CN110290993B - 混合动力车辆的控制装置以及混合动力车辆 - Google Patents
混合动力车辆的控制装置以及混合动力车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110290993B CN110290993B CN201880008802.3A CN201880008802A CN110290993B CN 110290993 B CN110290993 B CN 110290993B CN 201880008802 A CN201880008802 A CN 201880008802A CN 110290993 B CN110290993 B CN 110290993B
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Abstract
本发明做到能够有效地回收再生能量、能提高燃油效率。为此,本发明为一种混合动力车辆的HCM(50),其具备:发动机;驱动轮,其能够传递发动机的驱动力;马达,其能够传递来自发动机的驱动力,而且能够与驱动轮之间传递驱动力;以及电池,其供给驱动马达的电力,而且积蓄由马达发出的电力,该混合动力车辆的HCM(50)构成为,具备:高效率范围信息存储部(53),其存储确定发动机的发动机特性中的发动机的发动机效率较高的高效率范围的信息;发电量测定部(51),在发动机正在脱离了高效率范围的低效率范围内动作的情况下,所述发电量测定部(51)测定由马达发出并积蓄至电池的电力量即低效率范围发电量;以及统括控制部(52),在需要供给驱动马达的电力的情况下,所述统括控制部(52)以将低效率范围发电量的电力供给至马达的方式进行控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及配备发动机和马达、可以通过马达而使用来自驱动轮的驱动力进行发电的混合动力车辆的控制装置等。
背景技术
在配备发动机和马达作为驱动源的混合动力车辆中,会视状况来切换将发动机与马达中的哪一方作为驱动源,由此谋求燃油效率的提高等。
例如,已知有如下技术:根据充电时的功率利用系数来决定蓄电装置的蓄电量的目标值(目标SOC(State of Charge)),在将蓄电装置充电到目标SOC后,对综合牵引效率与发动机的燃烧效率进行比较来决定是否继续利用电动机的行驶(例如参考专利文献1)。
此外,在混合动力车辆中,已知有如下技术:在使车辆减速时,通过驱动轮的驱动力使马达作为发电机进行动作,由此回收再生能量而提高燃油效率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开2011-213275号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
例如,在将马达用作发电机来回收再生能量时,只能回收电池的空白容量程度的电力量。因而,在电池的SOC较高的情况下,恐怕会发生无法回收大部分再生能量的情形。
相对于此,若为了大量回收再生能量而一味降低电池的SOC,则在因紧急制动等而无法回收再生能量的情况下,SOC恐怕会极端降低。在这种情况下,会发生在需要时无法利用马达的驱动力、或者为了获得所需的SOC而不得不浪费地使用燃料而导致燃油效率降低的情况等。
本发明是鉴于上述缘由而成,其目的在于提供一种能够有效地回收再生能量、从而能提高燃油效率的技术。
解决问题的技术手段
为了达成上述目的,第1观点为一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,所述混合动力车辆具备:发动机;驱动轮,其能够传递发动机的驱动力;马达,其能够传递来自发动机的驱动力,而且能够与驱动轮之间传递驱动力;以及电池,其供给驱动马达的电力,而且积蓄由马达发出的电力,该混合动力车辆的控制装置具备:效率范围信息存储部,其存储确定发动机的发动机特性中的发动机的发动机效率相对较高的第1效率范围的信息;发电量测定部,在发动机正在脱离了第1效率范围的第2效率范围内动作的情况下,所述发电量测定部测定由马达发出并积蓄至电池的电力量即第2效率范围发电量;以及电力控制部,在需要供给驱动马达的电力的情况下,所述电力控制部以将第2效率范围发电量的电力从电池供给至马达的方式进行控制。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够有效地对回收能量进行回收,从而能提高燃油效率。
附图说明
图1为一实施方式的混合动力车辆的一部分的构成图。
图2为一实施方式的HCM的功能构成图。
图3为说明一实施方式的高效率范围的决定方法的图。
图4为一实施方式的发电量测定处理的流程图。
图5为一实施方式的混合动力控制处理的流程图。
图6为说明一实施方式的混合动力车辆的行驶状态的一例的图。
图7为说明一实施方式的多种情形下的混合动力车辆的行驶状态的例子的图。
图8为说明变形例的发电控制的图。
具体实施方式
参考附图,对实施方式进行说明。再者,以下所说明的实施方式并不限定权利要求书所涉及的发明,此外,实施方式中说明的各要素及其组合未必全是发明的解决手段所必需的。
图1为一实施方式的混合动力车辆的一部分的构成图。
混合动力车辆1具备发动机10、离合器12、变速器14、传动轴15、差动装置(差速器)16、驱动轴17、18、驱动轮19、20、马达(MOT)30、铅蓄电池(电池)40、DC-DC转换器41、锂电池42、MCU(Moter Control Unit(马达控制单元))43、ECU(Engine Control Unit(发动机控制单元))44、TCU(Transmission Control Unit(传动控制单元))45、以及作为控制装置的一例的HCM(Hybrid Control Module(混合动力控制单元))50。
MCU 43控制马达30的动作。ECU 44控制发动机10的动作。TCU 45控制变速器14的动作。HCM 50与MCU 43、ECU 44、TCU 45等连接,对发动机10和马达30的动作进行统括控制。各种信息从未图示的传感器直接或者经由其他装置(MCU 43、ECU 44、TCU 45等)输入到HCM50。
作为输入至HCM 50的信息,例如有发动机10的转速、发动机10的输出扭矩或者输出扭矩的推断值(推断扭矩值)、电池40的SOC等信息。在本实施方式中,推断扭矩值例如由ECU 44根据供给至发动机10的燃料的量等来算出,ECU 44将其结果输入到HCM。再者,也可配备测定发动机10输出的扭矩的扭矩传感器来输入该扭矩。
发动机10的输出轴11被连接到离合器12的输入侧。离合器12的输出轴13被连接到变速器14的输入侧。在变速器14的输出侧连接有传动轴15。传动轴15经由差动装置16、驱动轴17、18连接到驱动轮19、20。再者,发动机10上连接有通过发动机10的驱动力来发电的交流发电机。
离合器12进行发动机10与变速器14之间的驱动力的传递及切断。
在本实施方式中,在通过发动机10的驱动力使马达30发电时,离合器12将输入侧与输出侧连接起来,在通过驱动轮19、20的驱动力使马达30发电时,离合器12将输入侧与输出侧切断。变速器14例如为无级变速器(CVT),改变输入侧的轴与输出侧的轴之间的变速比。再者,变速器14也可为AT(Automatic transmission(自动变速器))。
马达30的输出轴31例如经由齿轮32、33而以可与传动轴15之间传递驱动力的方式加以连接。通过这种构成,可以将马达30的驱动力传递至驱动轮19、20,此外,也可以将驱动轮19、20的驱动力传递至马达30,也可以将发动机10的驱动力传递至马达30。
马达30可以作为通过供给的电力使输出轴31转动的驱动源进行动作,而且可以通过从输出轴31供给的来自发动机10或驱动轮19、20的驱动力进行转动,由此作为发出电力的发电机进行动作。
马达30经由DC-DC转换器41、锂电池42、MCU 43与电池40连接。DC-DC转换器41转换直流电压的电压。锂电池42积蓄规定电压的电力。MCU 43在内部具有变换器,进行从锂电池42向马达30的供电以及由马达30发出的电力向锂电池42的供给(充电)。
接着,对HCM 50进行详细说明。
图2为一实施方式的HCM的功能构成图。
HCM 50例如由CPU(Central Processing Unit(中央处理单元))、RAM(RandomAccess Memory(随机存储器))、ROM、通信I/F(接口)等构成,具备发电量测定部51、作为电力控制部的一例的统括控制部52、作为效率范围信息存储部的一例的高效率范围信息存储部53、以及发电量存储部54。发电量测定部51及统括控制部52例如通过由CPU执行RAM中存放的程序而构成。高效率范围信息存储部53及发电量存储部54例如由RAM构成。
高效率范围信息存储部53存放表示发动机10的发动机特性中的发动机效率(向动能的能量转换效率)达到高效率的范围(高效率范围:第1效率范围)的信息。高效率范围例如为图3所示的发动机转速与扭矩的发动机特性图中的高效率范围HE(图3中被虚线EL围住的范围)。在本实施方式中,作为表示高效率范围的信息,可设为针对与发动机转速和扭矩相对应的图谱的各位置而存放有表示是否为高效率范围HE的数据的信息,也可为根据发动机转速和扭矩来判定是否为高效率范围HE的数式的信息。再者,决定高效率范围的方法将于后文叙述。此外,在本实施方式中,将高效率范围以外的范围也就是发动机效率为低效率的范围称为低效率范围(第2效率范围)。
发电量存储部54根据发电时的状态而分类存储有由马达30充入的发电量。在本实施方式中,发电量存储部54将由马达30充入的发电量分类为发动机10在高效率范围内动作的情况下发出的发电量(高效率发电量:第1效率范围发电量)、发动机10在低效率范围内动作的情况下发出的发电量(低效率发电量:第2效率范围发电量)、以及在发动机10停止的状态下通过驱动轮19、20的驱动力以再生能量的形式发出的发电量(再生发电量)来进行存储。
在正通过马达30进行发电时(电池40中SOC正在增加时),在发动机10正在高效率范围内动作的情况下,发电量测定部51将此时的发电量(例如SOC的增加量)累计至发电量存储部54的高效率发电量,在发动机10正在高效率范围以外的低效率范围内动作的情况下,发电量测定部51将此时的发电量累计至发电量存储部54的低效率发电量,在发动机10已停止的情况下,发电量测定部51将此时的发电量累计至发电量存储部54的再生发电量。
此外,在正在供给电力时(电池40中SOC正在减少时),发电量测定部51从低效率发电量中减去用掉的电力量直至低效率发电量变为0为止,在低效率发电量为0的情况下,发电量测定部51从高效率发电量中减去用掉的电力量直至高效率发电量变为0为止,在低效率发电量及高效率发电量为0的情况下,发电量测定部51从再生发电量中减去用掉的电力量。
统括控制部52对发动机10及马达30的动作进行统括控制。在需要驱动马达30的情况(需要供给驱动马达30的电力的情况),例如需要仅通过马达30使混合动力车辆1行驶的情况或者需要规定以上的加速的情况下,统括控制部52以将低效率范围发电量的电力供给至马达30的方式进行控制。再者,即便低效率范围发电量尚未变为0,在电池40的SOC变成最低限度的值(SOC极限量:最低必需量)的情况下,统括控制部52也会停止对马达30的供电。此处,SOC极限量例如为考虑电池40的劣化造成的电力量的变动量、混合动力车辆1中的动作所需的电力量而决定的SOC的量。
统括控制部52的具体控制将于后文叙述。
接着,对高效率范围的决定方法进行说明。
图3为说明一实施方式的高效率范围的决定方法的图。
首先,确定图3所示那样的、表示与发动机10中的发动机转速和输出扭矩相对应的发动机效率的发动机特性。该发动机特性可以通过使用发动机10或者与发动机10相同构成的发动机实际进行测定来加以确定。此外,确定表示马达30的转速与额定输出扭矩的关系的MOT额定输出线ML。该MOT额定输出线ML可以通过使用马达30或者与马达30相同结构的马达实际进行测定来加以确定。
然后,根据发动机特性来确定发动机效率最高的点EP(最高效率点)。
然后,根据MOT额定输出线ML来确定最高效率点EP上的发动机转速下的马达30的额定扭矩。然后,根据发动机特性来确定与确定出的马达30的额定扭矩相对应的发动机效率MP。
然后,根据确定出的发动机效率MP来决定高效率范围HE。此处,高效率范围HE可严格地设为发动机效率MP以上的范围也就是相对于发动机效率MP的等发动机效率线而言效率较高那一侧的范围,也可设为包含发动机效率MP附近的效率的范围。在采用包含发动机效率MP附近的效率的范围作为高效率范围HE的情况下,高效率范围HE的交界线EL可为简单的形状(直线、朝一方凸出的曲线等)。当将交界线EL设为简单的形状时,可以将确定高效率范围HE的信息设为简单的计算式。
在本实施方式中,将确定如此决定的高效率范围HE的信息存放在高效率范围信息存储部53中。
接着,对实施方式的混合动力车辆1的以HCM 50为中心执行的各种处理进行详细说明。
首先,对发电量测定处理进行说明。
图4为一实施方式的发电量测定处理的流程图。
发电量测定部51判定是否正通过马达30进行发电(步骤S11)。
结果,在马达30正在发电的情况下(步骤S11:是),发电量测定部51判定发动机10的动作状态(步骤S12)。具体而言,发电量测定部51根据输入至HCM 50的扭矩及发动机转速和高效率范围信息存储部53的信息,来判定发动机10的动作状态是处于低效率范围还是处于高效率范围、还是发动机10处于停止状态。
结果,在发动机10的状态处于低效率范围的情况下(步骤S12:低效率范围),发电量测定部51将这时由马达30发出的电力量加到发电量存储部54的低效率发电量中(步骤S13),使处理前进至步骤S11。
此外,在发动机10的状态处于高效率范围的情况下(步骤S12:高效率范围),发电量测定部51将这时由马达30发出的电力量加到发电量存储部54的高效率发电量中(步骤S14),使处理前进至步骤S11。
此外,在发动机10的状态为停止状态的情况下(步骤S12:停止状态),发电量测定部51将这时由马达30发出的电力量加到发电量存储部54的再生发电量中(步骤S15),使处理前进至步骤S11。
根据该发电量测定处理,可以将电池40中积蓄的电力量区分为低效率状态下发出的发电量、高效率状态下发出的发电量、以及通过再生发出的发电量来加以掌握。
接着,对混合动力控制处理进行说明。
图5为一实施方式的混合动力控制处理的流程图。
统括控制部52确定混合动力车辆1的行驶模式(步骤S20)。
此处,行驶模式例如有仅靠马达30来行驶的马达行驶(MOT行驶)模式和使用发动机10来行驶的发动机行驶(ENG行驶)模式,发动机行驶模式有接受马达30的驱动力的辅助的有辅助模式和不接受马达30的驱动力的辅助的无辅助模式。行驶模式可以根据从各种传感器等输入的车速、加速踏板开度、电池40的SOC等来加以确定。
然后,统括控制部52判定混合动力车辆1的行驶模式是否为马达行驶模式(步骤S21)。结果,在行驶模式为马达行驶模式的情况下(步骤S21:是),统括控制部52使处理前进至步骤S22,另一方面,在行驶模式不是马达行驶模式的情况下(步骤S21:否),即,在行驶模式为发动机行驶模式时,使处理前进至步骤S29。
在步骤S22中,统括控制部52判定发动机10的运转状态(此处为开动了发动机10的情况下设想的运转状态)是否在高效率范围HE外(也就是低效率范围内),在发动机10的运转状态不在高效率范围外的情况下(步骤S22:否),即,在发动机10的运转状态处于高效率范围内的情况下,由于该状态的发动机10的效率较佳,因此若使用发动机10的驱动力、通过马达30来进行充电,则效率较佳(燃油效率较佳),所以统括控制部52以将行驶模式变为发动机行驶模式的方式进行控制(步骤S23),使处理前进至步骤S20。具体而言,统括控制部52以开始马达30的发电的方式控制MCU 43,以使发动机10动作的方式控制ECU 44。
另一方面,在发动机10的运转状态在高效率范围外的情况下(步骤S22:是),统括控制部52判定低效率发电量是否为0(步骤S24)。
结果,在低效率发电量不为0的情况下(步骤S24:否),由于还剩有低效率发电量的电力,因此统括控制部52使马达行驶模式继续(步骤S25),使处理前进至步骤S20。
另一方面,在低效率发电量为0的情况下(步骤S24:是),统括控制部52判定混合动力车辆1是否为低车速(步骤S26)。
结果,在混合动力车辆1为低车速的情况下(步骤26:是),为了进行马达30下的行驶直至达到更高速为止,统括控制部52使马达行驶模式继续直至高效率发电量变为0为止(步骤S27),使处理前进至步骤S20。另一方面,在混合动力车辆1不是低车速的情况下(步骤26:否),统括控制部52以停止对马达30的供电(放电)的方式控制MCU43而停止马达行驶模式,并以使发动机10动作的方式控制ECU 44(步骤S28),使处理前进至步骤S20。
在步骤S29中,统括控制部52判定发动机行驶模式是否为有辅助模式。结果,在为有辅助模式的情况下(步骤S29:是),统括控制部52判定低效率发电量是否为0(步骤S30)。
结果,在低效率发电量不为0的情况下(步骤S30:否),由于还剩有低效率发电量的电力,因此统括控制部52使有辅助模式继续(步骤S31),使处理前进至步骤S20。
另一方面,在低效率发电量为0的情况下(步骤S30:是),统括控制部52判定混合动力车辆1是否为低车速(步骤S32)。再者,此处的低车速的基准速度例如也可为比步骤S26中的低车速的基准速度快的速度。
结果,在混合动力车辆1为低车速的情况下(步骤S32:是),为了进行马达30的辅助直至达到更高速为止,统括控制部52使有辅助模式继续直至高效率发电量变为0为止(步骤S33),使处理前进至步骤S20。另一方面,在混合动力车辆1不是低车速的情况下(步骤32:否),统括控制部52以停止对马达30的供电(放电)的方式控制MCU 43而停止有辅助模式(步骤S34),使处理前进至步骤S20。
另一方面,在通过步骤S29的判定得知不是有辅助模式的情况下(步骤S29:否),统括控制部52判定混合动力车辆1是否为低车速(步骤S35)。再者,此处的低车速的基准速度例如也可为比步骤S32中的低车速的基准速度快的速度。
结果,在混合动力车辆1不是低车速的情况下(步骤S35:否),统括控制部52以利用马达30进行发电的方式控制MCU 43,由此,在发动机10正以高效率动作时进行发电(步骤S36),使处理前进至步骤S20。另一方面,在混合动力车辆1为低车速的情况下(步骤35:是),统括控制部52以利用马达30进行发电的方式控制MCU 43,由此,在发动机10正以低效率动作时进行发电(步骤S37),使处理前进至步骤S20。
根据上述混合动力控制处理,可以将低效率发电量的电力用于马达行驶或者马达30的辅助,从而能够增加马达行驶的行驶距离、提高混合动力车辆1的加速性能等。此外,在如此利用低效率发电量的电力的情况下,电池40中得以确保可以积蓄相当于用掉的低效率发电量的电力量的空白容量(空き容量),因此,可以对该空白容量恰当地积蓄再生能量。
接着,对混合动力车辆的行驶状态的一例进行说明。
图6为说明一实施方式的混合动力车辆的行驶状态的一例的图。
在时刻t0混合动力车辆1的行驶开始时,统括控制部52采用马达行驶模式,仅通过马达30的驱动力使混合动力车辆1行驶。结果,电力从电池40供给至马达30,电池40的蓄电量逐渐降低。再者,此时,从低效率发电量中减去用掉的电力。
继而,当在时刻t1混合动力车辆1的车速达到规定速度(结束马达行驶模式的基准速度)时,统括控制部52切换至发动机行驶(有辅助)模式而起动发动机10,而且继续对马达30的供电。
继而,当在时刻t2低效率发电量变为0时,统括控制部52切换至发动机行驶(无辅助)模式而停止从电池40向马达30的供电。之后,统括控制部52通过马达30进行发电而向电池40积蓄电力。由于发动机10的状态是在低效率范围内动作,因此,这期间内由马达30发出的电力作为低效率发电量而被相加。该低效率发电量在之后的、进行马达30的辅助时或者进行马达行驶时等被供给至马达30。
其后,当在时刻t4以混合动力车辆1加速的方式由驾驶员进行了操作时(例如加速踏板开度增加时),统括控制部52切换至发动机行驶(有辅助)模式而开始对马达30的供电,执行马达30的辅助。再者,此时,从低效率发电量中减去用掉的电力。
例如,当在时刻t5以停止混合动力车辆1的加速的方式由驾驶员进行了操作时(例如加速踏板开度减少时),统括控制部52切换至发动机行驶(无辅助)模式而停止从电池40向马达30的供电。此时,由于发动机10的状态是在高效率范围内动作,因此,统括控制部52通过马达30进行发电而向电池40积蓄电力。这期间内由马达30发出的电力作为高效率发电量而被相加。
其后,当在时刻t6以使混合动力车辆1减速的方式由驾驶员进行了操作时(例如使加速踏板开度进一步减少或者踩踏制动踏板时),统括控制部52切换至再生模式,以通过ECU 44使发动机10停止并切断离合器12、而且通过MCU 43使马达30利用来自驱动轮19、20的驱动力进行发电的方式进行控制。由此,混合动力车辆1的动能(驱动轮19、20的驱动力)作为再生能量被回收,混合动力车辆1的车速降低,在时刻t7变为0。这期间内由马达30发出的电力积蓄至电池40。这期间内由马达30发出的电力作为再生发电量而被相加。
其后,在混合动力车辆1提高速度而恢复行驶的情况下,统括控制部52采用马达行驶模式,仅靠马达30的驱动力使混合动力车辆1行驶。
如上所述,在本实施方式的混合动力车辆1中,将低效率发电量的电力用于马达行驶(时刻t0~t1)或者马达30的辅助(时刻t1~t2、时刻t4~t5),因此,可以在电池40中有效地确保积蓄再生能量用的空白容量。此外,在使用低效率发电量的电力的另一方面,在发动机10的状态正在高效率范围内动作的情况(时刻t5~)下通过马达30来进行发电,因此,能以高效率进行电力向电池40的积蓄,从而能实现燃油效率的提高。
接着,对多种情形下的混合动力车辆的行驶状态的例子进行说明。
图7为说明一实施方式的多种情形下的混合动力车辆的行驶状态的例子的图。图7的(a)展示了电池40的SOC相同但低效率发电量较少的情形(情形1)、低效率发电量较多的情形(情形)、以及没有像本实施方式这样管理低效率发电量的情形(情形3)相关的初始的SOC的状态。图7的(b)展示了车速变化。图7的(c)展示了情形1~3中的车辆行驶时的马达的动作状态。图7的(d)展示了情形1~情形3中的车辆行驶时的SOC的变化。图7的(e)展示了情形1及情形2中的低效率发电量的变化。
如图7的(a)所示,在情形1中,电池40的SOC当中,再生发电量超过了SOC极限量。在情形2中,电池40的SOC当中,再生发电量未超过SOC极限量。情形2的低效率发电量比情形1的低效率发电量多。在情形3中,对于电池40的SOC没有分类为低效率发电量、高效率发电量及再生发电量来进行管理。
在情形1中,如图7的(c)所示,从混合动力车辆1的马达行驶结束的时刻t11到像图7的(e)所示那样低效率发电量变为0为止的时刻t12进行马达30的辅助,从时刻t12到时刻t14通过马达30来进行发电。继而,从时刻t14起通过马达30来进行再生。根据该再生,可以像图7的(d)所示那样使电池40的SOC提高电力量P1程度。
在情形2中,如图7的(c)所示,从混合动力车辆1的马达行驶结束的时刻t11到像图7的(e)所示那样低效率发电量变为0为止的时刻t13进行马达30的辅助,从时刻t13到时刻t14通过马达30来进行发电。继而,从时刻t14起通过马达30来进行再生。根据该再生,可以像图7的(d)所示那样使电池40的SOC上升电力量P2程度。
在情形3中,如图7的(c)所示,从混合动力车辆1的马达行驶结束的时刻t11到时刻t14通过马达30来进行发电。继而,从时刻t14起通过马达30来进行再生。根据该再生,可以像图7的(d)所示那样使电池40的SOC上升电力量P3程度。
情形2的低效率发电量比情形1多,因此如图7的(c)所示,能进行辅助的时间较长,由此,可以提高这期间的混合动力车辆1的加速性能。
此外,在情形1及情形2中,如图7的(d)所示,能够回收比情形3多的电力量。此外,在情形2中,能够回收比情形1多的电力量。
接着,对变形例的混合动力车辆的HCM进行说明。再者,变形例的混合动力车辆的构成与上述实施方式的混合动力车辆相同,因此,为方便起见使用上述实施方式的说明中用过的附图、符号等来进行说明。
变形例的HCM 50与上述实施方式的HCM 50在马达30的发电的控制上不一样。下面,针对变形例的HCM 50以不同点为中心进行说明。
图8为说明变形例的发电控制的图。
在电池40的SOC大于规定的第1阈值的情况下,HCM 50的统括控制部52仅在发动机10的动作状态处于图8所示的最佳燃油效率线OL上或其附近时控制MCU 43来执行马达30的发电,在这以外的动作状态下不执行马达30的发电。因而,一方面能将燃油效率维持在最佳量、另一方面能高效地向电池40积蓄电力。
此外,在电池40的SOC为规定的第1阈值以下、第2阈值以上的情况下,统括控制部52仅在发动机10的动作状态处于高效率范围HE时控制MCU 43来执行马达30的发电,在这以外的动作状态下不执行马达30的发电。因而,一方面能相对较高地维持燃油效率、另一方面能促进电力向电池40的积蓄。
此外,在电池40的SOC低于规定的第2阈值的情况下,统括控制部52不仅在发动机10的动作状态处于高效率范围HE时、在处于这以外的低效率范围时也控制MCU 43来执行马达30的发电。因而,能够促进电力向电池40的积蓄。
再者,本发明不限定于上述的实施方式及变形例,可以在不脱离本发明的宗旨的范围内酌情进行变形来加以实施。
例如,在上述实施方式中,作为需要驱动马达30的情况下的统括控制部52的动作,也可为:在车速为第1速度设定值以下的情况下,将电池40的电力供给至马达30直至低效率发电量变为0为止,在低效率发电量为0而且车速为第2设定速度以下(第2设定速度<第1设定速度)的情况下,将电池40的电力供给至马达30直至高效率发电量变为0为止,在低效率发电量及高效率发电量为0而且车速为第3设定速度以下(第3设定速度<第2设定速度)的情况下,将电池40的电力供给至马达30直至电池40的SOC变为SOC极限值为止。如此一来,在低效率发电量不足的情况下,可以使用高效率发电量来提升车速。
此外,在上述实施方式中,如步骤S22所示,在马达行驶中发动机10的设想的动作状态处于高效率范围内的情况下,是立即切换至发动机行驶模式,但本发明并不限于此,也可为:即便在发动机10的设想的动作状态处于高效率范围内的情况下,在低效率发电量变为0之前的期间内也维持马达行驶模式。
此外,在上述实施方式中,是使用离合器12作为发动机10与变速器14之间的动力传递机构,但本发明并不限于此,也可配备变矩器作为动力传递机构,总之,只要是能切换传递发动机10与变速器14之间的驱动力的状态与切断或减少驱动力的状态的动力传递机构,都是可以的。
此外,在上述实施方式中,也可利用硬件电路来进行由HCM 50的CPU进行的处理的一部分或全部。此外,也可将HCM 50配备的发电量测定部51、统括控制部52、高效率范围信息存储部53、发电量存储部54中的至少一方配备在混合动力车辆1的其他装置(ECU44、TCU45、MCU 43等)中。
此外,在上述实施方式中,是设为将发动机10的输出轴与马达30的输出轴配置在分开的位置、并经由齿轮以可以传递动力的方式将各方加以连接的构成,但本发明并不限于此,例如,也可将发动机10的输出轴与马达30的输出轴同轴配置而加以连接。
符号说明
1…混合动力车辆、10…发动机、12…离合器、30…马达、40…电池、50…HCM、51…发电量测定部、52…统括控制部、53…高效率范围信息存储部、54…发电量存储部。
Claims (10)
1.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,所述混合动力车辆具备:发动机;驱动轮,其能够传递所述发动机的驱动力;马达,其能够传递来自所述发动机的驱动力,而且能够与所述驱动轮之间传递驱动力;以及电池,其供给驱动所述马达的电力,而且积蓄由所述马达发出的电力,该混合动力车辆的控制装置的特征在于,具备:
效率范围信息存储部,其存储确定所述发动机的发动机特性中的所述发动机的发动机效率相对较高的第1效率范围的信息;
发电量测定部,在所述发动机正在脱离了所述第1效率范围的、发动机效率比所述第1效率范围低的第2效率范围内动作的情况下,所述发电量测定部测定由所述马达发出并积蓄至所述电池的电力量即第2效率范围发电量;以及
电力控制部,在需要供给驱动所述马达的电力的情况下,所述电力控制部以将所述第2效率范围发电量的电力从所述电池供给至所述马达的方式进行控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
在需要供给驱动所述马达的电力的情况下,所述电力控制部以对所述马达供给电力直至所述电池中的所述第2效率范围发电量的电力耗尽为止或者所述电池的电力变为最低必需量为止的方式进行控制。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所谓需要供给驱动所述马达的电力的情况,是仅靠所述马达使所述混合动力车辆行驶的情况、或者为了辅助所述发动机的驱动力而输出所述马达的驱动力的情况。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
在所述发动机正在所述第1效率范围内动作的情况下,所述发电量测定部测定由所述马达发出并积蓄至所述电池的电力量即第1效率范围发电量,
在需要供给驱动所述马达的电力的情况下,所述电力控制部以如下方式进行控制:在即便消耗了所述第2效率范围发电量的所有电力、也无法使所述混合动力车辆达到规定状态的情况下,会将所述第1效率范围发电量的电力供给至所述马达。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所述第1效率范围根据与和所述发动机的转速及所述发动机的输出扭矩相对应的发动机效率相关的发动机特性中的等发动机效率线来决定。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所述第1效率范围是所述发动机特性中的规定的发动机效率以上的范围。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所述第1效率范围根据与和所述发动机的转速及所述发动机的输出扭矩相对应的发动机效率相关的发动机特性中的、与对应于发动机效率最高的点即最高效率点上的发动机转速的马达的额定扭矩一致的发动机扭矩下的发动机效率来决定。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所述混合动力车辆在所述发动机与所述马达之间还配备有动力传递机构,所述动力传递机构能够进行所述发动机与所述马达之间的驱动力的传递以及切断或减少,
所述电力控制部通过所述动力传递机构使得所述发动机与所述马达之间能够传递驱动力,借助所述发动机的驱动力、通过所述马达来发出电力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
在所述发动机正在所述第1效率范围内动作的情况下,所述电力控制部借助所述发动机的驱动力、通过所述马达来发出电力。
10.一种混合动力车辆,其具备:发动机;驱动轮,其能够传递所述发动机的驱动力;马达,其能够传递来自所述发动机的驱动力,而且能够与所述驱动轮之间传递驱动力;电池,其供给驱动所述马达的电力,而且积蓄由所述马达发出的电力;以及控制装置,该混合动力车辆的特征在于,
所述控制装置具备:
效率范围信息存储部,其存储确定所述发动机的发动机特性中的所述发动机的发动机效率相对较高的第1效率范围的信息;
发电量测定部,在所述发动机正在脱离了所述第1效率范围的、发动机效率比所述第1效率范围低的第2效率范围内动作的情况下,所述发电量测定部测定由所述马达发出并积蓄至所述电池的电力量即第2效率范围发电量;以及
电力控制部,在需要供给驱动所述马达的电力的情况下,所述电力控制部以将所述第2效率范围发电量的电力从所述电池供给至所述马达的方式进行控制。
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