CN110293326B - Method for cutting thick plate by double-beam laser - Google Patents
Method for cutting thick plate by double-beam laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN110293326B CN110293326B CN201910693785.8A CN201910693785A CN110293326B CN 110293326 B CN110293326 B CN 110293326B CN 201910693785 A CN201910693785 A CN 201910693785A CN 110293326 B CN110293326 B CN 110293326B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cutting a thick plate by double-beam laser, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1, providing a thick stainless steel plate for cutting; step 2, removing impurities on the upper surface and the lower surface of the workpiece to be cut and clamping the workpiece by using a clamp; step 3, providing a double-beam laser cutting system; step 4, defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a lead-out section in a laser cutting track; step 5, starting the double-beam laser cutting system, opening the auxiliary gas supply system, providing first auxiliary gas, and performing double-beam laser cutting on the thick plate; step 6, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the starting point of the corner cutting lead-in section, adding second auxiliary gas supply, and starting cutting of the corner area of the thick plate; step 7, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the end point of the corner cutting leading-out section, closing the second auxiliary gas; and 8, when the cutting end point is reached, closing the laser generator to finish the cutting process. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of good cutting effect and strong adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser cutting method, in particular to a method for cutting corners of a thick plate by laser.
Background
At present, the laser cutting technology is applied to a large scale in various fields such as sheet metal processing, metallurgical equipment, engineering machinery, precision accessories, craft gifts, household appliances and the like. The traditional metal cutting method mainly adopts the steps that an optical system in a cutting head is used for converging the laser beam on the surface of a material to melt the material, and auxiliary gas is provided to blow off the melted material to realize cutting. However, when the thick stainless steel plate is cut by using the fiber laser, the laser energy at the corners is densely accumulated, which easily causes the phenomenon of 'reverse spraying' at the corners, and the cutting cannot be performed.
The invention discloses a corner laser cutting method which is disclosed in 2015, 5, 13 and has the publication number of 'CN 104607805A' and the invention name of 'a corner laser cutting method', and the invention discloses a corner laser cutting method, wherein when a laser cutting track reaches a corner area, the output percentages of cutting power and cutting speed are preset, the cutting power and cutting speed are regulated by a control command write-in control system, cutting is completed, a control command is ended, and the cutting is recovered to a normal cutting state, but the technical scheme has the following problems: in order to relieve the surface temperature of the cutting area, the cutting area is cooled by adding auxiliary gas.
The invention patent, which is published in 2016, 8, 10 and has the publication number of "CN 105834595A" and the name of "a sharp-angled laser cutting method", discloses a sharp-angled laser cutting method, wherein the laser cutting method collects laser beams in a cutting head to the surface of a metal material by adjusting the cutting power to 250W, blows 3 MPa of auxiliary gas, provides a negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure on the lower surface of the metal material, and moves the cutting head at the speed of 800 mm/min; then the power of the laser cutting machine is increased to 500W, negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure is provided on the lower surface of the metal material, and the cutting head is moved at the speed of 1500 mm/min, so that the invention can effectively cut a good sharp corner, and the technical scheme still has the problems that: the temperature is too high in the cutting process, and the cutting agent is difficult to scatter in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the cutting cannot be continued because molten metal is upwards sprayed at the corner of a thick plate by laser cutting.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a method for cutting a thick plate by using double-beam laser, which is characterized in that.
And 2, removing impurities on the upper surface and the lower surface of the workpiece to be cut and clamping by using a clamp.
And step 3, providing a double-beam laser cutting system.
And 4, defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a lead-out section in the laser cutting track.
And 5, starting the double-beam laser cutting system, opening the auxiliary gas supply system, providing first auxiliary gas, and cutting the thick plate by using double-beam laser.
And 6, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the starting point of the corner cutting introduction section, increasing second auxiliary gas supply and starting the double-beam laser cutting in the corner area of the thick plate.
And 7, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the end point of the corner cutting leading-out section, closing the second auxiliary gas and ending the corner area cutting.
And 8, when the cutting end point is reached, closing the laser generator to finish the cutting process.
Further, in the step 2, the thickness of the workpiece to be cut is 20-50 mm.
Further, in step 3, the dual-beam laser cutting system includes CO2Laser, single mode fiber laser, CO2Laser transmission light path, optic fibre laser transmission optic fibre, the compound cutting head of laser and auxiliary gas feed system.
Further, CO2The output power of the laser is 8-10 kW.
Further, the output power of the single-mode fiber laser is 8-10 kW.
Further, the auxiliary gas supply system comprises a first gas cylinder, a second gas cylinder, a first transmission pipeline, a second transmission pipeline and an auxiliary gas nozzle.
Further, the auxiliary gas nozzle is connected and fixed with the laser composite cutting head.
Furthermore, the auxiliary gas nozzle comprises a first gas cavity and a second gas cavity, and the first gas cavity and the second gas cavity are provided with a plurality of circular holes distributed annularly.
Further, in step 4, the corner of the workpiece to be cut is in the form of a circular arc or a straight corner.
Further, in step 4, the laser cuts the corner cut lead-in section d in the track110-30 mm.
Further, in step 4, the laser cutting track has a corner cutting lead-out section length d 210 to 20 mm.
Further, in step 5, CO2The focal point of the laser is delta from the upper surface of the workpiece1Is 0 to 5 mm.
Further, in step 5, the focal point of the single-mode fiber laser is located at a distance δ from the upper surface of the workpiece25-10 mm.
Further, CO2The distance delta between the focal positions of the laser and the single-mode fiber laser is 5-10 mm.
Further, in step 5, a cutting first assist gas is provided to the assist gas nozzle first gas chamber via a first gas cylinder.
Further, the first auxiliary gas is N2The pressure is 15-30 MPa.
Further, in step 6, a cutting second assist gas is supplied to the assist gas nozzle second gas chamber through a second gas cylinder.
Further, the second auxiliary gas is Ar, and the pressure is 20-35 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects.
1) In the present invention, CO of dual coaxial wavelengths is used2The thick plate is cut by laser and single-mode fiber laser, and CO is effectively utilized2The laser cutting process is stable, the single-mode fiber laser has the advantages of strong focusing capacity, high material absorption rate and the like, the high-efficiency absorption of the material to the energy of the two laser beams is realized by optimizing the spatial positions of the two laser beams, the generation of light-induced plasma is avoided, and the stable cutting effect is obtained.
2) In the present invention, CO is CO at coaxial dual wavelength2On the basis of laser and single-mode fiber laser, double-channel cutting auxiliary gas is adopted to realize synchronous action of double-layer auxiliary gas flow on a corner area of a thick plate; in addition, the outer auxiliary gas flow is high-pressure Ar, so that the density is high, the impact force is strong, the problem that the energy concentration is easily generated in the cutting process of the corner area to cause photoinduced plasma to shield laser beams, and then molten metal in the cutting area flows randomly is effectively inhibited, and the stable cutting of the corner area of the thick plate can be realized.
3) The method for cutting the thick plate by the double-beam laser can be popularized and applied to the processes of transverse cutting, vertical cutting, all-position cutting and the like of the thick plate, and has strong adaptability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a corner of a plank during laser cutting.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the phenomenon of reverse spraying at the corner of a conventional laser-cut slab.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the auxiliary gas nozzle.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the secondary gas nozzle.
Wherein: 1. CO 22The laser beam, 2, a single-mode fiber laser beam, 3, a first reflector, 4, a second reflector, 5, a focusing lens, 6, an auxiliary gas nozzle, 601, a first gas cavity, 602, a second gas cavity, 7, a cutting seam, 8, a molten pool, 9, a workpiece to be cut, 10, reverse spraying molten metal, 11, light-induced plasma, 12, a first transmission pipeline, 13, a second transmission pipeline, 14, a first gas cylinder, 15, a second gas cylinder, 16, a corner cutting leading-in section starting point, 17, a corner starting point, 18, a corner termination point, 19 and a corner cutting leading-out section termination point.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 5 and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for cutting a slab with a dual-beam laser includes the following steps.
And 2, removing impurities on the upper surface and the lower surface of the workpiece 9 to be cut and clamping by using a clamp.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the workpiece 9 to be cut is 20-50 mm.
And step 3, providing a double-beam laser cutting system.
In this embodiment, the dual beam laser cutting system includes CO2Laser, single mode fiber laser, CO2Laser transmission optical path, optical fiber laser transmission optical fiber, laser composite cutting head and auxiliary gas supply systemAnd (4) a system.
In this example, CO2The output power of the laser is 8-10 kW.
In the embodiment, the output power of the single-mode fiber laser is 8-10 kW.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the auxiliary gas supply system includes a first gas cylinder 14, a second gas cylinder 15, a first transmission pipeline 12, a second transmission pipeline 13, and an auxiliary gas nozzle 6, and the auxiliary gas nozzle 6 is connected and fixed to the laser composite cutting head.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the auxiliary gas nozzle 6 includes a first gas chamber 601 and a second gas chamber 602, and the first gas chamber 601 and the second gas chamber 602 are provided with a plurality of circular holes distributed annularly.
And 4, defining a corner cutting lead-in section and a corner cutting lead-out section of the workpiece to be cut in the laser cutting track.
In the present embodiment, the corner of the work piece 9 to be cut is in the form of a circular arc or a straight corner, as shown in fig. 1.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the corner cut lead-in segment is a straight cut section from the corner starting point 17, and the corner cut lead-in segment has a length d110-30 mm.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the corner cut lead-out segment is a straight cut region starting from the corner termination point 18, and the corner cut lead-out segment has a length d 210 to 20 mm.
And 5, starting the double-beam laser cutting system, opening the auxiliary gas supply system, providing first auxiliary gas, and cutting the thick plate by using double-beam laser.
In this example, CO2The focal position of the laser beam 1 is at a distance delta from the upper surface of the workpiece1Is 0 to 5 mm.
In this embodiment, the focal point of the single-mode fiber laser beam 2 is located at a distance δ from the upper surface of the workpiece25-10 mm.
In this example, CO2The distance delta between the focal positions of the laser beam 1 and the single-mode fiber laser beam 2 is 5-10 mm.
In this embodiment, the first gas cylinder 14 supplies the first gas chamber 601 of the auxiliary gas nozzle 6 with the first cutting gasAn auxiliary gas, the first auxiliary gas being N2The pressure is 15-30 MPa.
And 6, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the starting point 16 of the corner cutting lead-in section, increasing the supply of second auxiliary gas, and starting the double-beam laser cutting in the corner area of the thick plate, wherein the second auxiliary gas is Ar, and the pressure is 20-35 MPa.
In this embodiment, the second auxiliary gas for cutting is supplied to the second gas chamber 602 of the auxiliary gas nozzle 6 through the second gas cylinder 15.
And 7, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the corner cutting leading-out section termination point 18, closing the second auxiliary gas and finishing the corner area cutting.
And 8, when the cutting end point is reached, closing the laser generator to finish the cutting process.
The above examples are one embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be regarded as equivalents and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cutting a thick stainless steel plate by using double-beam laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, providing a workpiece (9) to be cut, wherein the workpiece (9) to be cut is a thick stainless steel plate with the thickness of 20-30 mm;
step 2, removing impurities on the upper surface and the lower surface of a workpiece (9) to be cut and clamping the workpiece by using a clamp;
step 3, providing a double-beam laser cutting system with different wavelengths, wherein the double-beam laser cutting system comprises CO2Laser, single mode fiber laser, CO2The device comprises a laser transmission light path, an optical fiber laser transmission optical fiber, a laser composite cutting head and an auxiliary gas supply system; the auxiliary gas supply system comprises a first gas cylinder (14), a second gas cylinder (15), a first transmission pipeline (12), a second transmission pipeline (13) and an auxiliary gas nozzle (6), wherein the auxiliary gas nozzle (6) and the laser composite cutting headThe auxiliary gas nozzle (6) comprises a first gas cavity (601) and a second gas cavity (602), the first gas cavity (601) and the second gas cavity (602) are both provided with a plurality of circular holes distributed annularly, and the first gas cylinder (14) is communicated with the first gas cavity (601) of the auxiliary gas nozzle (6) through a first transmission pipeline (12); the second gas bottle (15) is communicated with a second gas cavity (602) of the auxiliary gas nozzle (6) through a second transmission pipeline (13);
step 4, defining a corner cutting leading-in section and a corner cutting leading-out section in the laser cutting track;
step 5, starting CO in the double-beam laser cutting system2Laser and single mode fiber laser for CO2Distance delta between the focal point of the laser beam (1) and the upper surface of the workpiece10-5 mm, the distance delta between the focal position of the single-mode fiber laser beam (2) and the upper surface of the workpiece25 to 10 mm, CO2The distance delta between the focal positions of the laser beam (1) and the single-mode fiber laser beam (2) is 5-10 mm; opening the auxiliary gas supply system, supplying a first auxiliary gas to a first gas cavity (601) of the auxiliary gas nozzle (6) through a first gas cylinder (14), and performing double-beam laser cutting on the thick stainless steel plate, wherein the first auxiliary gas is N2；
Step 6, when the laser composite cutting head moves to the starting point (16) of the corner cutting introduction section, a second auxiliary gas is provided for a second gas cavity (602) of the auxiliary gas nozzle (6) through a second gas cylinder (15), and double-beam laser cutting of the corner area of the thick stainless steel plate is started, wherein the second auxiliary gas is Ar;
step 7, when the laser composite cutting head moves to a corner cutting leading-out section termination point (19), closing the second auxiliary gas and finishing the cutting of the corner area;
step 8, when the cutting end point is reached, CO is closed2And the laser and the single-mode fiber laser are used for finishing the cutting process.
2. The method of double-beam laser cutting a thick stainless steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the workpiece to be cut(9) The corner is in the form of a circular arc or a straight corner, and the length d of the corner cutting lead-in section in the laser cutting track110-30 mm, length d of corner cutting leading-out section in laser cutting track210 to 20 mm.
3. The method of double-beam laser cutting a thick stainless steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: the CO is2The output power of the laser is 8-10 kW, and the output power of the single-mode fiber laser is 8-10 kW.
4. The method of double-beam laser cutting a thick stainless steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure of the first auxiliary gas is 15-30 MPa.
5. The method of double-beam laser cutting a thick stainless steel plate according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure of the second auxiliary gas is 20-35 MPa.
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| CN201910693785.8A CN110293326B (en) | 2019-07-30 | 2019-07-30 | Method for cutting thick plate by double-beam laser |
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| CN114871593A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-09 | 西北工业大学太仓长三角研究院 | Thick plate myriawatt-level optical fiber laser double-component gas-assisted cutting method |
| CN115673569A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Medium plate swinging laser cutting method |
| CN116673618A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-09-01 | 珠海市申科谱工业科技有限公司 | Laser drilling process for medical plastic catheter |
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Effective date of registration: 20231219 Address after: No. 4388, Economic Development Street, Gongzhuling Economic Development Zone, Siping City, Jilin Province, 136000 Patentee after: Jilin Automan Steel Structure Co.,Ltd. Address before: 230000 floor 1, building 2, phase I, e-commerce Park, Jinggang Road, Shushan Economic Development Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Dragon totem Technology (Hefei) Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20231219 Address after: 230000 floor 1, building 2, phase I, e-commerce Park, Jinggang Road, Shushan Economic Development Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Dragon totem Technology (Hefei) Co.,Ltd. Address before: School of automotive and mechanical engineering, Changsha University of technology, No. 960, Section 2, Wanjiali South Road, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410114 Patentee before: CHANGSHA University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |