CN110304918A - 氧化钇含量不同的多层结构的氧化锆 - Google Patents

氧化钇含量不同的多层结构的氧化锆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110304918A
CN110304918A CN201910208687.0A CN201910208687A CN110304918A CN 110304918 A CN110304918 A CN 110304918A CN 201910208687 A CN201910208687 A CN 201910208687A CN 110304918 A CN110304918 A CN 110304918A
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layer
green body
ceramics
zirconia green
highly transmissive
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CN201910208687.0A
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飨场理惠子
高桥周平
北村敏夫
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Shofu Inc
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Shofu Inc
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Priority to CN202311130188.7A priority Critical patent/CN117185808A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高透射性且能够再现接近于天然牙的色调并且具有口腔内耐受强度的牙科用氧化锆坯体。进一步地，提供一种具有高强度并且4单位以上的补缀装置也能够制作的牙科用氧化锆坯体。本发明的解决手段是一种牙科用氧化锆坯体，其具有复数的层，其包括：第一层，由高透射性陶瓷构成，该高透射性陶瓷含有91.6‑96.5mol％的氧化锆和3.5～8.4mol％的氧化钇；以及第二层，由低透射性陶瓷构成，该低透射性陶瓷含有95.6‑98.5mol％的氧化锆和1.5～4.4mol％的氧化钇。低透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率比高透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率少0.5‑5.4mol％，并且第一层位于复数的层的层叠方向的一端。

Description

氧化钇含量不同的多层结构的氧化锆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于牙科领域CAD/CAM用的切割加工的牙科用氧化锆坯体。
背景技术
以往，在牙冠缺损部的牙科治疗中，通常通过铸造牙冠/牙桥或义齿来进行补缀修复。具体而言，可举例，通过在使用用于烤瓷的铸造用合金而制作而成的金属框架表面上进行烤瓷，兼备再现牙冠形态的功能性和美观性的烤瓷牙冠/牙桥的临床应用。
另外，从发生金属过敏或受到贵金属市场的影响价格上涨的观点出发，又或者从能够模仿天然牙齿的色调的美观性的观点出发，通过使用氧化铝、铝硅酸盐玻璃、二硅酸锂玻璃等的浸泡法或者使用陶瓷锭的加压法等的技法而制作的补缀装置，即全瓷受到关注，使用全瓷的补缀修复也在增多。
近年来，通过使用牙科用CAD/CAM系统进行切割加工来制作补缀装置的技术正在迅速普及。因此通过对用氧化锆、氧化铝、铝硅酸盐玻璃、二硅酸锂玻璃而制造而成的块或盘等的坯体材料进行切割加工，能够简单制作补缀装置。另外，氧化锆在临床上常被作为高强度陶瓷使用，为了提高氧化锆坯体的切割性，通常不进行到完全烧结，而是在低烧成温度下进行预烧以获得调整为有利于切割加工的强度或硬度的氧化锆坯体(预烧结体)。
为了使氧化锆坯体具有用于4单位以上的牙桥框架的弯曲强度，含有3mol％的氧化钇的氧化锆坯体已经投入实际使用。在含有该3mol％的氧化钇的氧化锆坯体中，再添加微量的氧化铝，以提高烧结性和抑制低温劣化。
然而，含有3～4mol％的氧化钇的氧化锆坯体难以再现等同于牙釉部的透明度。因此，有必要在牙釉质中筑起称之为陶材的玻璃。然而，该工序非常复杂，并且需要技师的专业技术。
近年来，为了提高可适用于臼齿全牙冠的透光性，临床应用也采用将氧化铝含量抑制在极微量的氧化锆粉末来制造的氧化锆坯体。另外，为使也能应用在更追求美观性的前牙全牙冠，增加作为稳定剂添加的氧化钇的含量至5～6mol％，从而能够获得更高透光性设计的氧化锆坯体。
在日本特开2015-143178号公报中记载了，含有大于4.0mol％且6.5mol％以下的氧化钇的氧化锆烧结体的总透光率为37％以上且小于40％，特别是具有作为适用于前牙的透光性和强度。透光性高且弯曲强度为500MPa以上。
但是，单冠的弯曲强度为500MPa可以说是足够的，但在牙桥等的复数个单位的补缀装置的情况下，500MPa不是足够的强度。尤其对于由于咬合等将大的咬合力施加于连接部，因此追求具有更高的弯曲强度。
发明内容
通过使用现有的氧化锆粉末，虽然提高了透光性和美观性，但强度变低。若强度降低，则适应症也受到限制，并且存在口腔内补缀装置破裂的风险。
本发明的目的是，提供一种高透射性且可再现接近天然牙的色调的且具有口腔内耐受强度的牙科用氧化锆坯体。更进一步地，提供一种能够制作具有高强度的且4单位以上的补缀装置的牙科用氧化锆坯体。
本发明提供一种牙科用氧化锆坯体，所述牙科用氧化锆坯体具有复数的层，其特征在于，包括：第一层，由高透射性陶瓷构成，该高透射性陶瓷含有91.6-96.5mol％的氧化锆和3.5～8.4mol％的氧化钇；以及第二层，由低透射性陶瓷构成，该低透射性陶瓷含有95.6-98.5mol％的氧化锆和1.5～4.4mol％的氧化钇，并且，低透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率比高透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率少0.5-5.4mol％，并且第一层位于复数的层的层叠方向的一端。
在本发明中，优选第一层由组成互不相同的复数个高透射性层状区域构成。
在本发明中，优选第一层具有高透射性陶瓷中的氧化锆的含有率和/或氧化钇的含有率互不相同的复数个高透射性层状区域。
在本发明中，优选至少一个的高透射性层状区域含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
在本发明中，优选第二层由组成互不相同的复数个低透射性层状区域构成。
在本发明中，优选第二层具有低透射性陶瓷中的氧化锆的含有率和/或氧化钇的含有率互不相同的复数个低透射性层状区域。
在本发明中，优选至少一个的低透射性层状区域含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
在本发明中，优选高透射性陶瓷是组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末的预烧体。
在本发明中，优选低透射性陶瓷是组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末的预烧体。
在本发明中，优选第一层位于从第一层所在的牙科用氧化锆坯体的层叠方向的一端侧的表面的重心开始的垂线上的到与一端侧的表面相对的另一端侧的表面为止的尺寸的5～40％的范围。
在本发明中，优选构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末的BET比表面积的差在2m2/g范围内，并且平均一次粒径的差在20nm的范围内。
在本发明中，优选至少一个的高透射性层状区域的透明度高于第二层的透明度，当用LE、aE、bE表示第一层的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，LE为65.0以上且82.0以下，aE为-4.0以上且2.0以下，bE为0.0以上且20.0以下。
在本发明中，优选第一层的透明度高于第二层的透明度，当用LE、aE、bE表示第一层的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，LE为65.0以上且82.0以下，aE为-4.0以上且2.0以下，bE为0.0以上且20.0以下。
在本发明中，优选第一层含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
在本发明中，优选第二层含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
在本发明中，优选高透射性陶瓷由氧化锆和氧化钇构成。
在本发明中，优选低透射性陶瓷由氧化锆和氧化钇构成。
在本发明中，优选第一层由高透射性陶瓷构成。
在本发明中，优选第二层由低透射性陶瓷构成。
在本发明中，优选牙科用氧化锆坯体由第一层和第二层构成。
本说明书中的从重心开始的垂线，例如是如图1所示的垂线。
根据本发明，能够获得可采用CAD/CAM技术进行切割加工且烧结后具有高透射性和高强度的氧化锆补缀装置。不限定适应症而可以用于各种症例，并且，由于多色多层结构从而能够再现接近于天然牙的色调。
附图说明
图1是牙科用氧化锆坯体的示意图，其中，设计了表示设想的垂线的辅助线。
其中，附图标记的说明如下：
1：第一层(牙釉层)；2：第二层(本体层)。
具体实施方式
本发明的牙科用氧化锆坯体具有复数的层，其中至少具有位于复数的层的层叠方向的一端的第一层和第二层。第一层和第二层并不表示顺序。优选第一层是牙釉层，第二层是本体层。
第一层由高透射性陶瓷构成，该高透射性陶瓷含有91.6-96.5mol％的氧化锆和3.5～8.4mol％的氧化钇。
当高透射性陶瓷中的氧化钇的含量小于3.5mol％时，难以再现牙釉层。另一方面，当高透射性陶瓷中的氧化钇的含量大于8.5mol％时，难以获得足够的弯曲强度。对于高透射性陶瓷中的氧化钇的含量而言，优选为4.0～8.0mol％，最优选为4.5～6.5mol％。通过这样的含量，能够提高透射性并实现足够的弯曲强度。
第二层由低透射性陶瓷构成，该低透射性陶瓷含有95.6-98.5mol％的氧化锆和1.5～4.4mol％的氧化钇。
当低透射性陶瓷中的氧化钇的含量低于1.5mol％时，烧结体被破坏。另一方面，当低透射性陶瓷中的氧化钇的含量大于4.4mol％时，即使实施着色也能反射背景色。对于低透射性陶瓷中的氧化钇的含量而言，优选为2.0～4.0mol％，最优选为2.5～3.5mol％。通过这样的含量，难以被背景色影响并能够实现足够的弯曲强度。
低透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率比高透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率少0.5-5.4mol％。当氧化钇的含量差小于0.4mol％时，有可能无法实现由复数的层带来的美观性提高的效果。另一方面，当大于5.4mol％时，有损美观性。对于第一层和第二层的氧化钇的含量差而言，优选为0.5～4.0mol％，最优选为0.5～3.0mol％。通过这样的含量，能够实现更自然的透射性的渐变，从而提高美观性。
第一层可以由组成互不相同的复数个高透射性层状区域构成。例如，第一层可以具有高透射性陶瓷中的氧化锆的含有率和/或氧化钇的含有率互不相同的复数个高透射性层状区域。通过采用这样的构造，形成色调和/或透射性的渐变，获得能够制作更接近于天然牙的补缀装置的效果。
在这种情况下，第一层所含的至少一个的高透射性层状区域优选含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。通过至少一个的高透射性层状区域含有氧化铒，能够抑制由于固溶、烧成导致的跳色，获得红色着色的效果。当氧化铒的含量小于0.0001mol％时，难以获得这样的效果。另一方面，当大于0.30mol％时，存在由于红色过强而不适用牙冠色的问题。
第二层由组成互不相同的复数个低透射性层状区域构成。例如，第二层可以具有低透射性陶瓷中的氧化锆的含有率和/或氧化钇的含有率互不相同的复数个低透射性层状区域。通过采用这样的构造，形成色调和/或透射性的渐变，获得能够制作更接近天然牙的补缀装置的效果。
在这种情况下，第二层所含的至少一个的低透射性层状区域优选含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。通过至少一个的低透射性层状区域含有氧化铒，能够抑制由于固溶、烧成导致的跳色，获得红色着色的效果。当氧化铒的含量小于0.0001mol％时，难以获得这样的效果。另一方面，当大于0.30mol％时，存在由于红色过强而产生不适用牙冠色的问题。
高透射性陶瓷可以是组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末的预烧体。通过采用这样的构造，通过CAD/CAM技术进行切割加工而形成牙形并烧结，获得能够简单制作色调和/或透射性不同的补缀装置的效果。在这种情况下，组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末可以构成复数个高透射性层状区域，也可以构成单个高透射性层状区域。复数个高透射性层状区域的情况色调再现性优异，但单个高透射性层状区域的情况能够实现生产率优异的同时再现色调。
低透射性陶瓷可以是组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末的预烧体。通过采用这样的构造，通过CAD/CAM技术进行切割加工而形成牙形并烧结，获得能够简单制作色调和/或透射性不同的补缀装置的效果。在这种情况下，组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末可以构成复数个低透射性层状区域，也可以构成单个低透射性层状区域。复数个低透射性层状区域的情况色调再现性优异，但单个低透射性层状区域的情况能够实现生产率优异的同时再现色调。
本发明的牙科用氧化锆坯体能够通过将第一层和第二的层放入模具而成型并烧结而获得。
牙科用氧化锆坯体用于通过CAD/CAM技术进行的切割加工中。牙科用氧化锆坯体以烧结体或者半烧结体的形式被提供。更优选以半烧结体的形式被提供。以半烧结体的形式被提供的牙科用氧化锆坯体在通过CAD/CAM技术进行切割加工后被再烧成，作为烧结体用于口腔内。
牙科用氧化锆坯体的形状可以是圆柱体的盘状，也可以是立方体或长方体的块状。
当制作牙科用氧化锆坯体时，能够将着色剂与构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末混合使用。在制作构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末或构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末时，优选将着色剂固溶或含有着色剂。作为着色剂，可举例铁化合物、钴化合物、铬化合物、镨化合物、钒化合物等。
构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末或构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末中可以含有作为烧结助剂的氧化铝，以提高烧结性。优选含有0.005～0.5mol％的氧化铝。当大于0.5mol％时，透光性下降，尤其是当制作前牙时，美观性变差。
如图1所示，第一层位于从第一层(图1的牙釉层)所在的牙科用氧化锆坯体的层叠方向的一端侧的表面的重心开始的垂线上的到与一端侧的表面相对的另一端侧的表面为止的尺寸的5～40％的范围。
对于第一层而言，优选在第一层中含有50-100％的氧化钇和氧化铒的含量或着色剂的含量相同的高透射性层状区域，更优选在第一层中从图1的重心开始沿垂线含有50-100％的范围。
对于第二层而言，优选在第二层中含有50-100％的氧化钇和氧化铒的含量或着色剂的含量相同的低透射性层状区域，更优选在第二层中从图1的重心开始沿垂线含有50-100％的范围。
优选构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末各自的平均一次粒径为10-1000nm，BET比表面积为5-20m2/g。当平均一次粒径小于10nm时，多数情况下，对成型造成障碍。当平均一次粒径大于1000nm时，多数情况下，对成型造成障碍。当BET比表面积小于5m2/g时，在低温下存在难以烧结的倾向。当BET比表面积大于20m2/g时，凝聚力显著。
构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末的BET比表面积的差优选在2m2/g范围内。更优选BET比表面积的差在1m2/g的范围内。另外，优选构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末的平均一次粒径的差在20nm的范围内。更优选平均一次粒径的差在10nm的范围内。
优选构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末的BET比表面积的差在2m2/g范围内且平均一次粒径的差在20nm范围内。更优选BET比表面积的差在1m2/g范围内且平均一次粒径的差在10nm范围内。
将这些BET比表面积和平均一次粒径的差较大的陶瓷粉末通过层叠成型并烧结时，发生氧化锆坯体成型体的变形。尤其是，当从半烧结体的氧化锆坯体切出时，坯体本身发生变形翘曲，最终烧结时补缀装置发生破裂，不匹配等的状况。
BET比表面积或平均一次粒径可以通过制作构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末时进行调整。
本发明的牙科用氧化锆坯体的第二层的弯曲强度优选为1000MPa以上。更优选为1200MPa以上。若第二层的弯曲强度为1000MPa以上时，则能够适用于4单位以上的牙桥框架。另一方面，第一层的弯曲强度优选为300MPa以上。更优选为700MPa以上。若第一层的弯曲强度为300MPa以上时，则能够适应大臼齿的咬合力。需要说明的是，在本说明书中，弯曲强度是指依据ISO6872进行的3点弯曲强度。
另外，本发明的牙科用氧化锆坯体优选由复数个高透射性层状区域和/或复数个低透射性层状区域构成。优选由合计3-10层的高透射性层状区域和低透射性层状区域构成，更优选由4-6层构成。通过构建复数个高透射性层状区域和/或低透射性层状区域，容易获得美观性。然而，若11层以上，则存在生产率下降的倾向。若4-6层，则可得到美观性、生产率等均衡的牙科用氧化锆坯体。
表层的高透射性层状区域优选采用牙科用氧化锆坯体中所含的高透射性层状区域之中的用对比度表示的透明度最高的。
当用LE、aE、bE表示第一层的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，优选LE为65.0以上且82.0以下，aE为-4.0以上且2.0以下，bE为0.0以上且20.0以下。更优选LE为69.0以上且80.0以下，aE为-3.0以上且1.0以下，bE为2.0以上且15.0以下。另外，当用LE、aE、bE表示至少一个的高透射性层状区域的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，优选LE为65.0以上且82.0以下，aE为-4.0以上且2.0以下，bE为0.0以上且20.0以下。更优选LE为69.0以上且80.0以下，aE为-3.0以上且1.0以下，bE为2.0以上且15.0以下。更进一步地，优选第一层的透明度和/或至少一个的高透射性层状区域的透明度高于第二层的透明度。因此，能够使由氧化锆坯体制成的补缀装置再现接近于天然牙的色调的着色变得容易。
当用LB、aB、bB表示第二层的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，优选LB为67.0以上且78.0以下，aB为-2.5以上且1.0以下，bB为5.0以上且15.0以下。
在第一层不含着色剂的情况下，牙科用氧化锆坯体的第一层的对比度优选设为0.71以下，从而能够提高美观性。另一方面，在第一层含有着色剂的情况下，第一层的对比度优选设为0.75-0.85。当含有着色剂的第一层的对比度小于0.75时，有时透射性变得过高从而变暗并且美观上变差。当含有着色剂的第一层的对比度大于0.85时，透射性变得太低有可能无法呈现像天然牙一样的透射性。
在第二层不含着色剂的情况下，牙科用氧化锆坯体的第二层的对比度优选设为0.70以上，从而能够提高美观性。另一方面，在第二层含有着色剂的情况下，第二层的对比度优选设为0.80-0.90。当含有着色剂的第二层的对比度小于0.80时，透射性变高有可能容易受到基台牙的颜色影响。当第二层对比度大于0.90时，透射性变得过低有可能导致难以在口腔内与相邻牙齿协调。
实施例
下面，参照实施例更详细且具体地说明本发明，但是，本发明不限于这些实施例。
(各层的陶瓷粉末的制备)
使用了各自的平均一次粒径为40-90nm且BET比表面积为7-13m2/g的市售的氧化锆粉末、含有氧化钇的氧化锆粉末、含有氧化铒的氧化锆粉末以及含有着色剂的氧化锆粉末。
使用氧化锆粉末、含有氧化钇的氧化锆粉末、含有氧化铒的氧化锆粉末以及含有着色剂的氧化锆粉末，按照表所示的组成进行制备，获得用于第一层和第二层的陶瓷粉末。陶瓷粉末配合微量的铁化合物、钴化合物的着色剂，以达到目的色。
(牙科用氧化锆坯体的成型方法)
将所需量的各陶瓷粉末按照表所记载的顺序从第一层侧填充至直径为100mm的模具中必要的量后，在10kN的压力下进行了1分钟的加压成型。试验体的形状如图1所示。图1的上部是第一层，下部是第二层。
进行加压成型后，在200MPa的压力下进行了1分钟的CIP成型。对于加压成型体的脱脂而言，以50℃/h的升温速度升温至500℃，停留2小时后，以100℃/h的降温速度冷却至室温。脱脂后，以100℃/h的升温速度升温至1000～1200℃，停留2小时后，进行炉内放冷而获得作为预烧结体的氧化锆坯体。
(预烧成时的翘曲的判定)
对采用上述方法而成型的牙科用氧化锆坯体(半烧结体)进行确认其是否出现翘曲。当将变凸的面设置为在下时，从设置面至所述底面的距离通过数字显微镜VHX-5000(基恩士公司(KEYENCE))进行了测定。测定了10处，最大距离为1mm以内的情况判定为○，大于1mm的情况判定为×。
(主烧成时的翘曲的判定)
在用于形成6颗前牙的基台牙的石膏模型上进行6颗牙桥的蜡型(Wax-up)，使用D2000(3shape公司)的扫描仪获取6颗牙桥的数据，并使用DWX-50(罗兰公司(ローランド社)制)的加工机，由通过上述方法而成型的牙科用氧化锆坯体加工已获取数据的6根牙桥，以5℃/min的升温速度升温至1450℃，停留2小时后，进行炉内放冷至室温作为烧结体，确认了适合性。将烧结后的6颗牙桥返回石膏石模型时，没有松动视为适合的情况判定为○，有松动视为不适合的情况判定为×。
(3点弯曲试验)
由通过上述方法而成型的牙科用氧化锆坯体的第一层和第二层的层叠方向的45～55％的部分加工试验体，以5℃/min的升温速度升温至1450℃，停留2小时后，炉内放冷至室温以成为烧结体，然后再通过平面研磨，从而制成宽4mm、厚1.2mm、长16mm的弯曲试验体。弯曲试验依据ISO 6872：7.3挠曲强度(Flexural strength)来进行，支点间距离为12mm。第一层的弯曲强度为300MPa以上，因此能够用于临床。第二层的弯曲强度为1000MPa以上，因此能够用于临床。
(色调和对比度测定)
由通过上述方法而成型的牙科用氧化锆坯体的各层加工试验体，以5℃/min的升温速度升温至1450℃，停留2小时后，炉内放冷至室温成为烧结体，然后再通过平面研磨，从而制成直径14mm，厚1.2mm的圆板。色调的测定使用分光测色仪(CM-5，柯尼卡美能达公司制(コニカミノルタ))，测定了白背光测色的色度(L*、a*、b*)。另外，在白背光和黑背光上进行测色，使用测定的各自的Y值(在白背光上测色的Y值为YW，在黑背光上测色的Y值为YB)，由以下公式求出对比度。
(对比度)＝1-(1-YB/YW)
第一层的对比度在不含着色剂的情况下为0.71以下，在含有着色剂的情况下为0.75-0.85，能够用于临床。第二层的对比度在不含着色剂的情况下为0.70以上，含有着色剂的情况下为0.80-0.90，能够用于临床。
表1
表2
表3
表4
表5
表6
在实施例1～20中，预烧成时的翘曲在1mm以内，主烧结时无松动且适合性良好。另外，由氧化锆坯体的中间层(由第一层的表面开始45～55％的位置)制作的试验体的3点弯曲强度为1000MPa以上。另外，第一层的对比度为0.71以下，第二层对比度为0.70以上，并且，由于第一层对比度＜第二层的对比度，因此具有足够的美观性。
在比较例1中，第一层的弯曲强度不够。
在比较例2中，预烧成时的翘曲大于1mm，主烧结时有松动且适合性不良。
在比较例3中，第一层的对比度较高，无法得到足够的美观性。
在比较例4中，第一层和第二层的对比度不存在差，无法得到足够的美观性。
在比较例5中，第二层的对比度较低，无法得到足够的美观性。
在比较例6中，烧结体崩坏，无法继续进行试验。
在本说明书中，发明的构成要素被描述为单个或复数个的任一种的情况，或者，被描述为未限定为单个或复数个的任一种的情况，除了从上下文可判断的情况以外，都理解为该构成要素即可以单个也可以复数个。
参照附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行了说明，本领域技术人员应该清楚基于本说明书所记载的内容是可以进行各种变更或修改的。因此，本发明的实施方式的范围意在包括任何变更或修改。
本发明能够获得可采用CAD/CAM技术进行切割加工且烧结后具有高透射性和高强度的氧化锆补缀装置。能够不限定适应症地用于各种症例，并且，由于是多色多层的结构，能够制作出再现接近天然牙的色调的氧化锆补缀装置。

Claims (15)

1.一种牙科用氧化锆坯体，其具有复数的层，其特征在于，
其包括：
第一层，由高透射性陶瓷构成，该高透射性陶瓷含有91.6-96.5mol％的氧化锆和3.5～8.4mol％的氧化钇；以及
第二层，由低透射性陶瓷构成，该低透射性陶瓷含有95.6-98.5mol％的氧化锆和1.5～4.4mol％的氧化钇，
并且，低透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率比高透射性陶瓷的氧化钇的含有率少0.5-5.4mol％，
并且，第一层位于复数的层的层叠方向的一端。
2.如权利要求1所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第一层由组成互不相同的复数个高透射性层状区域构成。
3.如权利要求2所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第一层具有高透射性陶瓷中的氧化锆的含有率和/或氧化钇的含有率互不相同的复数个高透射性层状区域。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
至少一个的高透射性层状区域含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
5.如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第二层由组成互不相同的复数个低透射性层状区域构成。
6.如权利要求5所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第二层具有低透射性陶瓷中的氧化锆的含有率和/或氧化钇的含有率互不相同的复数个低透射性层状区域。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
至少一个的低透射性层状区域含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
8.如权利要求1～7中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
高透射性陶瓷是组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末的预烧体。
9.如权利要求1～8中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
低透射性陶瓷是组成不同的复数个陶瓷粉末的预烧体。
10.如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第一层位于从第一层所在的牙科用氧化锆坯体的层叠方向的一端侧的表面的重心开始的垂线上的到与一端侧的表面相对的另一端侧的表面为止的尺寸的5～40％的范围。
11.如权利要求1～10中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
构成高透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末和构成低透射性陶瓷的陶瓷粉末的BET比表面积的差在2m2/g范围内，并且平均一次粒径的差在20nm的范围内。
12.如权利要求2～4中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
至少一个的高透射性层状区域的透明度高于第二层的透明度，
当用LE、aE、bE表示所述至少一个的高透射性层状区域的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，
LE为65.0以上且82.0以下，
aE为-4.0以上且2.0以下，
bE为0.0以上且20.0以下。
13.如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第一层的透明度高于第二层的透明度，
当用LE、aE、bE表示第一层的L*a*b*表色系的色度时，
LE为65.0以上且82.0以下，
aE为-4.0以上且2.0以下，
bE为0.0以上且20.0以下。
14.如权利要求1～13中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第一层含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
15.如权利要求1～14中任一项所述的牙科用氧化锆坯体，其特征在于，
第二层含有0.0001～0.30mol％的氧化铒。
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