CN110250320B - Preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme - Google Patents
Preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme Download PDFInfo
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- CN110250320B CN110250320B CN201910598197.6A CN201910598197A CN110250320B CN 110250320 B CN110250320 B CN 110250320B CN 201910598197 A CN201910598197 A CN 201910598197A CN 110250320 B CN110250320 B CN 110250320B
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing 5-20 parts of radix Pseudostellariae to 20-40 mesh, adding 5 times of water, and decocting at 60 deg.C for 120 min to obtain radix Pseudostellariae pretreatment; crushing 5-20 parts of tea leaves to 20-40 meshes, adding 5 times of water, and steaming and boiling at 90 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a pretreatment substance of the tea leaves; adding pretreatment substances of radix pseudostellariae and tea leaves, 80-120 parts by weight of cane molasses, 5-15 parts by weight of oligosaccharide and 700-1000 parts by weight of tap water into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature at 90-110 ℃, and reducing the temperature to 30-40 ℃ to obtain a culture medium; adding 45-55 parts by weight of yeast, 45-55 parts by weight of acetic acid bacteria and 45-55 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria into a culture medium prepared in a fermentation tank, culturing for 40-70 days at 25-35 ℃, introducing compressed air for culturing, wherein the introduction amount of the compressed air is 0.1-0.3 vvm, and stirring at preset intervals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme.
Background
With the rapid development of the large yellow croaker breeding industry, the breeding scale and the breeding area are continuously enlarged, diseases of the large yellow croakers bred in the net cages are continuously generated, and the frequency and the scale of the diseases are gradually increased. In 2009, large-scale white spot disease of large yellow croaker occurs in Fujian Ningde city which is entitled "the village of large yellow croaker", the morbidity reaches 100% in Banana urban areas, the loss of the whole city exceeds 2 hundred million yuan, and large-scale white spot disease of large yellow croaker occurs in the Hai district of white sand corner in south town of Xia Xipu county of Xiupa city of Ningde city in 2005, which causes about 4000 tons of large yellow croaker to die, accounting for about 8% of annual yield of large yellow croaker in Fujian province, and farmers lose 6000 million yuan. Therefore, how to increase the immunity of the large yellow croaker, reduce the morbidity and reduce the mortality becomes an important research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme, which can effectively solve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme comprises the following steps:
pretreating radix pseudostellariae, namely crushing 5-20 parts by weight of radix pseudostellariae to 20-40 meshes, adding 4-10 times by weight of water, and cooking at 50-70 ℃ to obtain a pretreatment substance of the radix pseudostellariae;
tea pretreatment, namely crushing 5-20 parts by weight of tea into 20-40 meshes, adding 4-10 times of water by weight, and steaming and boiling at 80-95 ℃ to obtain a tea pretreatment substance;
preparing a culture medium, namely adding a pretreatment product of radix pseudostellariae and tea leaves, 80-120 parts by weight of cane molasses, 5-15 parts by weight of oligosaccharide and 700-1000 parts by weight of tap water into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature at 90-110 ℃, and reducing the temperature to 30-40 ℃ to obtain the culture medium;
inoculating and fermenting, adding 45-55 parts by weight of yeast, 45-55 parts by weight of acetic acid bacteria and 45-55 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria into a culture medium prepared in a fermentation tank, culturing for 40-70 days at 25-35 ℃, introducing compressed air for culturing, wherein the introduction amount of the compressed air is 0.1-0.3 vvm, stirring at preset intervals, stopping fermentation after the time is over, putting the tank while stirring, carrying out aseptic sealed filling, and packaging to obtain the finished product.
As a further improvement, the tea leaves are one or more of white tea, green tea, black tea and the like.
As a further improvement, the radix pseudostellariae is 10 parts, and the tea leaves are 10 parts.
As a further improvement, the oligosaccharide is one or more of xylooligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, inulin, galacto-oligosaccharide and the like.
As a further improvement, the yeast is a mixed strain of at least two of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces boulardii, candida tropicalis, candida krusei and the like in equal proportion.
As a further improvement, the acetic acid bacteria are mixed bacteria of at least two of acetobacter xylinum, acetobacter bacteroides, acetobacter gluconicum, acetobacter aceti and the like in equal proportion.
As a further improvement, the lactic acid bacteria are mixed bacteria of at least two of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus coagulans and the like in equal proportion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after the radix pseudostellariae and the tea are respectively pretreated, enzyme strains are directly added for inoculation and fermentation treatment without separation, so that the processing cost is reduced; the subsequent fermentation process can convert the macromolecular substances of the effective components in the pseudostellaria root and the tea into the micromolecular substances, and the micromolecular substances have higher pharmacological activity, are quick to take effect and are easier to be absorbed by animal organisms, so that the pseudostellaria root ferment can be effectively absorbed and utilized by the animal organisms, the immunity of the pseudosciaena crocea is obviously enhanced, the morbidity is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing radix pseudostellariae ferment provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2-5 are graphs showing the bacteriostatic effect of escherichia coli after radix pseudostellariae ferment is used according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme, including the following steps:
s1, preprocessing radix pseudostellariae, namely crushing 5-20 parts by weight of radix pseudostellariae to 20-40 meshes, adding 4-10 times by weight of water, and cooking at 50-70 ℃ to obtain a preprocessed substance of the radix pseudostellariae;
s2, tea pretreatment, namely crushing 5-20 parts by weight of tea to 20-40 meshes, adding 4-10 times of water by weight, and cooking at 80-95 ℃ to obtain a tea pretreatment substance;
s3, preparing a culture medium, namely adding the pretreatment of radix pseudostellariae and tea leaves, 80-120 parts by weight of cane molasses, 5-15 parts by weight of oligosaccharide and 700-1000 parts by weight of tap water into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature at 90-110 ℃, and reducing the temperature to 30-40 ℃ to obtain the culture medium;
s4, inoculating and fermenting, adding 45-55 parts by weight of yeast, 45-55 parts by weight of acetic acid bacteria and 45-55 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria into a culture medium prepared in a fermentation tank, culturing for 40-70 days at 25-35 ℃, introducing compressed air for culturing, wherein the introduction amount of the compressed air is 0.1-0.3 vvm, stirring at preset time intervals, stopping fermentation after the time is over, putting the tank while stirring, performing sterile sealed filling, and packaging to obtain the finished product.
In step S1, it is preferable that 8 to 12 parts by weight of radix pseudostellariae be pulverized to 20 to 40 mesh. In this example, 10 parts by weight of radix pseudostellariae were pulverized to 20-40 mesh. When the cooking temperature is too high, although the internal components can be quickly cooked, the effective components are easily damaged. Therefore, preferably, water with the weight of 4 to 6 times that of the radix pseudostellariae is added to be cooked for 1 to 5 hours at the temperature of 55 to 65 ℃ to obtain the pretreatment substance of the radix pseudostellariae. In this example, water in an amount of 5 times the weight of the pretreatment product was added and the mixture was cooked at 60 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a pretreatment product of radix pseudostellariae. It can be understood that the effective components of the radix pseudostellariae can be quickly cooked out by selecting the temperature under the precondition that the effective components are not damaged.
In step S2, it is preferable that 8 to 12 parts by weight of tea leaves are pulverized to 20 to 40 mesh. The tea can be one or more of white tea, green tea, black tea, etc. Preferably, the tea leaves are white tea. When the cooking temperature is too high, although the internal components can be quickly cooked, the effective components are easily damaged. Therefore, preferably, water in an amount of 4 to 6 times the weight of the tea leaves is added to the tea leaves, and the mixture is cooked at 80 to 95 ℃ for 10 to 60 minutes to obtain a pretreated product of the tea leaves. In this example, 5 times the weight of water was added and the mixture was cooked at 90 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a pretreated product of tea leaves.
In step S3, the oligosaccharide is one or more of xylooligosaccharide, mannooligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, inulin, galactooligosaccharide, etc. Preferably, the oligosaccharide is a mixture of mannan oligosaccharide and galacto-oligosaccharide in equal proportion. The oligosaccharides are all commercially available conventional sources.
Preferably, 95 to 105 parts by weight of cane molasses, 8 to 12 parts by weight of oligosaccharide and 780 to 820 parts by weight of tap water are added, mixed uniformly, and then the mixture is kept at 95 to 105 ℃ for 10 to 60 minutes and then cooled to 30 to 40 ℃ to obtain the culture medium. In this example, 100 parts by weight of cane molasses, 10 parts by weight of oligosaccharide, and 800 parts by weight of tap water were added, mixed, and then the mixture was incubated at 100 ℃ for 20 minutes, and then cooled to 35 ℃ to obtain a culture medium. The sterilization can kill all bacteria in the mixture.
In step S4, preferably, yeast 48 to 52 parts by weight, acetic acid bacteria 48 to 52 parts by weight, lactic acid bacteria 48 to 52 parts by weight are added to the culture medium prepared in the fermenter, and the mixture is cultured at 28 to 32 ℃ for 55 to 65 days. In this example, 50 parts by weight of yeast, 50 parts by weight of acetic acid bacteria, and 50 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria were added to the culture medium prepared in the fermenter, and the mixture was cultured at 30 ℃ for 60 days.
Introducing compressed air for culture, wherein the introduction amount of the compressed air is 0.1-0.3 vvm,
the yeast is a mixed strain of at least two of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces boulardii, candida tropicalis, candida krusei and the like in equal proportion. Preferably, the yeast is mixed bacteria of saccharomyces cerevisiae and saccharomyces boulardii in equal proportion. The above strains are all commercially available conventional sources.
The acetic acid bacteria are mixed bacteria of at least two of acetobacter xylinum, acetobacter mimicus, acetobacter gluconicum, acetobacter aceti and the like in equal proportion. Preferably, the acetic acid bacteria are proportionally mixed bacteria of acetobacter xylinum and acetobacter gluconicum. The above strains are all commercially available conventional sources.
The lactobacillus is a mixed bacterium of at least two of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus coagulans and the like in equal proportion. Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria are proportionally mixed bacteria of lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus coagulans. The above strains are all commercially available conventional sources.
Fig. 2-5 are graphs showing the effect of radix pseudostellariae enzyme prepared by the embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, FIGS. 2-5 and Table 1 show the bacteriostatic effect of Escherichia coli (O157, O139, K88, K99). As can be seen from Table 1, the radix pseudostellariae enzyme has obvious inhibition effect on various bacteria, and the inhibition diameter is larger than or equal to 15mm.
Table 1 shows the inhibition of various bacteria by radix Pseudostellariae enzyme
The radix pseudostellariae enzyme prepared by the embodiment of the invention can be mixed and stirred with feed in the cultivation application of large yellow croakers, and then the mixture can be fed practically. Specifically, the following:
the test is located in an inland sea farm of Fujian Xiapu, and the sea area is a traditional large yellow croaker concentrated breeding area, and has calm wind and waves and a fish raft breeding mode.
Grouping tests:
the test is divided into two breeding objects of large specification and small specification, wherein the average weight of the large specification is about 50g, and the breeding is continued for the fish species in the last year. The small size is fish breed bred in the current year, the average body length is 4.4cm, and the body weight is about 1.5 g. The control group and the test group were treated differently as follows.
(1) Control group: feeding by conventional methods;
(2) Test groups: 5 percent of the product is added into the conventional bait. When the icy fresh is used for feeding, the product is added into the icy fresh to be homogenized, placed for 30 minutes and then fed in a centralized manner; when the compound feed is adopted, the product is added into the compound feed to be soaked for 2 hours, and then the compound feed is used for centralized feeding.
2. Daily management
The feeding is carried out according to the requirements of 'four definite', the feeding is carried out once every morning and evening, and the feeding amount in the evening is more than that in the morning. The feeding amount is correspondingly and gradually increased and decreased in the processes of gradually increasing and decreasing the water temperature in the beginning of spring and late autumn, which is mainly determined according to the activity and eating condition of the fish. The using condition of the bait (or the bait) is recorded every day, the feeding amount is adjusted every 7-10 days, and the feeding amount is accumulated every month.
According to the test requirements, the growth condition of the fish is measured once a month, 20-25 fish bodies are randomly sampled according to different sizes and specifications to measure the body length and the body weight, the length is accurate to millimeter, and the weighing is accurate to 1/10g. The diseased fish can be checked and diagnosed in time, and can be prevented and treated in time by using a medicine. And taking out the dead fish in time.
And (5) timely recording feeding, water temperature, medication condition, death condition and the like, and weighing and recording the dead fishes after the dead fishes are fished out. And weighing and recording the sold fish, and finally counting the survival rate.
Results and discussion:
table 2 shows the weight comparison data of large yellow croaker during the cultivation process
As can be seen from the table above, the survival rate of the large yellow croaker is greatly improved in both small-size and large-size large yellow croaker culture. Further aiming at the immunity and related indexes of the large yellow croaker, further discussion of the action mechanism needs more experimental supports, and further explanation is provided in future research.
The preparation method of the radix pseudostellariae enzyme provided by the invention has the following advantages: after the radix pseudostellariae and the tea are respectively pretreated, enzyme strains are directly added for inoculation and fermentation treatment without separation, so that the processing cost is reduced; the subsequent fermentation process can convert the macromolecular substances of the effective components in the radix pseudostellariae and the tea leaves into the micromolecular substances, and the micromolecular substances have higher pharmacological activity, are quick to take effect and are easier to be absorbed by animal organisms, so that the effective absorption and utilization of the radix pseudostellariae enzymes by the animal organisms are facilitated, and the good curative effect is achieved; meanwhile, substances such as bad substances, taste and peculiar smell in the radix pseudostellariae can be degraded in the fermentation process, and the defects of low mouthfeel, low absorption and utilization and the like of the conventional radix pseudostellariae are overcome.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme for breeding large yellow croaker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preprocessing radix pseudostellariae, namely crushing 5-20 parts by weight of radix pseudostellariae to 20-40 meshes, adding water with the weight being 4-10 times that of the radix pseudostellariae, and cooking at 50-70 ℃ to obtain a preprocessed substance of the radix pseudostellariae;
tea pretreatment, namely crushing 5-20 parts by weight of tea leaves to 20-40 meshes, adding water with the weight of 4-10 times of that of the tea leaves, and cooking at 80-95 ℃ to obtain a tea pretreatment substance;
preparing a culture medium, namely adding a pretreatment material of radix pseudostellariae and tea leaves, 80-120 parts by weight of cane molasses, 5-15 parts by weight of oligosaccharide and 700-1000 parts by weight of tap water into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature at 90-110 ℃, and reducing the temperature to 30-40 ℃ to obtain the culture medium;
inoculating and fermenting, adding yeast of 45 to 55 parts by weight, acetic acid bacteria of 45 to 55 parts by weight and lactic acid bacteria of 45 to 55 parts by weight into a culture medium prepared in a fermentation tank, culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 40 to 70 days, introducing compressed air for culturing, wherein the introduction amount of the compressed air is 0.1 to 0.3vvm, stirring at preset intervals, stopping fermentation after the preset time is over, putting the mixture into a tank while stirring, and carrying out sterile sealed filling to obtain a finished product;
in the preparation link of the culture medium, 10 parts of the pretreatment substance of the radix pseudostellariae and 10 parts of the pretreatment substance of the tea leaves are adopted.
2. The preparation method of radix pseudostellariae enzyme for large yellow croaker cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tea leaves are one or more of white tea, green tea and black tea.
3. The method for preparing radix pseudostellariae ferment for breeding large yellow croaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oligosaccharide is one or more of xylo-oligosaccharide, mannooligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, inulin and galacto-oligosaccharide.
4. The method for preparing radix pseudostellariae enzyme for large yellow croaker cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the yeast is a mixture of at least two of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces boulardii, candida tropicalis and candida krusei in equal proportion.
5. The method for preparing radix pseudostellariae enzyme for large yellow croaker cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acetic acid bacteria are a mixture of at least two of acetobacter xylinum, acetobacter gluconicum and acetobacter aceti in equal proportion.
6. The method for preparing radix pseudostellariae enzyme for large yellow croaker cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are a mixture of at least two of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus coagulans in equal proportion.
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| CN110787205B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-04 | 福建贝迪药业有限公司 | Preparation method of radix pseudostellariae root hair granules for improving organism immunity of livestock and poultry |
| CN114190470A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-18 | 厦门海洋职业技术学院 | Novel radix pseudostellariae enzyme, preparation method thereof and application thereof in large yellow croaker culture |
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