的频率范围内具有比表示为C1的复合测试案例更好的空气传播噪声的降低。然而,在约250赫兹和8,000赫兹之间(250-8,000赫兹)的人类听觉频率范围内,复合测试案例C1的性能优于金属测试案例M1。特别地,复合测试案例C1在大约2,000赫兹以上的频率范围内大大优于金属测试案例M1。如图5所示,两个测试案例之间的最大差值是在大约八千赫兹(8,000赫兹)处。此外,如上所述,壁(或外壳的壁,顶部和底板)的复合外部壳体大大减轻了外壳的重量,如上所述,具有许多优点。
此外,在一些实施例中,由于发动机外壳100的壁的构造,可以利用小于约4英寸(4英寸)的壁厚实现上述这样的声音和热衰减改进。作为一个示例,穿孔片134的厚度为百分之三英寸(0.03英寸)。第一和第二隔离板136,138的组合的总厚度为十分之七英寸(0.7英寸)。第一,第二和第三隔音板140,150,160各自具有大约一英寸(1英寸)的厚度,而声音吸收构件大约为十分之九英寸(0.9英寸),并且每个隔音板的隔音屏障约为十分之一英寸(0.1英寸)。复合外部壳体110的厚度约为十分之三英寸(0.3英寸)。因此,壁的总厚度约为四英寸加三百分之三英寸(4.03英寸)。应当理解,上面提供的壁的层的厚度不是限制性的;相反,上面提供的厚度提供了外壳100的壁构造的一个示例构造。
图6提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的图3中的外壳100的一个壁(或顶部或底板)的另一横截面视图,描绘了布置在其中的帽形加强件170。具有帽形加强件170的图6所示的实施例代表图3中的发动机外壳100的壁112,114,116,118,顶部122或者底板124(如果包括底板124的话)中的一个或多个的构造。在图6中,壁被表示为第一壁112。通常,壁112,114,116,118,顶部122和底板124可各自包括一个或多个帽形加强件170,其可提供改进的刚性,部件附接以及声音和/或热衰减。优选地,壁、顶部和底板各自具有多个帽形加强件170。
如图6所示,第一壁112通常具有与图4中所示的示例性第一壁112相同的结构,除了壁的这部分具有帽形加强件170之外。对于该实施例,帽形加强件170沿着侧向方向L从复合外部壳体110向内(相对于内部容积120)向第二隔离板138延伸。帽形加强件170具有帽形构件172,帽形构件172限定加强件容积174。更具体地,帽形构件172和外部壳体110限定加强件容积174。在该实施例中,泡沫构件176布置在加强件容积174内并填充该空间。泡沫构件176为帽形加强件170提供声音和热衰减。在该实施例中,泡沫构件176由酚醛泡沫形成。此外,对于该实施例,帽形构件172由复合材料形成,更具体地,帽形构件172由三轴碳酚醛层压板形成。
泡沫构件176可以接收肋或结构件171,肋或结构件171延伸穿过由泡沫构件176限定的开口以及由帽形构件172限定的开口。结构件171可以提供用于一个或多个销或其他部件附接于其上的牢固安装结构,如图6所示。如图所示,销186附接到结构件171。销186从其与结构件171的附接点朝向内部容积120向内延伸。安装结构188附接到销186并且布置在内部容积120内。各种物品可以安装到内部容积120内的安装结构188。以这种方式,帽形加强件170提供到壁112(或顶部或底板)的牢固部件附接。
仍然参考图6,帽形构件172具有大致类似帽子的横截面形状。如图所示,从左到右参考,帽形构件172具有第一凸缘173,第一凸缘173邻近外部壳体110的内部表面168定位并附接到外部壳体110的内表面168。第一凸缘173例如沿着侧向方向L布置在外部壳体110和第三隔音屏障164之间。帽形构件172具有帽形部分183,帽形部分183通常从外部壳体110向第一声音吸收构件142的内表面145向内延伸。对于该实施例,帽形构件172的帽形部分183具有沿侧向方向L延伸的第一侧壁185。在帽形加强件170的帽形部分183的内部分处,帽形构件172的第一侧壁185分成内部构件178和外部构件180。内部构件178和外部构件180都大致沿着横向方向T延伸,并且内部构件178沿着侧向方向L与外部构件180间隔开。换句话说,内部构件178相对于内部容积120定位在外部构件180的内侧。内部容积182由内部构件178和外部构件180限定。加强构件184布置在内部容积182的内部并填充内部容积182的空间。在该实施例中,加强构件184由复合材料形成,更具体地,加强构件184由一个或多个单向碳酚醛层压板形成。单向碳酚醛层压板为帽形加强件170的内部分提供结构刚性。
内部构件178和外部构件180在帽形构件172的帽形部分183的另一侧重新连接。第二侧壁187从内部构件178和外部构件180的连接点沿侧向方向L延伸。第二侧壁187与第一侧壁185相对并且例如沿着横向方向T与第一侧壁185间隔开。第二侧壁187在帽形加强件170的外部分处弯曲成第二凸缘177。第二凸缘177定位成邻近外部壳体110的内部表面168并且附接到外部壳体110的内部表面168。第二凸缘177例如沿侧向方向L布置在外部壳体110和第三隔音屏障164之间。如上所述,图6中示出的壁的构造可以提供改进的刚性,部件附接以及声音和/或热衰减。
图7提供根据本公开的示例性实施例的图3中的外壳100的一个接入点126的横截面视图。图7中示出的接入点126代表图3中的发动机外壳100的一个或多个接入点126的结构。特别地,图7中的接入点126是可移除地安装到发动机外壳100的顶部122的进入舱口128。
如图7所示,进入舱口128通常具有与图4中所示的示例性第一壁112相同的构造,除了下面提到的特征外。对于该实施例,进入舱口128包括外部壳体111。进入舱口128的外部壳体111由与外壳100的外部壳体110相同的材料(即,复合材料)形成。更具体地,对于该实施例,进入舱口128的外部壳体111由碳酚醛复合材料形成。通过形成复合材料的进入舱口128的外部壳体111,例如,与具有碳钢外部壳体的进入舱口相比,减小了进入舱口的重量。例如,这可以允许操作者更容易地移动进入舱口128。
仍然参考图7,对于该实施例,进入舱口128具有固化的环氧树脂层190。例如,环氧树脂层190可以是环氧树脂粘合剂。如图所示,环氧树脂层190布置在第二隔离板138和第一声音吸收构件142之间。此外,如图所示,环氧树脂层190沿着侧壁192并沿着进入舱口128的凸缘194形成进入舱口128的外表面。多个密封构件196附接到环氧树脂层190,并且当进入舱口128定位在由顶部122限定的开口内时,密封构件196定位在进入舱口128的侧壁192和外部壳体110的框架198之间,用于密封进入舱口128与外壳100。外部壳体110的框架198限定内部容积。泡沫芯200布置在由框架198限定的内部容积内,用于声音和热衰减。为了利用密封构件196密封进入舱口128与框架198,沿竖直方向V向下按压闩锁组件202,以将冲击板204压靠在进入舱口128的复合外部壳体111上。这又压缩了进入舱口128的侧壁192和外部壳体110的框架198之间的密封构件196。
此外,如图7所示,从外壳100的内部容积120向外依次地,进入舱口128包括穿孔片134。第一和第二隔离板136,138位于穿孔片134的外侧,用于提供隔离。环氧树脂层190沿着进入舱口128的至少一部分定位在第一和第二隔离板136,138的外侧。第一,第二和第三隔音板140,150,160相对于内部容积120位于环氧树脂层190的外侧。隔音板140,150,160中的每一个包括相应的声音吸收构件和向外定位的隔音屏障。进入舱口128的外部壳体111位于隔音板140,150,160的外侧。更具体地,进入舱口128的外部壳体111定位成邻近第三隔音板160的第三隔音屏障164并且在其外侧。除了如上所述的进入舱口128的重量减轻的优点之外,图7中所示的进入舱口128的构造也提供许多与图4中的壁的构造相同的优点。例如,除了其他益处之外,可以改善人类听觉频率中的噪声衰减和热衰减。
本书面说明书使用示例来公开本发明,包括最佳模式,并且还使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明,包括制造和使用任何装置或系统以及执行任何结合的方法。本发明的可专利范围由权利要求限定,并且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其他示例。如果这些其他示例包括与权利要求的字面语言没有不同的结构元件,或者如果它们包括与权利要求的字面语言无实质差别的等效结构元件,则这些其他示例意图在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于容纳燃气涡轮发动机(10)的至少一部分的外壳(100),其特征在于,所述外壳(100)包括:
至少一个壁(112),所述壁(112)限定所述外壳(100)的内部容积(120)的至少一部分,所述外壳(100)的所述壁(112)包括:
第一隔离板(136);
声音吸收构件(142),所述声音吸收构件(142)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述第一隔离板(136)的外侧;
隔音屏障(144),所述隔音屏障(144)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位成邻近所述声音吸收构件(142)并且被定位在所述声音吸收构件(142)的外侧;
外部壳体(110),所述外部壳体(110)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述隔音屏障(144)的外侧,其中所述外部壳体(110)由复合材料形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述声音吸收构件(142)是第一声音吸收构件(142),并且所述隔音屏障(144)是第一隔音屏障(144),并且其中,所述外壳(100)的所述壁(112)进一步包括:
第二声音吸收构件(152),所述第二声音吸收构件(152)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述第一隔音屏障(144)的外侧;
第二隔音屏障(154),所述第二隔音屏障(154)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位成邻近所述第二声音吸收构件(152)并且被定位在所述第二声音吸收构件(152)的外侧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述外壳(100)的所述壁(112)进一步包括:
第三声音吸收构件(162),所述第三声音吸收构件(162)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述第二隔音屏障(154)的外侧;和
第三隔音屏障(164),所述第三隔音屏障(164)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位成邻近所述第三声音吸收构件(162)并且被定位在所述第三声音吸收构件(162)的外侧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述第三隔音屏障(164)被定位成邻近所述外部壳体(110)并且被定位在所述外部壳体(110)的内侧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,进一步包括:
第二隔离板(138),所述第二隔离板(138)被定位在所述第一隔离板(136)和所述声音吸收构件(142)之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述第二隔离板(138)被定位成邻近所述第一隔离板(136)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述隔音屏障(144)是乙烯基垫。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,进一步包括:
穿孔片(134),所述穿孔片(134)被定位成邻近所述第一隔离板(136)并且被定位在所述第一隔离板(136)的内侧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述穿孔片(134)由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料形成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述声音吸收构件(142)由矿棉形成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述外部壳体(110)的所述复合材料是碳纤维增强酚醛复合材料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述壁的厚度小于或等于约四(4)英寸。
13.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,进一步包括:
帽形加强件(170),包括:
帽形构件(172),所述帽形构件(172)限定加强件容积(174),所述帽形构件(172)包括第一凸缘(173)、帽形部分(183)和第二凸缘(177),所述第一凸缘(173)被附接到所述外部壳体(110),所述帽形部分(183)从所述外部壳体(110)向内延伸,所述第二凸缘(177)被附接至所述外部壳体(110);和
泡沫构件(176),所述泡沫构件(176)被布置在所述加强件容积(174)内。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,其中,所述帽形构件(172)进一步包括:
内部构件(178);
外部构件(180),所述外部构件(180)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述内部构件(178)的外侧,所述帽形构件(172)的所述内部构件(178)和所述外部构件(180)被定位在所述帽形构件(172)的内部分处,其中,所述内部构件(178)和所述外部构件(180)限定内部容积(182);和
加强构件(184),所述加强构件(184)被布置在所述内部容积(182)内。
15.根据权利要求1所述的外壳(100),其特征在于,进一步包括:
接入点(126),所述接入点(126)用于选择性地进入所述外壳(100)的所述内部容积(120),所述接入点(126)包括:
穿孔片(134);
隔离板(136),所述隔离板(136)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述穿孔片(134)的外侧;
环氧树脂层(190),所述环氧树脂层(190)相对于所述内部容积(120)沿着所述接入点(126)的至少一部分被定位在所述隔离板(136)的外侧;
至少一个隔音板(140),所述隔音板(140)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述环氧树脂层(190)的外侧;和
外部壳体(110),所述外部壳体(110)相对于所述内部容积(120)被定位在所述隔音板(140)的外侧。
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