CN110272517B - 具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法及其应用 - Google Patents
具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法及其应用,所述合成方法步骤如下:步骤S1:一定量的水中,加入一定量的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球和高分子分散剂,充分搅拌均匀,然后真空和/或超声波辅助脱气处理1‑2h,添加一定量的丙烯酸搅拌均匀,温度控制在35‑45℃;步骤S2:加入一定量的氢氧化钠至步骤S1的体系中,边加边搅拌,控制反应过程温度65‑75℃;步骤S3:加入一定量的复合交联剂和引发剂,控制温度80‑90℃反应2‑3h形成半成品的高吸水性树脂胶体,所述复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA的混合物;步骤S4:步骤S3的高吸水性树脂胶体置于一定量的溶剂中漂洗1‑3次,混入一定量的纳米银抗菌剂,干燥至含水率低于3%,粉碎至一定粒径,磁性分离后即获得高吸水性树脂成品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法及其应用,属于高分子树脂合成技术领域。
背景技术
高吸水性树脂以其吸水倍数大,保水率高而广泛应用于日常生活与医疗卫生领域。高吸水性聚合物按其原料来源可分为三大类:淀粉系、纤维素系、合成聚合物系。淀粉原料来源广泛,种类多,产量大,但其水解时反应原料非常粘稠,操作和控制十分困难。天然纤维素的来源广,其分子上有很多的羟基可以与水亲和,再者纤维状的物质有许多的毛细管,表面积大,适合作为吸水材料,但其吸水能力有限,需要酯化、醚化处理后方能达到吸水性能的要求。合成聚合物系中单体种类繁多,利用同种单体均聚或者多种单体共聚都可以得到高吸水性树脂。
近些年以丙烯酸为单体的丙烯酸型高吸水性树脂的制备研究现有技术披露较多,此类树脂带有电离性基团——COONa的高分子电解质,具有轻度的交联结构,其制备方法主要有溶液法、反相悬浮法、反相乳液法和分散聚合法。其中溶液法实施简单,但产物的性状导致后处理工序复杂、能耗和成本高。反相悬浮法制备的树脂粒子粒径小,不需要粉碎处理,但纯度不高,影响了其工业化应用;反相乳液法制备的树脂粒子粒径你反相悬浮法制备的还小,粒径过小反而导致吸水性能下降,出现面团现象,吸水速率也显著降低,不适用于尿布的芯体,常规的分散法制备的树脂最大吸水倍数较小。
纸尿裤是一次性用品,使用后即可抛弃的产品。以无纺布、高分子吸水树脂、PE膜等材料制成,所述纸尿裤从结构上大致包括纸尿裤主体、分别纵向设于纸尿裤主体两侧的挡片,所述纸尿裤主体包括由上到下依次设置的面层、吸收芯体层以及底膜。芯体层被称为纸尿裤的心脏,不同芯体的纸尿裤品质差异巨大。芯体吸水性能的核心是高分子吸水树脂SAP的使用量及分布方式,芯体中含大量的SAP来保证纸尿裤的吸水量,吸水后整体膨胀。
现有技术中存在各种型号的高分子吸水树脂,部分已经成功应用于纸尿裤的芯体,但其仍存在如下不足:最大吸水倍数、吸水速率、锁水效果和避免出现面团现象这些对纸尿裤品质至关重要的要素难以均衡兼顾到。为此本发明提供一种新的粒径分布合理、后处理工艺简单以及最大吸水倍数、吸水速率、锁水效果能很好协调的用于尿裤芯体的高吸水性树脂的合成方法及其应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于解决现有技术的高分子吸水树脂最大吸水倍数、吸水速率、锁水效果和避免出现面团现象以及抗菌性能这些对纸尿裤品质至关重要的要素难以均衡兼顾到的不足,提供一种新的粒径分布合理、后处理工艺简单以及最大吸水倍数、吸水速率、锁水效果和抗菌效果能很好协调的具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种前述合成的高分子吸水树脂在纸尿裤芯体加工中的应用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法,所述合成方法步骤如下:
步骤S1:磁性有序介孔碳纳米球经过肼基修饰处理,肼基修饰处理的条件为:1-2g磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入80-100ml的pH7.3-7.5的PBS缓冲液中,加入10-20mg的HBA(3,4-二羟基苯甲醛)、10-20mg的EDC(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)和10-20mg的NHS(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺),避光条件下搅拌反应6-8h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可,其粒径为160-180nm,平均孔径4.2-4.8nm,其磁性Ms大于等于9.0emu/g;
步骤S2:一定量的水中,加入一定量的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球和高分子分散剂,充分搅拌均匀,然后真空和/或超声波辅助脱气处理1-2h,添加一定量的丙烯酸搅拌均匀,形成分散的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球丙烯酸反应液体系,体系温度控制在35-45℃;
步骤S3:加入一定量的氢氧化钠至步骤S2的体系中,边加边搅拌,控制反应过程温度65-75℃;
步骤S4:加入一定量的复合交联剂和引发剂,控制温度80-90℃反应2-3h形成半成品的高吸水性树脂胶体,所述复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA的混合物;
步骤S5:步骤S4的高吸水性树脂胶体置于一定量的溶剂中漂洗1-3次,然后干燥至含水率低于3%,粉碎至一定粒径,磁性分离后即获得高吸水性树脂成品。
本发明作为溶液法合成高分子吸水树脂方法的改进,加入了具有多孔道、孔径规则、比表面积大的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球作为载体,提高聚合反应的效率,产物高分子吸水树脂微球的性状均一、后处理工序简单。
正如前面所述,磁性有序介孔碳纳米球作为载体具有多孔道、孔径规则、比表面积大的特性,一方面吸附负载大量的丙烯酸,反应过程中随着反应进程的进行,浓度差的差异,部分又释放出来,促进反应稳定维持一定的速率,反应速率可控,避免反应温度急剧上升,也避免反应不均匀,产品品质差。另外,由于孔道之间的连通,聚合反应不可避免的在若干孔道之间架桥,形成立体网的结构,进一步提高微球的比表面积和储液能力。
本发明合成后期,加入了纳米银抗菌剂,实现高吸水性树脂的高效抗菌性能。
优选的,步骤S1中,磁性有序介孔碳纳米球还经过氨基化修饰处理,氨基化处理的条件为:1-2g肼基修饰处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入200-300ml的去离子中,加入20-30ml的硅烷偶联剂,pH调节至5.2-5.5,充分分散后于50-55℃且惰性气氛环境下反应1-3h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可。
优选的,所述步骤S2中,高分子分散剂选用水溶性葡聚糖和水不溶性葡聚糖的混合物,二者质量比为(4-6)∶1。葡聚糖作为大分子,分子间架桥形成,尤其是水不溶性的,形成的胶体,作为载体的载体,可以改善磁性有序介孔碳纳米球的分散效果,水溶性的葡聚糖与水不溶性的协调作用,从宏观的(不溶的大分子)和微观(水溶的大分子)形成分散、提高系统均一性的效果,另外,含有水溶性葡聚糖的高吸水性树脂微球还具有良好的锁水性能。
优选的,所述步骤S2中水、磁性有序介孔微纳米球、高分子分散剂和丙烯酸的质量比为(100-120)∶(5-7)∶(2-3)∶(60-80)。
优选的,所述步骤S3中氢氧化钠的添加量为丙烯酸质量的35-40%。
优选的,所述步骤S4中复合交联剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的4-8%,引发剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的0.5-4%。
优选的,所述步骤S4中复合交联剂为NMBA(N`N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)和PEGDA(聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯)按质量比1∶(8-9)的混合物,引发剂为三氯化铁-亚硫氢钠。其中NMBA可以控制产品的均一性和防止形成面团现场,PEGDA可以改善产品的吸水速率,二者以特定的比例协同作用,确保了高吸水性树脂微球的最大吸水倍数和上佳的吸水速率。
一种具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的应用,单独或与绒毛浆混合用于加工纸尿裤芯体。
优选的,与绒毛浆以质量比(3-4)∶(7-6)混合用于加工纸尿裤芯体。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明作为溶液法合成高分子吸水树脂方法的改进,加入了具有多孔道、孔径规则、比表面积大的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球作为载体,提高聚合反应的效率,产物高分子吸水树脂微球的性状均一、后处理工序简单。正如前面所述,磁性有序介孔碳纳米球作为载体具有多孔道、孔径规则、比表面积大的特性,一方面吸附负载大量的丙烯酸,反应过程中随着反应进程的进行,浓度差的差异,部分又释放出来,促进反应稳定维持一定的速率,反应速率可控,避免反应温度急剧上升,也避免反应不均匀,产品品质差。另外,由于孔道之间的连通,聚合反应不可避免的在若干孔道之间架桥,形成立体网的结构,进一步提高微球的比表面积和储液能力。另外,纳米银抗菌剂负载于微球内,具有缓释的抗菌功能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。
实施例1:
具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法,所述合成方法步骤如下:
步骤S1:磁性有序介孔碳纳米球经过肼基修饰处理,肼基修饰处理的条件为:1g磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入80ml的pH7.3的PBS缓冲液中,加入10mg的HBA、10mg的EDC和10mg的NHS,避光条件下搅拌反应6h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可,其粒径为160-170nm,平均孔径4.2-4.4nm,其磁性Ms大于等于9.0emu/g;
步骤S2:一定量的水中,加入一定量的步骤S1处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球和高分子分散剂,充分搅拌均匀,然后真空和/或超声波辅助脱气处理1h,添加一定量的丙烯酸搅拌均匀,形成分散的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球丙烯酸反应液体系,体系温度控制在35-37℃;
步骤S3:加入一定量的氢氧化钠至步骤S2的体系中,边加边搅拌,控制反应过程温度65-67℃;
步骤S4:加入一定量的复合交联剂和引发剂,控制温度80-85℃反应3h形成半成品的高吸水性树脂胶体,所述复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA的混合物;
步骤S5:步骤S4的高吸水性树脂胶体置于一定量的溶剂中漂洗1次,然后干燥至含水率低于3%,粉碎至一定粒径,磁性分离后即获得高吸水性树脂成品。
具体的说,所述步骤S2中,高分子分散剂选用水溶性葡聚糖和水不溶性葡聚糖的混合物,二者质量比为4∶1。
所述步骤S2中水、磁性有序介孔微纳米球、高分子分散剂和丙烯酸的质量比为100∶5∶2∶60。
所述步骤S3中氢氧化钠的添加量为丙烯酸质量的35%。
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的4%,引发剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的0.5%,所述步骤S4中复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA按质量比1∶8的混合物,引发剂为三氯化铁-亚硫氢钠。
实施例2
具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法,所述合成方法步骤如下:
步骤S1:磁性有序介孔碳纳米球经过肼基修饰处理,肼基修饰处理的条件为:2g磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入100ml的pH7.5的PBS缓冲液中,加入20mg的HBA、20mg的EDC和20mg的NHS,避光条件下搅拌反应8h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可,其粒径为170-180nm,平均孔径4.6-4.8nm,其磁性Ms大于等于9.0emu/g;
步骤S2:一定量的水中,加入一定量的步骤S1处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球和高分子分散剂,充分搅拌均匀,然后真空和/或超声波辅助脱气处理2h,添加一定量的丙烯酸搅拌均匀,形成分散的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球丙烯酸反应液体系,体系温度控制在42-45℃;
步骤S3:加入一定量的氢氧化钠至步骤S2的体系中,边加边搅拌,控制反应过程温度72-75℃;
步骤S4:加入一定量的复合交联剂和引发剂,控制温度86-90℃反应2h形成半成品的高吸水性树脂胶体,所述复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA的混合物;
步骤S5:步骤S4的高吸水性树脂胶体置于一定量的溶剂中漂洗3次,然后干燥至含水率低于3%,粉碎至一定粒径,磁性分离后即获得高吸水性树脂成品。
具体的说,步骤S1中,所述磁性有序介孔碳纳米球还经过氨基化修饰处理,氨基化处理的条件为:1g肼基化修饰处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入200ml的去离子水中,加入20ml的硅烷偶联剂,pH调节至5.2-5.3,充分分散后于50-52℃且惰性气氛环境下反应1-1.5h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可;
所述步骤S2中,高分子分散剂选用水溶性葡聚糖和水不溶性葡聚糖的混合物,二者质量比为6∶1。
所述步骤S2中水、磁性有序介孔微纳米球、高分子分散剂和丙烯酸的质量比为120∶7∶3∶80,所述步骤S3中氢氧化钠的添加量为丙烯酸质量的40%。
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的8%,引发剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的4%。
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA按质量比1∶9的混合物,引发剂为三氯化铁-亚硫氢钠。
实施例3
具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法,所述合成方法步骤如下:
步骤S1:磁性有序介孔碳纳米球经过肼基修饰处理,肼基修饰处理的条件为:1.5g磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入90ml的pH7.4的PBS缓冲液中,加入15mg的HBA、15mg的EDC和15mg的NHS,避光条件下搅拌反应7h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可,其粒径为170-180nm,平均孔径4.2-4.5nm,其磁性Ms大于等于9.0emu/g;
步骤S2:一定量的水中,加入一定量的步骤S1处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球和高分子分散剂,充分搅拌均匀,然后真空和/或超声波辅助脱气处理1.5h,添加一定量的丙烯酸搅拌均匀,形成分散的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球丙烯酸反应液体系,体系温度控制在40℃;
步骤S3:加入一定量的氢氧化钠至步骤S2的体系中,边加边搅拌,控制反应过程温度70-72℃;
步骤S4:加入一定量的复合交联剂和引发剂,控制温度85-88℃反应2.5h形成半成品的高吸水性树脂胶体,所述复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA的混合物;
步骤S5:步骤S4的高吸水性树脂胶体置于一定量的溶剂中漂洗2次,然后干燥至含水率低于3%,粉碎至一定粒径,磁性分离后即获得高吸水性树脂成品。
具体的说,步骤S1中,所述磁性有序介孔碳纳米球还经过氨基化修饰处理,氨基化处理的条件为:2g步骤S1肼基化处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入300ml的去离子水中,加入30ml的硅烷偶联剂,pH调节至5.3-5.5,充分分散后于53-55℃且惰性气氛环境下反应2-3h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可;
所述步骤S2中,高分子分散剂选用水溶性葡聚糖和水不溶性葡聚糖的混合物,二者质量比为5∶1。
所述步骤S2中水、磁性有序介孔微纳米球、高分子分散剂和丙烯酸的质量比为110∶6∶3∶50。
所述步骤S3中氢氧化钠的添加量为丙烯酸质量的38%。
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的6%,引发剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的2.5%。
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂为NMBA和PEGDA按质量比2∶17的混合物,引发剂为三氯化铁-亚硫氢钠。
实施例1-3的高吸水性树脂微球的吸水率和吸盐水率测试
1.测试方法:实施例1-3的高吸水性树脂微球均粉碎至100目,各取0.2g置于尼龙测试袋内,将测试袋置于去离子水、人工尿和质量分数0.9%的氯化钠水溶液中,常温下放置一定时间至达到吸附平衡,测试袋悬挂5-8min,充分去除多余的表面水,计算吸水率或吸盐水率:
X=(m2-m1)/ml,X为吸水倍数或吸盐水倍数或吸人工尿倍数,m2为吸液平衡后的树脂质量,m1为吸液前干树脂的质量。
实施例1、2和3的测试数据如下:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
吸水率(倍) | 518 | 522 | 533 |
吸人工尿(倍) | 70 | 72 | 80 |
吸盐(倍) | 86 | 90 | 93 |
丙烯酸单体含量 | 125ppm | 132ppm | 110ppm |
吸水平衡时间 | 14.2s | 12.5s | 8.8s |
2.锁水率测试:
称取一定量吸收饱和的高吸水性树脂微球置于烧杯中,室温下放置,24h、48h-、72h和144后分别测定树脂和烧杯质量,计算锁水率:
S=mO-(m1-m2)/m0*100%,其中m0为饱和吸水树脂的初始质量,m1为饱和吸水树脂与烧杯的质量,m2为蒸发后吸水树脂与烧杯质量和。
实施例1、2和3的测试数据如下:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
锁水率(24h) | 83.8% | 84.2% | 85.3% |
锁水率(48h) | 60.8% | 60.6% | 62.2% |
锁水率(72h) | 43.2% | 45.1% | 46.8% |
锁水率(144h) | 20.8% | 19.5% | 22.8% |
3.抗菌性能
本发明的高分子吸水树脂的抗菌性能,参考其应用领域:纸尿裤芯体的抗菌性能测试标准GB15979-1995的相关方法进行,抗菌性能完全符合相关生物学标准。对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到96%,抑菌作用,室温下能维持10-12个月。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (4)
1.具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法,其特征在于:所述合成方法步骤如下:
步骤S1:磁性有序介孔碳纳米球经过肼基修饰处理,肼基修饰处理的条件为:1-2g磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入80-100ml的pH7.3-7.5的磷酸盐缓冲液中,加入10-20mg的3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、10-20mg的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和10-20mg的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,避光条件下搅拌反应6-8h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可,其粒径为160-180nm,平均孔径4.2-4.8nm,其磁性Ms大于等于9.0emu/g;
步骤S2:水中加入磁性有序介孔碳纳米球和高分子分散剂,充分搅拌均匀,然后真空和/或超声波辅助脱气处理1-2h,添加丙烯酸搅拌均匀,形成分散的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球丙烯酸反应液体系,体系温度控制在35-45℃;
步骤S3:加入氢氧化钠至步骤S2的体系中,边加边搅拌,控制反应过程温度65-75℃;
步骤S4:加入复合交联剂和引发剂,控制温度80-90℃反应2-3h形成半成品的高吸水性树脂胶体,所述复合交联剂为N`N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯的混合物;
步骤S5:步骤S4的高吸水性树脂胶体置于一定量的溶剂中漂洗1-3次,然后混入一定量的纳米银抗菌剂,干燥至含水率低于3%,粉碎至一定粒径,磁性分离后即获得具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球;
所述步骤S2中,高分子分散剂选用水溶性葡聚糖和水不溶性葡聚糖的混合物,二者质量比为(4-6):1;
所述步骤S2中水、磁性有序介孔微纳米球、高分子分散剂和丙烯酸的质量比为(100-120):(5-7):(2-3):(60-80);
所述步骤S3中氢氧化钠的添加量为丙烯酸质量的35-40%;
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的4-8%,引发剂的添加量为丙烯酸质量的0.5-4%;
所述步骤S4中复合交联剂为N`N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯按质量比1:(8-9)的混合物,引发剂为三氯化铁-亚硫氢钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述磁性有序介孔碳纳米球还经过氨基化修饰处理,氨基化处理的条件为:1-2g肼基修饰处理后的磁性有序介孔碳纳米球加入200-300ml的去离子水中,加入20-30ml的硅烷偶联剂,pH调节至5.2-5.5,充分分散后于50-55℃且惰性气氛环境下反应1-3h,然后经磁性分离、洗涤和干燥即可。
3.一种权利要求1-2任意一项合成方法所合成的具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂微球的应用,其特征在于:单独或与绒毛浆混合用于加工纸尿裤芯体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:与绒毛浆以质量比(3-4):(7-6)混合用于加工纸尿裤芯体。
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