CN110300648B - 用于加工棒状的工件的设备 - Google Patents
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- B23Q39/026—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with different working directions of toolheads on same workholder simultaneous working of toolheads
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于加工棒形的工件(2)的设备(1),所述棒形的工件例如是窗型材或门型材,所述工件能借助输送装置在水平平面中沿Z方向运动,并且在基本上垂直于工件(2)的运动方向布置的平面中设有一个带有刀具(4)的加工装置(3),所述加工装置在所述垂直的平面中在空间上相对于工件(2)定向。按照本发明,所述加工装置(3.1)由一个布置在与工件(2)垂直的平面中的敞开的圆弧组成,所述敞开的圆弧作为敞开的平环(5)围绕工件(2)在Z轴上可转动地被支承。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于加工棒状的工件的设备,所述棒状的工件例如是窗型材或门型材,工件能借助输送装置在水平平面中沿Z方向运动并且在基本上垂直于工件的运动方向布置的平面中在Y方向上设有一个带有刀具的加工装置,所述加工装置在所述垂直平面中在空间上朝工件定向。
背景技术
在加工用于制造门或窗的型材时执行大量不同的工序。这些型材可以由塑料、金属或木材组成。不同材料的组合也是可能的。当例如加工用于窗的塑料空心型材时,必须倾斜地在折边中和/或向下和/或向前铣削出排水槽。此外在遮挡框型材上和/或在横楣型材上要设置封闭件定位孔。
此外在需要时必须铣削出锁壳。用于百叶窗导向条和风雨板条的中间螺栓同样必须被安装。此外在门扇支承翻转装置中要设置拐角铰链孔。用于排水和通风槽的直径在此较大,而封闭件孔以及拐角铰链孔大多具有较小的直径。为了能够执行不同的钻孔和铣削,需要不同的加工刀具,例如不同大小的钻头或铣刀。
在自动化的加工中不存在这样的可能性,例如在一个唯一的钻头时更换钻削嵌件,因为更换钻削嵌件的耗费太大了。更简单的是,预先设置分别具有不同的嵌件或不同的钻削和铣削刀具的钻头。为了应对该加工耗费并且在此尽可能地提供自动化的加工,由DE197 25 043 A1已知一种用于加工结构元件的设备。已知的设备在此配置有一个在基本上垂直于结构元件的运动方向布置的平面中延伸的加工装置,该加工装置的加工工具在空间上关于工件定向。加工刀具在此位于支撑元件上,从而设置在支撑元件上的加工刀具相应地通过轭形的支撑元件的移动在加工中到达在输送方向上设置的工件。
整环作为加工元件也是已知的,在整环上于是在圆形的环周上相应地布置有刀具。通过有待加工的工件移动通过环,相应地使刀具在环上转动,使得相应的刀具在型材上在此进行加工。
在已知的实施方式中认为不利的是,设置在支撑元件上的涉及灵活加工的加工刀具在工件上的加工速度方面仍有显著改善的价值。此外认为不利的是,尤其是通过单个加工站——摆锯或钻削/铣削等——必须保持相应的设备长度,以便以该方式在设备上设置相应的加工单元。这尤其是具有如下缺点,即为了前后相继地切换相应的加工刀具,加工线于是被长构造地铺设。
发明内容
因此本发明面对的问题是,这样地改进用于加工棒形的工件的设备,该设备在工件的加工方面一方面在提供完美表面处理的情况下确保了较高的过程安全性,其中,尤其是也应当显著地缩短工件的加工时间。此外加工刀具向输送装置上的工件的加工接近保持得显著更灵活,其中,也应当考虑到,用于加工棒形的工件的设备应当构造得显著更短。
按照本发明用有利的特征解决了该问题。
通过本发明达到的优点在于,通过按照本发明的用于加工的设备使加工刀具在垂直于被输送的工件的平面中的进入保持得显著更灵活,因为加工刀具布置在敞开的圆弧上,该敞开的圆弧被构造为敞开的环。由于该构造现在可实现的是,通过所谓的敞开的圆弧提供了近似环形的加工站,该加工站由于敞开的圆弧的可移动性能够这样地移动,使得存在于圆弧上的刀具到达围绕棒形型材的所有区域。如果敞开的圆弧进入到一个位置中,则存在如下可能性,即对于型材加工重要的其它刀具在此能够进入到圆弧的敞开的区域中,因此例如摆锯机、斜割锯或者一个多轴锯能够进入,这些锯将型材切短。也存在如下可能,即在锯割之后在此尤其是能够加工型材的端侧区域。由此实现,除了围绕型材的所谓环周加工外,相应地也能够在本地站上执行端侧的切断以及加工。现在得到如下优点,即该设备或者在此用于棒形型材的加工线能够保持得明显更短,从而这样的设备构造得明显更紧凑。通过紧凑的结构方式也实现了,由此在这类设备中能够节省费用。
通过按照本发明的解决方案变得可能的是,除了从侧面驶入敞开的平环、即在X方向上驶向工件外,也得到在工件上的环形加工的优点,其中,由此也为加工刀具提供了在一个平面中所有侧的接近。因为由于敞开的区段而提供用于其它的加工刀具的自由空间,这些加工刀具在平环的平面中具有到工件的接近途径。
高的灵活性和加工时间的减少基本上通过以下方式实现,即加工装置由一个布置在与工件垂直的平面中的敞开的圆弧组成,该圆弧作为敞开的环围绕工件转动地被支承,其中,环的敞开区段这样地被确定尺寸,使得在垂直平面中与加工装置相对置的刀具能进入到环的敞开区段的区域中以便于工件的加工。由此现在能够在垂直于工件的平面中在一个平面中执行几乎所有的加工过程。
按照本发明的一种特别优选的构造,敞开的环作为平环布置在龙门柱上,该龙门柱能相对于机架在X方向上移动。在此,敞开的环能在龙门柱上竖直地在Y方向上移动。在扩展构型中,在龙门柱上布置有一个用于敞开的平环的保持装置,敞开的环以其背面可旋转地支承在该保持装置上。由此,敞开的环这样地保持在龙门柱上,使得敞开的环一方面在高度上在Y方向上以及在X平面中可移动,以便以该方式提供敞开的环相对于有待加工的工件的灵活性。现在存在如下可能,即通过敞开的环该环能够几乎围绕有待加工的工件转动,从而存在于环上的刀具相应地获得刀具的通向工件的可接近性。
按照一种特别有利的构型,在保持装置上,敞开的平环设置在用于旋转支承的导向装置上,保持装置一方面借助导向装置可移动地保持在龙门柱上并且另一方面具有一个突出超过龙门柱的伸出的臂区域。敞开的平环在此在保持装置上导向,使得平环能够相对于龙门柱转动。在扩张构型中,在此敞开的环为了旋转支承而与一个布置在保持装置上的驱动装置共同作用,该驱动装置固定在可移动的保持装置上。敞开的环在此按照驱动装置的一种可能的实施方式在其环周上具有张紧的带,该带与驱动装置的布置在马达轴上的驱动轮共同作用。但是也可想到其它的驱动装置,例如齿轮传动装置,蜗杆传动装置,直线马达或围绕环转动的类似装置。为了尤其是确保敞开的环在保持装置上和在此在导向装置中的安全的且灵活的旋转支承,分别在驱动轮前面和后面在保持装置上布置转向滚轮,这些转向滚轮使带在环的环周上导向并且将带压到环的周面上。
按照本发明的一种特别有利的扩展构型,在敞开的环上在正面上布置有至少一个可移动的滑座,在该滑座上布置有马达以及加工刀具。在此在敞开的环的环周上设置有用于与马达形锁合的机构。由此确保和提供,在敞开的平环的前侧区域中,加工刀具能够在环的环周或者圆弧区域上移动。在扩展构型中同样规定,在敞开的环上在环的其中一个自由端部上布置有至少一个牢固地安装在环上的刀具,该刀具相对于工件径向地定向。由于敞开的环的旋转支承,刀具能够行进到工件上的每个点,因为尤其是在此给出360°覆盖。
附图说明
本发明的一个实施例在附图中纯示意性地被示出并且在下面被详细地描述。其中:
图1示出用于加工棒形工件的按照本发明的设备的立体视图;
图2示出按照图1的设备的正视图;
图3示出按照图1的设备上的刀具在另一个位置中的另一个正视图,
图4在按照图1的另一个视图中示出设备的刀具在另一个位置中的另一个正视图,
图5示出在龙门柱上的敞开的环的立体视图,和
图6示出用于敞开的环的可能的驱动装置以及用于加工刀具的滑座驱动装置的立体细节视图。
具体实施方式
图1,2和3以及图4分别以单个视图示出按照本发明的用于加工例如窗型材或门型材的棒形工件2的设备1,所述工件能借助未详细示出的输送装置在水平平面中在Z方向上运动。在基本上垂直于工件2的运动方向布置的平面——在此Y平面——中设置有带有刀具4的加工装置3.1和3.2,所述加工装置在垂直平面中相对于工件2在空间上定向。如尤其是由图1、2、3和4可看到那样,加工装置3.1由一个布置在垂直于工件2的平面中的敞开的圆弧组成,该圆弧作为敞开的平环5围绕工件2在Z轴上可转动地被支承,其中,所述可转动的支承应当通过示意的箭头表明。
在此敞开的平环5这样地通过敞开的区段6确定尺寸,使得在加工装置3.2的在竖直平面中与加工装置3.1相对置的刀具7能进入平环5的敞开区段6的区域中以便加工工件2,如其尤其是在图2中、但是也在图4中详细地表明那样。如尤其是由图1,但是也由图5可清楚看到那样,敞开的平环5布置在龙门柱8上,所述龙门柱能相对于机架9在X方向上移动。敞开的平环5能在龙门柱8上竖直地沿Y方向移动,从而能够使敞开的平环向上移动和移动到有待加工的工件2上。由图1-4的总览、但是也在图4和6的细节视图中可看出,在龙门柱8上布置有一个用于敞开的平环5的保持装置10。敞开的平环5在此通过其环周11可转动地支承在保持装置10上。保持装置10本身借助导向装置在一个区域12上可移动地支承在龙门柱8上。在保持装置10的区域12上附接一个臂状的区域13,在该区域上设置有一个用于旋转支承敞开的平环5的导向装置,如其尤其是在图5中表明那样。由此尤其是保持装置10能在X轴和Y轴上在龙门柱8上移动,其中,尤其是敞开的平环5的背面这样地支承在保持装置10上,使得敞开的平环能够在保持装置10上相应地转动。
在此,敞开的平环5为了旋转支承而与一个布置在保持装置10上的驱动装置14共同作用,如其尤其是在图5和6中可详细看到那样。为此敞开的平环5在其环周11上具有一条张紧的带15,该带与布置在马达轴16上的驱动轮17共同作用,如其在图6中可清楚地看到那样。驱动轮17在此通过传动装置18与马达19联接。由图6可进一步看出,分别在驱动轮17的前面和后面在保持装置10上布置有转向滚轮20和21,这些转向滚轮使带15在平环5的环周11上导向。由此表明,在驱动轮17旋转时带15相应地在此一方面被环周11接收,其中,带在驱动轮17的碾过之后相应地又通过后面的转向滚轮20,21重新铺设在环周11上并且在此被压紧在或到环周11上。由于该驱动装置14,得到敞开的平环5在保持装置10上的导向装置中的可旋转性。描述的驱动装置在此仅记录了一种可能的实施方式。作为驱动装置也可使用齿轮驱动装置、直线马达或用于旋转支承平环5的类似装置。
如尤其是由图5和6可进一步看到那样,在敞开的平环5上布置有至少一个在前侧上带有马达24的可移动的滑座22。在滑座22上布置有加工刀具4,这些加工刀具朝向工件2径向地定向。在此,在敞开的平环5的环周11上设置有用于与马达24形锁合的机构23,例如带。不言自明,相应地也可以设置有按照描述的实施方式的滑座22的可移动性以便使敞开的平环5相应地在滑座22上转动,其中,在此相应地也可以设置有转向滚轮25和26以及驱动轮27和马达28,从而滑座22在此能够在环周11上在前部区域中在敞开的平环5上移动。由此得到尤其是可移动的刀具4,该刀具能够在敞开的平环5的弧度上移动。
按照一种特殊的构型,在敞开的平环5上在平环5的自由端部29,30之一上布置有至少一个牢固地安装在平环5上的刀具4,该刀具朝工件2径向地定向,这相应地在图5中,但是也在图3、4以及图1和2中可看出。刀具4的牢固布置允许,由于敞开的圆形在此牢固地布置的刀具4能够与滑座上的可移动的刀具4组合地到达有待加工的工件2上的任何位置。
在图1、2、3和4的总览中明显可看出,在敞开的平环5的平面中,一个加工刀具7相对置地布置在能沿X方向在机架9上移动的龙门柱31上。龙门柱31上的加工刀具7在此同样可在Y方向上移动,从而该加工刀具能够相对于有待加工的工件2这样地移动,使得该加工刀具不仅能够在上方而且能够在下方作用。如尤其是在该实施例中可看到那样,在此加工刀具7指的是锯,通过该锯能够执行棒状的工件2的切分,如其尤其是在图4中可明显看到那样。没有示出例如铣刀或钻头,铣刀或钻头能够从相对置的位置在此相应地加工被切分开的型材的端面。
附图标记列表
1 设备
2 工件
3 加工装置3.1,3.2
4 3.1上的刀具
5 平环
6 敞开区段
7 3.2上的刀具
8 平环的龙门柱
9 机架
10 保持装置
11 环周
12 导向区域的板
13 臂区域的板
14 驱动装置
15 带
16 马达轴
17 驱动轮
18 传动装置
19 马达
20 转向滚轮
21 转向滚轮
22 滑座
23 机构
24 马达滑座
25 转向滚轮
26 转向滚轮
27 驱动轮
28 马达
29 自由端部
30 自由端部
31 龙门柱
Claims (13)
1.用于加工棒形的工件(2)的设备(1),所述工件能借助输送装置在水平平面中沿Z方向运动,并且在基本上垂直于工件(2)的运动方向布置的平面中设有带有刀具(4)的第一加工装置(3.1),所述第一加工装置在该垂直的平面中在空间上朝工件(2)定向,其特征在于,
第一加工装置(3.1)由布置在与工件(2)垂直的平面中的敞开的圆弧组成,所述敞开的圆弧作为带有敞开区段(6)的敞开的平环(5)围绕工件(2)可转动地被支承,在所述敞开的平环(5)上布置有至少一个可移动的滑座(22),在所述滑座上布置有马达(24)以及刀具(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述敞开的平环(5)布置在第一龙门柱(8)上,所述第一龙门柱能在机架(9)上在x方向上移动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述敞开的平环(5)能在第一龙门柱(8)上在Y方向上竖直地移动。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述第一龙门柱(8)上布置有一个用于敞开的平环(5)的保持装置(10),所述敞开的平环(5)通过其环周或者在其环周(11)上可转动地支承在所述保持装置上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述保持装置(10)上设置有用于旋转支承敞开的平环(5)的导向装置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,所述敞开的平环(5)为了旋转支承与布置在所述保持装置(10)上的驱动装置(14)共同作用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述驱动装置(14)与敞开的平环(5)的环周(11)共同作用。
8.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的设备,其特征在于,在所述敞开的平环(5)上在所述平环的自由端部(29,30)之一上布置有至少一个牢固地安装在所述平环(5)上的刀具(4),所述刀具朝所述工件(2)径向地定向。
9.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述平环(5)的敞开区段(6)被确定尺寸,使得第二加工装置(3.2)的在竖直平面中与第一加工装置(3.1)相对置的加工刀具(7)能进入平环(5)的敞开区段(6)的区域中以便加工所述工件(2)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于,相对置地布置的加工刀具(7)布置在能在X方向上在机架(9)上移动的第二龙门柱(31)上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,所述加工刀具(7)能在第二龙门柱(31)上在Y方向上移动。
12.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于,所述加工刀具(7)包括锯、铣刀或钻头。
13.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述棒形的工件是窗型材或门型材。
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