CN110284086B - Method for eliminating segregation of crystalline phase in cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy - Google Patents
Method for eliminating segregation of crystalline phase in cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystalline phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloyThe method comprises the step of sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, deformation treatment and solid solution aging treatment on the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation. The invention effectively eliminates the as-cast segregation structure in the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, so that Al2Cu tissues and primary T phases are uniformly dispersed and distributed, and the tissues are refined; the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy are all improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal forming, and relates to a method for eliminating segregation of a crystalline phase in cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy.
Background
In the field of equipment manufacturing, high-performance cast aluminum alloy plays an important role in realizing light weight of parts. The Al-Cu-Mn series cast alloy has good mechanical property and machining property as a high-strength aluminum alloy, is applied to the fields of aerospace, ships, weapons, machinery and the like, and is mainly used as a structural member bearing large load and a heat-resistant part. However, the AL-Cu-Mn series alloy has a wide crystallization temperature range, is solidified in a pasty mode, has poor fluidity and large hot cracking tendency, is difficult to timely supplement and shrink in the later solidification period, is easy to generate defects such as crystalline phase segregation, shrinkage porosity, cracks and the like, and restricts the wide application of the Al-Cu-Mn series alloy in high-performance mechanical parts.
Because the crystallization interval of the Al-Cu-Mn alloy is wider in the cooling crystallization process, a dendritic crystal network framework is formed firstly in the solidification process, the pore parts of the network framework are filled with eutectic liquid with low melting point left in the later period, the distribution is uneven, and eutectic segregation is formed after cooling. Meanwhile, in the casting forming process, due to the fact that the external dimension difference of a casting or the thickness of a pouring wall is large, the local temperature difference is large during solidification, and in addition, the alloy is solidified in a pasty mode, macro segregation is easy to generate. Usually, the segregation is in the form of point segregation, linear segregation, or band segregation. The segregation defect is difficult to avoid by adjusting from the casting process and the smelting process, and the problem of the segregation defect cannot be fundamentally solved.
In order to reduce and eliminate the segregation of the crystalline phase in the aluminum-copper alloy, the skilled worker has done a lot of work in the casting and smelting processes, and has also controlled the appearance of the segregation phenomenon by heat treatment. For example, Chinese patent (a homogenization heat treatment process for eliminating cast crystal phase of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Mn alloy, application No. 2016109863. X, application No. 2016-10-31, publication No. CN106399883B, publication No. 2018-02-13) discloses a homogenization heat treatment process for eliminating cast crystal phase of ALCu-Mg-Si-Mn alloy; chinese patent (heat treatment method for controlling Mn-containing phase in Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy to be dispersed and precipitated evenly, application No. 201510697239.3, application date: 2015-10-23, publication No. CN105239029B, publication date: 2017-12-08) discloses a heat treatment method for controlling Mn-containing phase in Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy to be dispersed and precipitated evenly; chinese patent (a high-pressure homogenization treatment method for eliminating 7000 series aluminum alloy ingot casting crystal phase, application number: 200710022272.1, application date: 2007-05-11, publication number: CN100510150C, publication date: 2009-07-08) discloses a high-pressure homogenization heat treatment method for eliminating 7000 series aluminum alloy ingot casting crystal phase. However, the above patents mainly aim at eliminating segregation phase and homogenizing eutectic phase in wrought aluminum-copper alloy, and do not relate to elimination of eutectic phase segregation in cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy and improvement of toughness of aluminum-copper-manganese alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystalline phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, which effectively eliminates the segregation of a eutectic phase in the casting process of a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank and improves the toughness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for eliminating the segregation of the crystalline phase in the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks;
step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank;
and 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5-6.5% of Cu4.3-0.5% of Mn0.3-0.5%, 0.1-0.4% of Ti0.1-0.3% of Zr0.05-0.3% of V, and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The thickness of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank formed by casting is 30-40 mm.
Step 1 specifically, heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 490-510 ℃, preserving heat for 20-24 hours, and cooling with water at room temperature to obtain a homogenized blank.
And heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank by using a resistance heating furnace at a heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min.
And 2, specifically, heating the homogenized blank to 440-460 ℃, and carrying out plastic deformation with the deformation amount of 10-20% to obtain a deformed blank.
Step 3, specifically, heating the deformed blank to 535-540 ℃, preserving heat for 10-12 hours, and carrying out water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 170-180 ℃, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, and air cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The heating speed of the deformed blank is less than or equal to 30 ℃/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for eliminating the segregation of the crystalline phase in the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, the homogenization treatment, the deformation treatment and the solid solution aging treatment are sequentially carried out on the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank, so that the eutectic phase segregation in the casting process of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is effectively eliminated, and the toughness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy is improved. Wherein, the homogenization treatment effectively reduces the cast segregation structure in the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy through diffusion, so that the material elements have uniform performance; the deformation treatment enables the internal structure of the blank to be refined, and partial residual segregation structure is further broken and reduced under the action of external force and is distributed in a dispersion way; the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy is strengthened by solution aging treatment, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the alloy are improved. Compared with the conventional heat treatment process, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the tensile strength is improved by about 10%, the yield strength is improved by about 18%, and the elongation is improved by about 70%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 500-fold metallographic structure of an aluminum-copper-manganese alloy cast and formed in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the metallographic structure (500 times) of a homogenized ingot in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing a metallographic structure (500 times) of a deformed ingot in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a metallographic structure (500 times) of a cast Al-Cu-Mn alloy ingot in which segregation of a crystal phase was eliminated in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystal phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks:
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5-6.5% of Cu4.3-0.5% of Mn0.3-0.5%, 0.1-0.4% of Ti0.1-0.3% of Zr0.1-0.3% of V0.05-0.3% of Al in balance, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, and the thickness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is 30-40 mm.
Heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank by using a resistance heating furnace at a heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min to 490-510 ℃, preserving heat for 20-24 h, and cooling with water at room temperature to obtain a homogenized blank.
Step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank:
and heating the homogenized blank to 440-460 ℃, and performing plastic deformation with the deformation amount of 10-20% to obtain a deformed blank.
Step 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation:
heating the deformed blank to 535-540 ℃ at a heating speed of less than or equal to 30 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 10-12 hours, and carrying out water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 170-180 ℃, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, and air cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The method for eliminating the eutectic phase segregation in the casting process of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank effectively eliminates the eutectic phase segregation in the casting process of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank by carrying out homogenization treatment, deformation treatment and solid solution aging treatment on the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank. The action principle of each treatment process is as follows:
1) homogenizing: the homogenization treatment can obviously improve the phenomena of dendritic crystal segregation, element agglomeration and the like of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, and ensure that the alloy has good forming and using performance. According to the characteristics of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, the phenomena of uneven matrix solid solution components, intracrystalline segregation, precipitation of various unbalanced eutectics and the like in the initial as-cast alloy inevitably exist, and the unbalanced structures can obviously reduce the formability of the alloy and seriously limit the use of the alloy. The homogenization treatment eliminates or reduces the structural state that the intragranular components are not uniform and deviate from balance under the actual crystallization condition through diffusion, so that the performance of the elements in the material is uniform, and the preparation is made for subsequent processing.
2) Deformation treatment:
hard and brittle phases in aluminium-copper-manganese alloys, such as Al2Cu, primary T (Al)12CuMn2) The equal particles are broken into smaller particles under the action of external force in the deformation process, and the boundaries of the particles are distributed along the extrusion deformation direction and are straight and triangular or quadrilateral. These tips may crack the aluminum matrix during the deformation phase resulting in a reduction of the mechanical properties of the material. After homogenization treatment, deformation treatment is carried out to obtain Al2Cu and primary T are equal, further reduced, and grain size is refined.
3) Solid solution aging treatment:
the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy is a heat treatment strengthening alloy, after solution treatment, a strengthening phase in the alloy can be fully dissolved in an alloy matrix to form a metastable structure which is extremely unstable, and the unstable structure can cause remarkable reduction of mechanical property.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystal phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks:
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu4.55 percent, Mn0.35 percent, Ti0.11 percent, Zr0.14 percent, V0.06 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent, and the thickness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is 30 mm.
Heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 490 ℃ at a heating speed of 5 ℃/min by adopting a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 20h, and cooling by water at room temperature to obtain a homogenized blank.
Step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank:
the homogenized blank was heated to 440 ℃ to undergo plastic deformation with a deformation amount of 10% to obtain a deformed blank.
Step 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation:
heating the deformed blank to 535 ℃ at a heating speed of 30 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10 hours, and carrying out water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 170 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and air-cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation obtained in the embodiment has uniform and fine structure and is a segregation-free blank.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystal phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks:
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu5.48 percent, Mn0.43 percent, Ti0.17 percent, Zr0.16 percent, V0.15 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent, the thickness of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank formed by casting is 35mm, and the cast metallographic structure (500 times) is shown in figure 1.
Heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 500 ℃ at a heating speed of 8 ℃/min by adopting a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 22h, and cooling at room temperature by water to obtain a homogenized blank, wherein the metallographic structure (500 times) of the homogenized blank is shown in figure 2.
Step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank:
the homogenized material was heated to 450 ℃ and subjected to plastic deformation with a deformation amount of 15% to obtain a deformed material, and a metallographic structure (500-fold) thereof is shown in fig. 3.
Step 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation:
heating the deformed blank to 538 ℃ at a heating speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 11 hours, and performing water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
the water-cooled blank is heated to 175 ℃, kept warm for 7 hours and cooled in air, so as to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank without the segregation of the crystalline phase, and the metallographic structure (500 times) of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is shown in figure 4.
As can be seen by comparing FIGS. 1 to 4, the grain size is reduced from the original average grain size of about 60 μm to the average grain size of about 30 μm, and the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy billet with the eliminated segregation of the crystalline phase obtained in this example has a uniform and fine structure and is a segregation-free billet.
Example 3
The embodiment of the method for eliminating the segregation of the crystal phase in the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks:
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6.48 percent, Mn0.45 percent, Ti0.38 percent, Zr0.25 percent, V0.27 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent, and the thickness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is 40 mm.
Heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 510 ℃ at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min by adopting a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 24h, and cooling by water at room temperature to obtain a homogenized blank.
Step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank:
and heating the homogenized blank to 460 ℃, and performing plastic deformation with the deformation amount of 20% to obtain a deformed blank.
Step 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation:
heating the deformed blank to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of less than or equal to 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, and carrying out water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and air-cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation obtained in the embodiment has uniform and fine structure and is a segregation-free blank.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystal phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks:
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu4.5 percent, Mn0.5 percent, Ti0.1 percent, Zr0.3 percent, V0.3 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent, and the thickness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is 32 mm.
Heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 495 ℃ at a heating speed of 8 ℃/min by adopting a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 21h, and cooling at room temperature by water to obtain a homogenized blank.
Step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank:
the homogenized billet was heated to 455 ℃ to undergo plastic deformation with a deformation amount of 14% to obtain a deformed billet.
Step 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation:
heating the deformed blank to 537 ℃ at a heating speed of 22 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 11 hours, and carrying out water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 175 ℃, preserving the heat for 7 hours, and air-cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation obtained in the embodiment has uniform and fine structure and is a segregation-free blank.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for eliminating the segregation of a crystal phase in a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blanks to obtain homogenized blanks:
the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6.5 percent, Mn0.3 percent, Ti0.4 percent, Zr0.3 percent, V0.05 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent, and the thickness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is 37 mm.
Heating the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 505 ℃ at a heating speed of 7 ℃/min by adopting a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 23h, and cooling by water at room temperature to obtain a homogenized blank.
Step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank:
the homogenized blank was heated to 444 ℃ to undergo plastic deformation with a deformation amount of 18%, to obtain a deformed blank.
Step 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation:
heating the deformed blank to 540 ℃ at a heating speed of 26 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10 hours, and performing water cooling at room temperature to obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 173 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and air-cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
The cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystallization phase segregation obtained in the embodiment has uniform and fine structure and is a segregation-free blank.
Claims (5)
1. A method for eliminating the segregation of crystalline phases in cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to obtain a homogenized blank, wherein the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5-6.5% of Cu4.3-0.5% of Mn0.3-0.5%, 0.1-0.4% of Ti0.1-0.3% of Zr0.1-0.3% of V0.05-0.3% of the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the step 1 specifically comprises the steps of heating a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank to 490-510 ℃, preserving heat for 20-24 hours, and cooling with water at room temperature to obtain a homogenized blank;
step 2, carrying out deformation treatment on the homogenized blank to obtain a deformed blank;
the step 2 is specifically that the homogenized blank is heated to 440-460 ℃ to perform plastic deformation with the deformation amount of 10-20% to obtain a deformed blank;
and 3, carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the deformed blank to obtain a cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
2. The method for eliminating the segregation of the crystal phase in the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is 30-40 mm.
3. The method for eliminating the segregation of the crystalline phase in the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy according to claim 1, wherein the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank is heated by a resistance heating furnace at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min.
4. The method for eliminating the segregation of the crystalline phase in the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 is specifically to heat the deformed blank to 535-540 ℃, preserve the temperature for 10-12 hours, cool the deformed blank at room temperature and obtain a water-cooled blank;
and heating the water-cooled blank to 170-180 ℃, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, and air cooling to obtain the cast aluminum-copper-manganese alloy blank for eliminating the crystal phase segregation.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the deformed ingot is heated at a rate of 30 ℃/min or less.
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