CN110283316B - 一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110283316B
CN110283316B CN201811629474.7A CN201811629474A CN110283316B CN 110283316 B CN110283316 B CN 110283316B CN 201811629474 A CN201811629474 A CN 201811629474A CN 110283316 B CN110283316 B CN 110283316B
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张飞豹
王从焕
吕素芳
蒋剑雄
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机化工材料制备领域,为解决目前农业增效剂功能单一,使用困难,混配效果较差,药效易降低或丧失等问题,本发明提出了一种新的有机硅增效剂的制备方法,在惰性气体保护下,向反应器中加入含氢硅油,端乙烯基增效醚,催化剂等,在100℃~180℃下反应3~12h,冷却至室温,即可得到有机硅增效剂。本发明反应条件易实现,操作简单,无溶剂反应,而且合成的有机硅增效剂可进一步复配成不同功能的产品。

Description

一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化工产品领域,具体涉及一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法。
背景技术
农药增效剂是与农药混合使用的添加剂,本身不具备农药活性,但与相应的农药复配时,能够提高或改善有效成分的物理或化学性质,同时具有延缓有害生物的抗性、提高防效、降低成本、延长使用寿命、减少农药对环境的污染等重要作用。目前增效剂按其作用机理的不同大致可以分为两大类,内增效剂和外增效剂。内增效剂以增效醚为代表,主要是抑制或弱化防治对象对农药活性的解毒作用,延缓药剂在防治对象内的代谢速度,从而增加生物防效,其多为害虫体内羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶GST等酶系的抑制剂。外增效剂以有机硅农药增效剂为代表,当其与相应的农药混用时,能明显改善其润湿、展布、分散、滞留和渗透性能,减少喷雾药液随风(气流)漂移,防止或减轻对邻近敏感作物等的损害,利于药液在叶面铺展及黏附、减少紫外线对农药制剂中有效成分的分解,达到延长药效有效期,提高其生物活性,减少用量,降低成本,保护生态环境的目的。
然而,这两类增效剂在使用过程中也暴露出一些问题,如内增效剂一般为油溶性化合物,在使用时需使用大量的乳化剂制成乳液,大量的乳化剂会污染环境,而且乳化剂的浊点低,高温稳定性差,贮存和使用过程中易产生漂油,发生水解分解等变化。外增效剂多为有机表面活性剂、渗透剂和润湿剂等。而由于上述的各种助剂的表面张力大多在25mN/m以上,其增效效果都不是十分明显,同时这些助剂有些有一定的毒性,所以人们在一直探索高效低毒的农药助剂。目前,针对上述问题的解决技术已经有了一些报导,常见的做法是将不同功能的增效剂进行混配,以提高使用效果。然而,混配增效剂的作用效力与所复配的增效剂品种有关,并非在制剂中随意加功能性增效剂后均能增效。有些混配可能产生负面影响,如增效剂之间物化性能差异太大,导致制剂破乳、分散变差、悬浮率降低、发生水解分解等变化。在药效方面的负作用如毒性增加、药效降低或丧失等。
发明内容
为解决目前增效剂功能单一,使用困难,混配效果较差,药效易降低或丧失等问题,本发明提出了一种新的有机硅增效剂的制备方法,反应条件易实现,操作简单,有利于降低成本,而且产品兼具有增效醚与有机硅增效剂的特点。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法为:在惰性气体保护下,向反应器中加入含氢硅油,端乙烯基增效醚和催化剂,在100℃~180℃下反应3~12h,冷却至室温,即可得到有机硅增效剂。
普通有机硅聚醚是外增效剂,通过降低表面张力,使得药液尽可能扩散,以便达到增效的目的。而增效醚是内增效剂,通过抑制或弱化防治对象对农药活性的解毒作用,延缓药剂在防治对象内的代谢速度,从而增加生物防效,其多为害虫体内羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶GST等酶系的抑制剂。本发明通过化学的方法,将增效醚与有机硅增效剂有机结合起来,达到的效果并不是简单的叠加,而是起到了增效的作用。
所述的有机硅增效剂结构式如(I)所示:
Figure BDA0001927371100000021
式中:m=1~100。
所述含氢硅油为单端含氢硅油,粘度为50-1000mPa·s。
所述端乙烯基增效醚的结构式如(II)所示:
Figure BDA0001927371100000022
端乙烯基增效醚的乙烯基摩尔含量与含氢硅油的硅氢摩尔含量之比为1∶1~1.3。
所述催化剂为卡斯特催化剂,优选为氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,铂的有效含量为3000-10000ppm。
反应结构式为:
Figure BDA0001927371100000023
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明反应不需苛刻的反应环境,无需溶剂,反应条件易实现,操作简单,有利于降低成本;
(2)合成的化合物兼具有增效醚与有机硅增效剂的特点,混配效果较好,药效不易降低或丧失。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,应理解,本发明的具体实施例只用于说明本发明而不是限制本发明。在不脱离本发明技术思想的情况下,根据本领域的基础知识及惯用手段所进行的改进均属于本发明的范围。
实施例中所用原料均可市购或采用常规方法制备。
实施例1
在具有氮气保护装置的,500L反应釜中加入168Kg端乙烯基增效醚,含Pt量为1.7g氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,温度控制在100℃,慢慢加入111Kg粘度为50mpa·s的含氢硅油,加入过程约2-3小时,继续搅拌反应5h,冷却至室温,得到澄清透明的有机硅增效剂约279Kg。
实施例2
在具有氮气保护装置的,500L反应釜中加入168Kg端乙烯基增效醚,含Pt量为1g氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,温度控制在130℃,慢慢加入186Kg粘度为100mpa·s的含氢硅油,加入过程约2-3小时,继续搅拌反应3h,冷却至室温,得到澄清透明的有机硅增效剂约354Kg。
实施例3
在具有氮气保护装置的,500L反应釜中加入85Kg端乙烯基增效醚,含Pt量为3g铂氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,温度控制在120℃,慢慢加入250Kg粘度为1000mPa·s的含氢硅油,加入过程约2-3小时,继续搅拌反应8h,冷却至室温,得到澄清透明的有机硅增效剂约335Kg。
实施例4
在具有氮气保护装置的,500L反应釜中加入11Kg端乙烯基增效醚,含Pt量为1g氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,温度控制在150℃,慢慢加入250Kg粘度为500mPa·s的含氢硅油,加入过程约2-3小时,继续搅拌反应5h,冷却至室温,得到澄清透明的有机硅增效剂约260Kg。
实施例5
在具有氮气保护装置的,500L反应釜中加入22Kg端乙烯基增效醚,含Pt量为5g铂氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,温度控制在180℃,慢慢加入270Kg粘度为800mpa·s的含氢硅油,加入过程约2-3小时,继续搅拌反应6h,冷却至室温,得到澄清透明的有机硅增效剂约290Kg。
测试例
施药条件:在小菜蛾2-3日日龄期,每亩地用含量40%的毒死蜱乳油150mL+水75kg喷雾防治。对照试验采用本实施例1产品,市售增效醚、市购有机硅聚醚增效剂,与毒死蜱(40%乳油)按照10:1的比例配置,并加水稀释后使用。结果如表1所示:
表1:
Figure BDA0001927371100000041
通过实施例发现,本发明的产品在和毒死蜱乳液混配时,具有可以任意比例混溶,且分散性好,乳液稳定等优点。经农田施药发现,本实施例,增效醚和有机硅聚醚增效剂,均可对毒死蜱防治小菜蛾有明显的增效作用,施加本实施例产品后,从内增效与外增效综合角度上讲效果最佳,显著优于空白对照试验和其他增效剂产品。
最后还需注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例,显然本发明并不局限于上述实施例,还可以有很多操作组合。

Claims (4)

1.一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法为:在惰性气体保护下,向反应器中加入含氢硅油,端乙烯基增效醚,催化剂,100℃~180℃下反应3~12h,冷却至室温,即可得到有机硅增效剂;
所述含氢硅油为单端含氢硅油,粘度为50-1000mPa·s;
所述端乙烯基增效醚的结构式如(II)所示:
Figure 276547DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(II),
所述的有机硅增效剂结构式如(I)所示:
Figure 497444DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(I),
式中:m=1~100。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法,其特征在于,端乙烯基增效醚的乙烯基摩尔含量与含氢硅油的硅氢摩尔含量之比为1 :1~1.3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为卡斯特催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种有机硅增效剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物,其中,铂的有效含量为3000-10000ppm。
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Pt-Al/MCM-41催化剂的制备及催化合成有机硅增效剂;陈秀莹等;《无机化学学报》;20180502;第34卷(第5期);第933-941页 *

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