CN1102604C - 用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚 - Google Patents

用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚 Download PDF

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CN1102604C
CN1102604C CN98117668A CN98117668A CN1102604C CN 1102604 C CN1102604 C CN 1102604C CN 98117668 A CN98117668 A CN 98117668A CN 98117668 A CN98117668 A CN 98117668A CN 1102604 C CN1102604 C CN 1102604C
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韩官秀
张祐赫
金银技
李泰衡
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Abstract

一种用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚，用化学式(1)表示：式中X1、X2、X3和X4各单独选自由氢、氟、氯组成的组，Y1和Y2分别为氢或氟，Q1和Q2分别为氢或氯，A是选自如下一组：-O-、-S-、-P(OR)-、-C(CF3)2-、-(CF2)l-、-(CCl2)l-、-CO-及-SO2-(其中R是CF3-、CCl3-、C6F5-、C6Cl5-，l是1-8的一个整数)，m1是1或2，m2是0，1或2，n和k代表摩尔份数。该聚亚芳基醚具有优良的耐热性和薄膜加工性能及在光通讯波长范围内的光吸收损失较低。

Description

用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚
本发明是关于用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚，特别是关于用于生产光学通讯装置的聚亚芳基醚。
用于光学通讯的波长范围已从属于近红外光波长区的800nm移向1550nm。因此最好使用很少吸收属于近红外光波长区域光的材料来生产光学通讯装置。
一般说来，聚合物被用作光学基质，例如光学透镜或CD光盘(高密度光盘)。近年来正在研究使用这种聚合物作为近红外区内光传递的光学波导材料。
然而，常用的聚合物会吸收近红外区的1000-1700nm的光。聚合物对近红外光的如此吸收是由于烷基、苯基和其它类似功能团中的碳氢键(C-H)的伸缩振动和变形振动产生的高调谐波所引起的。因而，使用这样的聚合物作为利用近红外区光的光学波导材料会导致光传递的重大损失。为了减少光传递中的损失，聚合物的光吸收波长应当从近红外光的波长区移向更长的或更短的波长区。为了达到这一目的，有人提出将碳氢(C-H)键中的氢用氟(F)或重氢(D)取代的方法。
特别是，这种用重氢(D)替换C-H键中的氢的方法，不适宜利用1500nm的光用做光学通讯的材料，因为具有碳和重氢键(C-D)的材料将吸收大量1500nm的光。另一方面，用F代替氢的方法可极大地减少在波长区1000-1700nm光吸收的损失。
而且，用于生产光学器件如光—电子集成电路(OEIC)、光电子混合金属丝电路板(OEMWB)、杂混集成器件、塑料光学纤维或多芯片模块(MCM)等的光学材料，要求在250℃能持续至少30分钟的热稳定性。由于光学材料的这样的耐热性非常重要，所以，这种光学材料的玻璃化转变温度、热分解温度、热膨胀系数及双折射指数都应仔细地加以考虑。
聚酰亚胺是一种广为人知的具有优良耐热性的聚合物。由于聚酰亚胺能够在高温下如大约400℃耐热，所以人们正在以很大的努力设法利用聚酰亚胺作为光学通讯材料。
然而，一般来说聚酰亚胺在其分子中有许多C-H键，所以在近红外区的光吸收损失是相当大的。为了解决这一问题，将聚酰亚胺其C-H键的氢部分或全部用氟取代已有报道。聚酰亚胺其氢部分地被氟替代显示出光吸收损失在1310nm处大约为0.1dB/cm，而其中氢全部被氟取代的聚酰亚胺在1310nm和1550nm处则显示出很少光吸收损失。
然而，如上所述，当聚酰亚胺中的C-H键上的氢被氟取代时，聚酰亚胺的折光指数便下降。此时聚酰亚胺中的氟含量与折光指数的降低水平(程度)成正比。因此，由于其C-H键的氢被氟取代了的聚酰亚胺，亦即氟化聚酰亚胺，具有低的折光指数，所以当氟化聚酰亚胺用作光纤的核心材料时，能够使其包覆的材料的选择范围变得很窄。
而且，聚酰亚胺中的氟含量越高，这种聚合物的表面张力越低。因而，难于将这种聚合物涂布到某一基质的表面上，并且这种聚合物形成的薄膜显示出很差的粘合性能。结果，薄膜的性能降低，薄膜容易破裂。因此，实际上很难将聚酰亚胺用作光学波导材料。
最近已合成出聚(亚芳基醚)，它在大约400℃的高温下具有耐热性。这种聚合物具有优良的薄膜加工特性和小的介电常数以及双折光指数(double refractive index)。由于聚亚芳基醚有这样的特性，所以有望将聚亚芳基醚作为适用的介电薄膜材料用于生产半导体器件。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供用于光通讯的聚亚芳基醚，它能极大地减少光通讯中波长600-1700nm的光吸收损失，并且在耐热性、折光率以及薄膜加工性能方面都得以改进。
为了在到此目的，已提供了一种以如下结构式(1)为代表的聚亚芳基醚用于光通讯：
Figure C9811766800051
式中X1、X2、X3和X4各单独选自由氢、氟、氯组成的一组，Y1和Y2分别为氢或氟，Q1和Q2分别为氢或氯。A是选自由-O-、-S-、-P(OR)-、-C(CF3)2-、-(CF2)l-、-(CCl2)l-、-CO-及-SO2-(其中R是三氟甲基(CF3)、三氯甲基(CCl3)、五氟苯基或五氯苯基，以及l是1--8的一个整数)，m1是1或2，m2是0，1或2，0≤n≤1，以及0≤k≤1(其中n和k表示摩尔份数以及n+k＝1)。
在化学式(1)中，n和k是由核磁共振分析(NMR)的元素分析测得。
最好，聚亚芳基醚的分子量为1×104-1.2×105，其热分解温度为450-550℃，其玻璃化转变温度为180-200℃。一些较佳实施方案的描述
聚亚芳基醚其C-H键的氢部分或全部被氟(F)取代，它具有相当低的光折射率，而聚亚芳基醚其C-H键的氢部分或全部被氯(Cl)取代，与被F取代的聚亚芳基醚相比较具有更高的光折射率。因而本发明的特征在于：其C-H键的氢被F取代的单体与其C-H键的氢被Cl取代的单体二者的共聚合反应比加以适当控制，使之得到的聚亚芳基醚用于光学波导具有适宜的折光指数特性，其在光通讯波长区的光吸收损失将减少到最低程度。
如下结构式所表示的本发明的聚亚芳基醚，包括B部分(链段)、Z1部分和Z2部分。这里B部分的结构包括一未取代的芳族环、一以Cl或F取代的芳族环或这些芳环的一些重复单元。Z1部分的结构包括一未取代的芳族环、一以F取代的芳族环，或这些芳环的一些重复单元，以及Z2部分的结构包括一未取代的芳族环或一被Cl取代的芳族环，或者这些芳环的一些重复单元。
Figure C9811766800061
下面将描述本发明的化学式(1)所代表的聚亚芳基醚的制备方法。
首先将形成化学式(1)B部分的芳族化合物，和形成Z1部分和Z2部分的芳族二醇化合物溶于溶剂如二乙基乙酰胺中，并将一种碱与此溶液混合。将得到的溶液在-20-120℃反应5-300小时。
在反应完成后，将未反应的碱从反应混合物中除去。然后将反应混合物与蒸馏水或有机溶剂如乙醇混合，以形成沉淀物，再将沉淀物干燥，便得到了化学式(1)的聚亚芳基醚。
形成B部分的化合物包括六氟代苯、六氯代苯、十氟联苯，以及用于形成Z1部分的化合物包括4，4′-(六氟异亚丙基)二酚。还有，用于形成Z2部分的化合物包括4，6-二氯间苯二酚。
用上述方法之一制得的聚亚芳基醚具有数均分子量为1×105-1.2×105，热分解温度为450-550℃，其玻璃化转变温度为180-200℃。
该聚亚芳基醚已被用作波长600-1700nm光学通讯器件的材料。
下面将对本发明通过如下一些实施例加以描述。然而，本发明并不局限于以下这些实施例。实施例1：以化学式(2)为代表的聚亚芳基醚的制备
将0.023摩尔的十氟代联苯和0.022摩尔的4，4′-(六氟异亚丙基)二酚溶解在120ml的N，N-二甲基乙酰胺中。然后向该溶液中加入0.02625摩尔的碳酸钾(K2CO3)，并在80℃反应24小时。
在反应完成之后，将过量的碳酸钾从反应物中除去。然后将反应混合物与蒸馏水混合使之形成沉淀物。将沉淀物干燥，便得到化学式(2)所表示的聚亚芳基醚，其数均分子量为4×104。
Figure C9811766800071
实施例2：以化学式(3)为代表的聚亚芳基醚的制备
将0.03摩尔的十氟代联苯、0.026摩尔的4，4′-(六氟异亚丙基)二酚和0.00 29摩尔的4，6-二氯间苯二酚溶解在232ml的二甲基乙酰胺中。然后向该混合物中加入0.048摩尔的碳酸钾(K2CO3)，并在80℃反应24小时。
在反应完成之后，将过量的碳酸钾从反应物中除去。然后将反应混合物与蒸馏水混合以形成沉淀物。将沉淀物干燥，便得到化学式(3)所表示的聚亚芳基醚，其数无他子量为4×104。在此化学式(3)中，n＝0.9，k＝0.1
分别由实施例1和实施例2所制得的以化学式(2)和(3)所表示的聚亚芳基醚的热分解温度分别作了测量。化学式(2)聚亚芳基醚的热分解点为520℃，而化学式(3)的聚亚芳基醚的热分解点为524℃。与普通光通讯材料相比，均得到了改进。
已测得的式(2)的聚亚芳基醚的折光指数值示于表1中。
表1
  分  类                  折光指数
    1300nm处     1550nm处
  实施例1实施例2   1.4935±0.00051.4986±0.0005     1.4914±0.00051.4965±0.0005
从表1可看出，实施例1的聚亚芳基醚(PAE)与实施例2的聚亚芳基醚(PAE)相比，具有相对低的折光指数。这是由于与实施例1的聚亚芳基醚相比，用实施例2的方法制得的PAE2，含有较多的氯和较少的氟。
如上所述，本发明的聚亚芳基醚，表现出高的耐热性，具有良好的薄膜加工特性以及在光纤通讯的该波长范围内具有低的光吸收损失。而且，通过控制其C-H键上氢被F取代的单体与其C-H键上氢被Cl取代的单体二者的共聚合反应之比，可使该聚合物的折光指数调节到适合于光纤通讯所用材料的水平。
本发明的聚亚芳基醚可用作光学通讯装置诸如光电集成电路(OEIC)、光电混合金属丝电路板(OEMWB)、多芯片模块(MCM)及塑料光学纤维。

Claims (6)

1、一种用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚，其特征在于其以化学式(1)为代表：式中X1、X2、X3和X4各单独选自由氢、氟、氯组成的一组，Y1和Y2各单独代表氢或氟，Q1和Q2各单独代表氢或氯，A是选自如下一组包括：-O-、-S-、-P(OR)-、-C(CF3)2-、-(CF2)l、-(CCl2)l-、-CO-及-SO2-，其中R是CF3、CCl3、五氟代苯基或五氯代苯基，以及l是1-8的一个整数，m1是1或2，m2是0，1或2；0≤n≤1，以及0≤k≤1，其中n和k表示摩尔份数以及n+k＝1。
2、如权利要求1所述的聚亚芳基醚，其特征在于该聚亚芳基醚具有数均分子量1×104-1.2×105。
3、如权利要求1所述的聚亚芳基醚，其特征在于该聚亚芳基醚具有热分解温度450-550℃。
4、如权利要求1所述的聚亚芳基醚，其特征在于该聚亚芳基醚具有玻璃化转变温度180-200℃。
5、如权利要求1所述的聚亚芳基醚，其特征在于该聚亚芳基醚的折光指数是通过改变其C-H键的氢被氟取代的单体与其C-H键的氢被氯取代的单体二者的聚合反应比例来加以控制。
6、如权利要求1所述的聚亚芳基醚，其特征在于可应用的波长范围为600-1700nm。
CN98117668A 1997-09-04 1998-09-03 用于光学通讯的聚亚芳基醚 Expired - Fee Related CN1102604C (zh)

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CN1210116A (zh) 1999-03-10
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