CN110293325B - Thick plate laser cutting method - Google Patents
Thick plate laser cutting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110293325B CN110293325B CN201910688542.5A CN201910688542A CN110293325B CN 110293325 B CN110293325 B CN 110293325B CN 201910688542 A CN201910688542 A CN 201910688542A CN 110293325 B CN110293325 B CN 110293325B
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- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a thick plate laser cutting method, which is characterized in that: step 1: the electromagnetic coil is fixed on the laser cutting head and can move along with the laser cutting head; step 2: vertically placing and fixing a workpiece to be cut; and step 3: defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a lead-out section in a laser cutting track; and 4, step 4: starting a laser cutting system, starting cutting auxiliary gas, starting an electromagnetic field power supply, and vertically irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be cut by laser beams to realize laser cutting of a thick plate; and 5: when the laser beam moves to the starting point of the corner cutting lead-in section, adjusting the electromagnetic field power supply and starting the corner area cutting; step 6: when the laser beam moves to the end point of the corner cutting leading-out section, adjusting the electromagnetic field power supply and finishing the cutting of the corner area; and 7: and when the cutting end point is reached, the laser generator is closed, the electromagnetic field power supply is closed, the cutting auxiliary gas is closed, and the cutting process is completed. Compared with the prior art, the invention has good cutting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser cutting method, in particular to a thick plate laser cutting method.
Background
At present, the laser cutting technology is applied to a large scale in various fields such as sheet metal processing, metallurgical equipment, engineering machinery, precision accessories, craft gifts, household appliances and the like. The traditional metal cutting method mainly adopts the steps that an optical system in a cutting head is used for converging the laser beam on the surface of a material to melt the material, and auxiliary gas is provided to blow off the melted material to realize cutting. However, when the thick stainless steel plate is cut by using the fiber laser, the laser energy at the corners is densely accumulated, which easily causes the phenomenon of 'reverse spraying' at the corners, and the cutting cannot be performed.
The invention patent with publication number "CN 103771694 a", entitled "laser cutting method and cutting system", published on 07/05/2014, discloses a laser cutting method and cutting system for glass substrates, which increases the stress damage point to the substrate when the cutting line is formed by laser cutting in a manner of forming a cutting auxiliary line outside the cutting line, and facilitates the separation and the separation after the substrate cutting, but the method still has the problems: when the pulsed laser cutting or the laser cutting power is low, the formed cutting line does not separate the substrate well.
The invention patent publication No. CN 103906597B, entitled "laser cutting method and cutting device", published 25/05/2016 discloses a laser cutting method and cutting device in which a cutting gas is made to flow around a laser beam, the material to be processed is melted by the energy of the laser beam irradiated to the material to be processed and the energy of the oxidation reaction between the material to be processed and the cutting gas, and the molten metal is discharged by the kinetic energy of the cutting gas, but this method still has problems: in some cases, the workpiece material is excessively melted, and it is difficult to secure a desired workpiece shape in the vicinity of the cutting end point.
The invention discloses a device for synchronously assisting laser welding by a rotating electromagnetic field, which is disclosed by the invention patent with the publication number of CN 109128502A and the invention name of a device for synchronously assisting laser welding by the rotating electromagnetic field on 04.2019, can realize simple, convenient and quick continuous adjustment of the rotating magnetic field and the constant electric field and the intensity, ensures the synchronous movement of the electric field and the constant electric field along with a welding laser beam, and improves the forming quality of a laser welding seam by setting reasonable laser process parameters such as power, focal length, defocusing amount, helium protective gas flow and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the cutting cannot be continued because molten metal is upwards sprayed at the corner of a thick plate by laser cutting.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a thick plate laser cutting method, which is characterized in that:
step 1: the electromagnetic coil is fixed on the laser cutting head and can move along with the laser cutting head.
Step 2: and vertically placing and fixing the workpiece to be cut.
And step 3: corner cut lead-in and lead-out segments are defined in the laser cut trajectory.
And 4, step 4: starting the laser cutting system, starting the cutting auxiliary gas, starting the electromagnetic field power supply, and vertically irradiating the surface of the workpiece to be cut by laser beams to realize the laser cutting of the thick plate.
And 5: when the laser beam moves to the starting point of the corner cutting lead-in segment, the electromagnetic field power supply is adjusted, and the cutting of the corner area is started.
Step 6: and when the laser beam moves to the end point of the corner cutting leading-out section, adjusting the electromagnetic field power supply and finishing the cutting of the corner area.
And 7: and when the cutting end point is reached, the laser generator is closed, the electromagnetic field power supply is closed, the cutting auxiliary gas is closed, and the cutting process is completed.
Further, in step 2, the workpiece to be cut is a stainless steel plate.
Further, the thickness of the workpiece to be cut is 15-30 mm.
Further, in step 3, the corner of the workpiece to be cut is in the form of a circular arc or a straight line intersecting corner.
Further, in step 3, the corner cut introduction section is a section of the straight line cutting area starting from the corner termination point.
Further, corner cutting lead-in segment length d110-30 mm.
Further, in step 3, the corner cut lead-out segment is a segment of the straight line cutting area away from the corner starting point.
Further, the corner is cut to a lead-out section length d 210 to 20 mm.
Further, in step 4, nitrogen is selected as the cutting assistance gas, and the purity is 99.999%.
Further, the pressure of the cutting auxiliary gas is 1.5-3 MPa.
Further, in step 4, an electromagnetic field power supply is started, and the size of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is 0.1-1T.
Further, in step 5, the electromagnetic field power is adjusted so that the magnitude of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is increased.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic field is 0.5-5T.
Further, in step 6, the electromagnetic field power is adjusted so that the magnitude of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is reduced.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic field is 0.1-1T.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the invention, an electromagnetic field is added in the laser cutting process, so that an external force-Lorentz force towards the ejection direction can be provided for the laser cutting of the molten metal, the molten metal in the laser cutting region flows more orderly towards the ejection direction, and particularly, the flow of the molten metal in the cutting region at the corner of the thick plate is effectively controlled to realize orderly flow, thereby greatly improving the cutting effect of the laser cutting of the thick plate and avoiding the phenomenon of 'reverse spraying' of the molten metal at the corner.
2) In the invention, a larger external force is provided for the molten metal in the cutting area by applying an electromagnetic field, so that the laser power and the consumption of protective gas can be reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
3) The method of the invention has high cutting speed for cutting the corners of the thick plate and improves the cutting efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cut area at a corner of a plank.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional laser cutting process at a corner of a plank.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the plank laser cutting process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cutting path according to one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second cutting path according to an embodiment.
Wherein: 1. the method comprises the following steps of cutting a laser cutting head, 2, a laser beam, 3, a Lorentz force direction, 4, coaxial protective gas, 5, a cutting slit, 6, a molten pool, 7, a workpiece to be cut, 8, an electromagnetic coil, 9, reverse spraying molten metal, 10, plasma, 11, a corner cutting leading-in section starting point, 12, a corner starting point, 13, a corner end point, 14, a corner cutting leading-out section end point, 15 and an electromagnetic field power supply.
Embodiment mode 1:
the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-4 and the specific embodiments.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, a method for laser cutting a slab includes the following steps.
Step 1: the electromagnetic coil 8 is fixed on the laser cutting head 1 and can move along with the laser cutting head 1; in this example, the adjustable range of the electromagnetic field is 0.1-5T.
Step 2: vertically placing and fixing a workpiece 7 to be cut; in this example, the thickness of the workpiece 7 to be cut is 15 to 30 mm.
And step 3: defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a lead-out section in a laser cutting track; in the present example, the corner of the workpiece to be cut is in the form of a circular arc, and the corner cut lead-in is a linear cut region having a length d from the starting point 12 of the corner110-30 mm, the corner cutting leading-out section is a section of linear cutting area starting from a corner termination point 13, and the length d of the linear cutting area 210 to 20 mm.
And 4, step 4: starting a laser cutting system, starting cutting auxiliary gas, starting an electromagnetic field power supply 15, and vertically irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be cut by a laser beam 2; in this example, when the cutting direction is vertical, the electromagnetic field is adjusted to 0.2-0.3T, and the pressure of the cutting auxiliary gas is 1.5-3 MPa.
And 5: when the laser beam 2 moves to the starting point 12 of the corner cutting lead-in segment, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted to start the cutting of the corner area; in the embodiment, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted to increase the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8, and the size of the electromagnetic field is adjusted to be 0.5-1T.
Step 6: when the laser beam 2 moves to the corner cutting termination point 13, namely enters the horizontal direction for cutting, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted, and the corner area cutting is finished; in the present embodiment, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 is reduced, and the magnitude of the electromagnetic field is adjusted to 0.3-0.8T.
And 7: when the cutting end point is reached, the laser generator is turned off, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is turned off, and the cutting auxiliary gas is turned off, thereby completing the cutting process.
In this embodiment, through adding electromagnetic field in the laser cutting process, can provide an external force to the blowout direction-lorentz force to laser cutting molten metal, so the regional molten metal of laser cutting is more orderly to the flow of blowout direction, and the regional molten metal of cutting of thick plate corner flows and obtains effective control and realize orderly flow especially, thereby improves laser cutting thick plate cutting effect greatly, has avoided the molten metal "contrary blowout" phenomenon of corner.
Embodiment mode 2:
another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 5.
In this embodiment, the method for laser cutting a slab includes the following steps:
step 1: the electromagnetic coil 8 is fixed on the laser cutting head 1 and can move along with the laser cutting head 1; in this example, the adjustable range of the electromagnetic field is 0.1-5T.
Step 2: vertically placing and fixing a workpiece 7 to be cut; in this example, the thickness of the workpiece 7 to be cut is 15 to 30 mm.
And step 3: defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a lead-out section in a laser cutting track; in this example, the corner of the workpiece to be cut is in the form of a straight intersecting corner, and the corner cut lead-in is a straight cut region at a distance d from the starting point 11 of the corner110-30 mm, the corner cutting leading-out section is a section of linear cutting area starting from a corner termination point 13, and the length d of the linear cutting area 210 to 20 mm.
And 4, step 4: starting a laser cutting system, starting cutting auxiliary gas, starting an electromagnetic field power supply 15, and vertically irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be cut by a laser beam 2; in this example, when the cutting direction is horizontal, the electromagnetic field is adjusted to 0.3-0.8T, and the pressure of the cutting auxiliary gas is 1.5-3 MPa.
And 5: when the laser beam 2 moves to the starting point 12 of the corner cutting lead-in segment, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted to start the cutting of the corner area; in this example, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 is increased, and the electromagnetic field is adjusted to 0.8-1.2T.
Step 6: when the laser beam 2 moves to the corner cutting termination point 13, namely after the laser beam enters the vertical direction for cutting, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted, and the corner area cutting is finished; in the embodiment, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is adjusted so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 is reduced, and the size of the electromagnetic field is adjusted to be 0.3-0.5T.
And 7: when the cutting end point is reached, the laser generator is turned off, the electromagnetic field power supply 15 is turned off, and the cutting auxiliary gas is turned off, thereby completing the cutting process.
The above examples are typical embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be regarded as equivalents and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A thick plate laser cutting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the electromagnetic coil (8) is fixed on the laser cutting head (1) and can move along with the laser cutting head (1);
step 2: vertically placing and fixing a workpiece (7) to be cut, wherein the workpiece (7) to be cut is a thick plate with the thickness of 15-30 mm;
and step 3: defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a corner cutting lead-out section in a laser cutting track;
and 4, step 4: starting a laser cutting system, starting cutting auxiliary gas, starting an electromagnetic field power supply (15), and vertically irradiating the surface of the workpiece (7) to be cut by a laser beam (2) to realize laser cutting of the workpiece (7) to be cut;
and 5: when the laser beam (2) moves to the starting point (11) of the corner cutting lead-in section, the electromagnetic field power supply (15) is adjusted, so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (8) is increased, and the corner area cutting is started;
step 6: when the laser beam (2) moves to the end point (14) of the corner cutting leading-out section, the electromagnetic field power supply (15) is adjusted, so that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (8) is reduced, and the corner area cutting is finished;
and 7: when the cutting end point is reached, the laser generator is closed, the electromagnetic field power supply (15) is closed, the cutting auxiliary gas is closed, and the cutting process is completed.
2. The laser cutting method for slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, in the laser cutting system, the size of an electromagnetic field generated by an electromagnetic coil (8) is 0.1-5T.
3. The laser cutting method for slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3, in the laser cutting system, the corner of the workpiece to be cut is in the form of an arc or a straight line intersection corner.
4. The laser cutting method for slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, in the laser cutting system, the corner cutting lead-in section length d in the laser cutting track110-30 mm.
5. The laser cutting method for slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, in the laser cutting system, the length d of the corner cutting lead-out section in the laser cutting track210 to 20 mm.
6. The laser cutting method for slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, in the laser cutting system, the pressure of the cutting auxiliary gas is 1.5-3 MPa.
7. The laser cutting method for slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, selecting nitrogen as the cutting auxiliary gas in the laser cutting system.
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| CN201910688542.5A CN110293325B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Thick plate laser cutting method |
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| CN201910688542.5A CN110293325B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Thick plate laser cutting method |
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Families Citing this family (3)
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| CN113118642A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 江苏亚威机床股份有限公司 | Laser cutting corner processing method |
| CN111055029A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 武汉大学 | Laser cutting device and method for regulating and controlling crack propagation by controlling plasma through electromagnetic field |
| CN115519259B (en) * | 2022-10-22 | 2024-05-24 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | High-frequency current assisted double-beam laser cutting method |
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Effective date of registration: 20231225 Address after: No. 14, Houshi Group, Shuanghe Village, Xinglong Township, Xuyi County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, 223000 Patentee after: Zhao Hongbo Address before: 230000 floor 1, building 2, phase I, e-commerce Park, Jinggang Road, Shushan Economic Development Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Dragon totem Technology (Hefei) Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20231225 Address after: 230000 floor 1, building 2, phase I, e-commerce Park, Jinggang Road, Shushan Economic Development Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Dragon totem Technology (Hefei) Co.,Ltd. Address before: School of automotive and mechanical engineering, Changsha University of technology, No. 960, Section 2, Wanjiali South Road, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410114 Patentee before: CHANGSHA University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
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Effective date of registration: 20240416 Address after: 214000, No. 148 Chunhui East Road, Xishan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Wuxi Liyang Laser Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: No. 14, Houshi Group, Shuanghe Village, Xinglong Township, Xuyi County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, 223000 Patentee before: Zhao Hongbo Country or region before: China |