CN110233308A - 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 - Google Patents
石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110233308A CN110233308A CN201910524056.XA CN201910524056A CN110233308A CN 110233308 A CN110233308 A CN 110233308A CN 201910524056 A CN201910524056 A CN 201910524056A CN 110233308 A CN110233308 A CN 110233308A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- radiator
- heat
- battery
- conductor
- graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 293
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 289
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 289
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 title description 59
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000397426 Centroberyx lineatus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 93
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 61
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QLCTXEMDCZGPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(C=2C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=2)=C1 QLCTXEMDCZGPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 graphite metal compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/253—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201462050001P | 2014-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | |
| US62/050,001 | 2014-09-12 | ||
| CN201580048676.0A CN106717139B (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-09-11 | 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580048676.0A Division CN106717139B (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-09-11 | 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110233308A true CN110233308A (zh) | 2019-09-13 |
Family
ID=55459633
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910524056.XA Pending CN110233308A (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-09-11 | 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 |
| CN201580048676.0A Expired - Fee Related CN106717139B (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-09-11 | 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580048676.0A Expired - Fee Related CN106717139B (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-09-11 | 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9899711B2 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP6668335B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR102226353B1 (https=) |
| CN (2) | CN110233308A (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE112015004176T5 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2016040872A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2011143856A (ru) | 2009-05-18 | 2013-06-27 | БиЭсЭсТи ЭлЭлСи | Система термоуправления батареей |
| KR101991650B1 (ko) | 2011-07-11 | 2019-06-20 | 젠썸 인코포레이티드 | 전기 장치들의 열전 기반 열 관리 |
| JP6513577B2 (ja) | 2013-01-14 | 2019-05-15 | ジェンサーム インコーポレイテッドGentherm Incorporated | 電気装置の熱電ベースの熱管理 |
| KR102117141B1 (ko) | 2013-01-30 | 2020-05-29 | 젠썸 인코포레이티드 | 열전-기반 열 관리 시스템 |
| JP6534661B2 (ja) | 2013-10-29 | 2019-06-26 | ジェンサーム インコーポレイテッドGentherm Incorporated | 熱電装置を用いた電池熱管理 |
| CN110233308A (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2019-09-13 | 詹思姆公司 | 石墨热电和/或电阻热管理系统和方法 |
| US10458716B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2019-10-29 | Roccor, Llc | Conformal thermal ground planes |
| GB201610975D0 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-10 | Koolkwic Ltd | Battery pack |
| WO2018164671A1 (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-13 | Jones Tech Inc. | An anisotropy thermally conductive material based thermal interface pads |
| US10359241B2 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2019-07-23 | Dell Products L.P. | Using a conductive sheet that includes graphene for thermal conductivity and for grounding |
| CN111655548A (zh) * | 2018-02-02 | 2020-09-11 | 康明斯公司 | 用于电池的热管理的系统 |
| CN113167510B (zh) | 2018-11-30 | 2025-10-03 | 金瑟姆股份公司 | 热电调节系统和方法 |
| US11152557B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2021-10-19 | Gentherm Incorporated | Thermoelectric module with integrated printed circuit board |
| WO2020180632A1 (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-10 | Gentherm Incorporated | Resistance heat assisted cooling and heating technology |
| EP3903017B1 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2023-03-22 | Nikola Corporation | Pressurized vessel heat shield and thermal pressure relief system |
| US11670813B2 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2023-06-06 | Applied Thermoelectric Solutions, LLC | Electrically insulative and thermally conductive parallel battery cooling and temperature control system |
| US11444339B2 (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2022-09-13 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Battery fast-charging system and method of operating same |
| US11277545B2 (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2022-03-15 | Gopro, Inc. | Heatsink of an image capture device |
| US11958382B2 (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2024-04-16 | Honeycomb Battery Company | Graphene-enabled battery fast-charging and cooling system and method of operating same |
| US11146711B1 (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-12 | Gopro, Inc. | Heatsinks for an image capture device |
| JP7556714B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-16 | 2024-09-26 | 株式会社デンソーテン | 電池装置 |
| US12552223B2 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2026-02-17 | Gentherm Incorporated | Optimal control of convective thermal devices |
| US20230378569A1 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-11-23 | The Boeing Company | Battery Temperature Regulation System |
| US12389102B2 (en) | 2022-08-23 | 2025-08-12 | Gopro, Inc. | Bucket architecture for an image capture device including a reconfigurable PCB module |
| US12075141B2 (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2024-08-27 | Gopro, Inc. | Heatsinks and thermal architecture of an image capture device |
| US12081848B2 (en) | 2022-08-23 | 2024-09-03 | Gopro, Inc. | Multifunctional heatsink |
| US12604107B2 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2026-04-14 | Gopro, Inc. | Image capture devices with reduced stitch distances |
| CN116734649B (zh) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-10-27 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | 基于红外光学调控的自适应热管理装置及制备方法 |
| US12316932B2 (en) | 2023-08-11 | 2025-05-27 | Gopro, Inc. | Adjustable thermal solution |
| CN118054132A (zh) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-05-17 | 广东力科新能源有限公司 | 一种电池及其散热结构 |
| DE102024003061A1 (de) * | 2024-09-20 | 2026-03-26 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Elektrochemische Einzelzelle, elektrischer Energiespeicher und Fahrzeug |
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| DE3735931A1 (de) | 1987-10-23 | 1989-05-03 | Asea Brown Boveri | Hochtemperaturspeicherbatterie |
| US4999576A (en) | 1989-07-31 | 1991-03-12 | General Electric Company | Electrical-energy-supplying device having an extended storage life |
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| DE4029901A1 (de) | 1990-09-21 | 1992-03-26 | Licentia Gmbh | Hochenergiebatterie |
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-
2015
- 2015-09-11 CN CN201910524056.XA patent/CN110233308A/zh active Pending
- 2015-09-11 CN CN201580048676.0A patent/CN106717139B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-09-11 KR KR1020177009824A patent/KR102226353B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-09-11 DE DE112015004176.1T patent/DE112015004176T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-09-11 US US15/510,663 patent/US9899711B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-09-11 JP JP2017513685A patent/JP6668335B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-09-11 WO PCT/US2015/049800 patent/WO2016040872A1/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170200992A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
| DE112015004176T5 (de) | 2017-06-14 |
| US20180226699A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| KR20170057328A (ko) | 2017-05-24 |
| US10700393B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| JP2017535912A (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
| CN106717139A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
| KR102226353B1 (ko) | 2021-03-10 |
| WO2016040872A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| JP6668335B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 |
| CN106717139B (zh) | 2019-07-12 |
| US9899711B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
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