CN110232468A - A kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, draws a system most rear class resources balance optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, draws a system most rear class resources balance optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides one kind: can be used as all kinds of project organic managements and target control plan and (or) project organic management and target control multistage system of planning any combination that an entirety carries out organization of unity management and target control；Each combination project organic management and target control plan and (or) project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning, the duration is constant, wherein project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning use afterbody resources balance optimization method；Resource requirement dynamic congregate table of this method according to projects organization and administration and target control plan and (or) project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning in combination；It is sequentially optimized by projects organization and administration in combination and target control plan and (or) project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning, the rear elder generation of end time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to critical path method technical fields, are the masters of critical path method project or taskings management and target control technology
One of component part is wanted, specifically one kind makes full use of: carrying out organization of unity management and target control as a whole
Any combination project in, each intermediate item is using decomposing step by step, at different levels formulate control plan, the project organic management of foundation respectively
With part (or motor-driven) time difference of the target control multistage system of planning, each non-key " work ", any project or task groups are carried out
Duration under the conditions of conjunction is all constant, needs resource using being only combined project with target control plan to afterbody organization and administration
The method of balance optimizing.
Background technique
Eighties of last century early fifties, in order to be applicable in the development of production and the scientific research and technological development of relationship complexity
The managerial needs of job engineering, each advanced industrial country has all successively carried out the research of planning management new technology in the world, wherein
Successfully CPM (critical path method) and PERT (programme evaluation and review technique) is studied in the U.S. first, is established due to such methods and is closed in work
It is the formulation of plan, coordination, optimization and control organically to be combined, on the basis of network model so being referred to as in foreign countries
For network planning technique.
The U.S. is applied to the development of establishment Polaris missile in the PERT (programme evaluation and review technique) of invention in 1956 at that time
Plan, has coordinated 3,000 many enterprises, and making plan, two years ahead completes on schedule；It is applied to cost more than 400 again later
Hundred million dollars, mobilize manpower more than 40 ten thousand Apollo space program management and control, obtain good result.
It is counted according to kremlin, the construction and erection enterprises of application network planning technique, the duration can shorten 20%, engineering
Cost can reduce by 10% or so.
In March, 1978, civil engineering association, U.S. proceedings comment on that this method is current only planning management newly side
Method, and in foreseeable future, it is not in the new method of one kind to substitute it, therefore, we should enjoy it, use
It, improve it.
Currently, each advanced industrial country, such as the United States, Russia, English, day, method, moral in the world, is all promoting and applying network planning skill
Art.
The famous mathematician Hua Luogeng professor in China, from the national conditions in China, absorbing, external network planning technique is theoretical
On the basis of, " critical path method " scientific system is established, and since eighties of last century early sixties, promotes answer in production practice
With achieving huge economic benefit.
Since network planning technique is there are following many defects and deficiency, influences and restrict pushing away for network planning technique
Row is promoted, popularization and application:
(1) restriction and planar network of project or taskings management and target control plannet model rule are established
The restriction of model tormulation mode manages most projects or taskings and is unable to complete with target control person, especially compared with
Big or more complex project；
(2) it is unfavorable for the restriction of computer technology application, the application of such technology depends on the support of computer technology, net
Foundation, modification, the calculating of time parameter, the optimal control of constructing aims and optimal control of resource object of network model etc., only
It is difficult to complete by manpower；
(3) restriction of application range, CPM are only applicable to type project or task certainly and are directly decomposed into a series of specific works
Organization and administration and target control；PERT is only applicable to the evaluation of non-type project or task milestone target certainly；And with section
Comprehensive fast development of technology, not only most projects or task have the feature of mixed type, and method for organizing also has
There is the feature of mixed type；
(4) lack necessary function technology, major function technology only has: time-cost trade-off technology；Duration is constant, money
Source demand balance optimizing technology；Resource is limited, duration most short optimisation technique；It is commented with non-type project or task milestone target certainly
The technology of examining；
(5) all there is apparent defect and deficiency in major function technology, such as:
1) it time-cost trade-off technology: needs to carry out time parameter meter by the route that key job forms to each respectively
After calculation, critical circuits can be just judged, need to calculate the rate of each single item key job, just can be carried out the optimization of duration-cost,
This be in practical work it is highly difficult, it is even impossible；
2) duration is constant, resources balance optimisation technique: its optimization method does not consider non-key work in part (or motor-driven)
Resource requirement current intelligence in time difference range, hence it is evident that unreasonable；
3) resource is limited, duration shortest optimisation technique: the work started before the period will be optimized and come most important first place,
Do not consider influence size of the optimization of the non-key work started before the optimization period to the duration；
4) Evaluation technology of non-type project or task milestone target certainly, when not considering non-key milestone target interval
Between Lagi-jInfluence etc. to estimate variance.
Network planning technique belongs to critical path method, is one of application technology of critical path method；It may be said that network planning technique is system
Method is raised, not vice versa.
All kinds of project organic managements and target control plan and (or) project organic management and target control multistage plan body
It is any combination, each combination project organic management and target control plan and (or) project organic management and target control multistage meter
The system of drawing, the duration is all constant, and wherein project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning are using only to afterbody tissue
Management is combined project resource balance optimizing method with target control plan, is critical path method project or taskings' management and mesh
One of the target control of control technology is marked, embodiment is that Hua Luogeng professor is pointed: using critical path method, being wanted to non-key work
Benefit.
Since the duration of traditional network planning technique is constant, the following defects and deficiencies exist for resources balance optimization method, shadow
It rings and restricts its application:
(1) be only applicable to type project or task certainly be directly decomposed into a series of organization and administration that specific work are formulated with
The duration of target control plan is constant, resources balance optimization；
(2) the resource requirement current intelligence in (or motor-driven) time difference range of non-key work part is not fully considered, and only
Consider that non-key work terminates next day and starts the resource requirement current intelligence of the first day, the foundation as optimization；
(3) multistage without all kinds of project organic managements and target control plan and (or) project organic management and target control
System of planning any combination, wherein project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning are using only to afterbody tub of tissue
Reason is combined project resource balance optimizing method with target control plan.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to the combination project Gantt chart or shape for carrying out organization of unity management and target control as a whole
As the project organic management optimized in progress gunter drawing and resource requirement dynamic table and combination project and the plan of target control multistage
System, to project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning of optimization, using only to afterbody organization and administration and mesh
Mark control plan is combined project resource and needs balanced optimization.
For the present invention by project or task by organization and administration and target control requirement, " work " decomposed is divided into type certainly
" work " and non-type " work " two types certainly:
(1) certainly type " work ": completing time t required for " work "i(or Ti) it is affirmative；
(2) non-affirmative type " work ": the time needed for completing " work " is non-affirmative, need to be carried out using three point estimations
Complete the estimation of " work " time:
1)aT、mT、bT, DT=(aT+4mT+bT) ÷ 6, σT 2=[(bT-aT)÷6]2
2)at、mt、bt, Dt=(at+4mt+bt) ÷ 6, σt 2=[(bt-at)÷6]2
aT、atOptimistic completion " work " time；
mT、mtPossible completion " work " time；
bT、btPessimistic completion " work " time；
DT、DtThe weighted average of " work " time is completed in estimation；
σT 2、σt 2Complete the estimated bias of " work " time.
The present invention is decomposed the type of " work " by project, and project is divided into type, non-type certainly and three kinds of mixed type certainly
Type:
(1) affirmative type project: by organization and administration and target control requirement, " work " decomposed all is affirmative type " work
Make "；
(2) non-type project certainly: by organization and administration and target control requirement, " work " decomposed all is non-type certainly
" work "；
(3) mixed type project: by organization and administration and target control requirement, " the work of the existing type certainly of " work " decomposed
Make ", and have the work of non-type certainly.
Project of the present invention decomposes the organizational form between " work " and organizer by organization and administration and target control requirement
Method has following seven kinds:
Project is by organization and administration and target control requirement, the organizational form and method for organizing between " work " decomposed,
By taking i " work " and j " work " as an example, i " work " be j " work " it is tight before " work " or j " work " be the next of i " work "
" work ", organizational form and method for organizing between i " work " and j " work ":
(1) FYS (LT): i " work " terminates LT days, and j " work " starts；
(2)STS(LTi): i " work " starts LTiIt, j " work " starts；
(3)FTF(LTj): i " work " terminates LTjIt, j " work " terminates；
(4)STF(LTi, LTj): i " work " starts LTiIt, use LT againjIt, j " work " terminates, i.e. j " work " will be in i
" work " starts LTiAfter it, LT is usedjIt terminates；
(5) STS and FTF (LTi, LTj): i " work " starts LTiIt, j " work " start, i " work " end LTjIt, j
" work " terminates；
(6) STS and STF (LTi, LTi’, LTj): i " work " starts LTi days, j " work " beginning, and i " work " starts LTi ‘It, use LT againjIt, j " work " terminates, i.e. j " work " will start LT in i " work "i’After it, LT is usedjIt terminates；
(7) FTS and STF (LT, LTi, LTj): i " work " terminates LT days, j " work " beginning, and i " work " starts LTiIt,
LT is used againjIt, j " work " terminates, i.e. j " work " will start LT in i " work "iAfter it, LT is usedjIt terminates；
Organization and administration between " work " are divided into type certainly and non-two type of type certainly with target control mode by the present invention
Type:
(1) type organizes and target control mode certainly: away from the organization and administration for being all affirmative when bonding relation and overlap joint
With target control mode；
(2) the non-organization and administration of type certainly are with target control mode: bonding relation is affirmative；But away from being non-affirmative when overlapping
, need to using three point estimations be overlapped when away from estimation:
a.LTa、LTm、LTb, DLT=(LTa+4LTm+LTb) ÷ 6, σLT 2=[(LTb-LTa)÷6]2
b.LTia、LTim、LTib, DiLT=(LTia+4LTim+LTib) ÷ 6, σiLT 2=[(LTib-LTia)÷6]2
c.LTja、LTjm、LTjb, DjLT=(LTja+4LTjm+LTjb) ÷ 6, σjLT 2=[(LTjb-LTja)÷6]2
d.LTI ' a、LTI ' m、LTI ' b, DI ' LT=(LTI ' a+4LTI ' m+LTI ' b) ÷ 6, σI ' LT 2=[(LTI ' b-LTI ' a)÷6]2
The present invention presses the difference of project organic management and target control mode, by project organic management and target control mode
It is divided into type, non-type and mixed type three types certainly certainly:
(1) type project organic management and target control mode certainly: project decompose organization and administration between " work " and
Target control mode is all the organization and administration and target control mode of type certainly；
(2) non-type project organic management and target control mode certainly: project decomposes the organization and administration between " work "
It is all the organization and administration and target control mode of non-type certainly with target control mode；
(3) mixed type project organic management and target control mode: project decompose organization and administration between " work " with
Target control mode, it is existing certainly type, also have it is non-certainly type organization and administration and target control mode.
Mesh organization and administration of the present invention are divided into three classes with target control plan:
(1) type project organic management and target control plan certainly: type project certainly, using type organization and administration and mesh certainly
Mark project organic management and the target control plan of control mode；
(2) non-type project organic management and target control plan certainly, include the following three types:
1) affirmative type project, project organic management and target control using the non-organization and administration of type certainly with target control mode
System plan；
2) non-type project certainly, project organic management and target control using type organization and administration certainly with target control mode
System plan；
3) non-type project certainly, using the project organic management and target of non-type certainly organization and administration and target control mode
Control plan；
(3) mix mode project organic management and target control plan, including following five kinds:
1) mix mode project, project organic management and target control using type organization and administration certainly with target control mode
Plan；
2) mixed type project, project organic management and target control using the non-organization and administration of type certainly with target control mode
System plan；
3) mixed type project, project organic management and target control using mixed type organization and administration with target control mode
Plan；
4) non-type project certainly, project organic management and target control using mixed type organization and administration with target control mode
System plan；
5) affirmative type project, project organic management and target control using mixed type organization and administration with target control mode
Plan.
In combination project, the project organic management of formulation and target control plan are as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type work is affirmed:
at=mt=bt=Dt=t；σt 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
In combination project, presses sub-item, individual event mesh, work three-level step by step with project and decompose, it is at different levels to formulate tub of tissue respectively
Reason and target control plan, for the project organic management of foundation and the target control multistage system of planning,
The method for building up of project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning, as shown in the table:
The present invention by organization and administration with target control requirements, using duration control method step by step formulate organizations at different levels management and
Target control plan, the project organic management of foundation and the target control multistage system of planning, as shown in the table:
(1) organization and administration of project level-one and target control plan system, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type sub-item is affirmed:
aT=mT=bT=DT=T；σT 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project level-one organization and administration and target control plan, the requirement of Yao Fuhe contract or predetermined duration.
(2) organization and administration of one of project second level and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type individual event mesh is affirmed:
aT=mT=bT=DT=T；σT 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project second level organization and administration and target control plan, by level-one organization and administration and target control plan
In corresponding sub-item duration control.
(3) organization and administration of one of project three-level and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type work mesh is affirmed:
at=mt=bt=Dt=t；σt 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project three levels of organization management and target control plan, by second level organization and administration and target control plan
In, corresponding individual event purpose duration control.
The present invention is by organization and administration and target control requirement, using reversely duration control method formulates organizations at different levels' pipe step by step
Reason and target control plan, the project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning of foundation are as shown in the table:
(1) organization and administration of project level-one and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type sub-item is affirmed:
aT=mT=bT=DT=T；σT 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project level-one organization and administration and target control plan, the requirement of Yao Fuhe contract or predetermined duration.
(2) organization and administration of one of project second level and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type individual event mesh is affirmed:
aT=mT=bT=DT=T；σT 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project second level each sub-item organization and administration and target control plan, as level-one organization and administration and mesh
Mark the duration of corresponding sub-item in control plan.
(3) organization and administration of one of project three-level and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type work is affirmed:
at=mt=bt=Dt=t；σt 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project three-level each single project organic management and target control plan, as second level organization and administration and mesh
It marks in control plan, the corresponding individual event purpose duration.
The present invention by organization and administration with target control requirements, using step by step with reversely step by step duration control method formulation it is at different levels
Organization and administration and target control plan, the project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning of foundation；With I and II tissue
It manages and target control plan uses duration control step by step, two, three levels of organization's management and target control plan use reversely step by step
It is as shown in the table for duration control:
(1) organization and administration of project level-one and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type sub-item is affirmed:
aT=mT=bT=DT=T；σT 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project level-one organization and administration and target control plan, the requirement of Yao Fuhe contract or predetermined duration.
(2) organization and administration of one of project second level and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type individual event mesh is affirmed:
aT=mT=bT=DT=T；σT 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project second level organization and administration and target control plan, by level-one organization and administration and target control plan
In corresponding sub-item duration control.
(3) organization and administration of one of project three-level and target control plan, as shown in the table:
Wherein:
A. type work is affirmed:
at=mt=bt=Dt=t；σt 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
The target duration of project three-level each single project organic management and target control plan, as second level organization and administration and mesh
It marks in control plan, the corresponding individual event purpose duration.
In combination project, projects organization and administration and target control plan and (or) project organic management and target control are more
In the grade system of planning, each organization and administration and target control plan, by following steps, finished item organization and administration and target control
In the formulation of plan and (or) project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning, each organization and administration and target control plan
Formulation:
(1) conversion for carrying out organizational logical relationship between " work ", such as by project organic management and target control plan system
What the person of determining determined: B " work " it is tight before " work " be A " work ", be converted into next " work " of A " work " as B " work "；Or
Next " work " of A " work " be B " work ", be converted into B " work " it is tight before " work " be A " work "；
(2) arrangement of organizational logical relationship is carried out
(3) inspection and supplement of job engineering logical relation defect: in main " work " list every " work ", ST is removed
Outside, it must be determined that before having tightly " work ", including FIN；In addition to FIN, it must be determined that have next " work ", including ST；It is not any
" work " it is tight before " work " " work ", be FIN it is tight before " work "；It is not " the work of next " work " of any " work "
Make ", it is next " work " of ST；Determine it is tight before " work " or (and) do not determine " work " of next " work ", as
There are " work " of tissue defects, should by organizational logical relationship, supplement its it is tight before " work " or (and) next " work "；
(4) in main " work " list " work " tissue sequence sequence: by ST successively are as follows: with ST for before tightly
" work " of " work "；With ordering " work " be it is tight before " work " " work "；……；Until FIN；By FIN according to
It is secondary are as follows: to take FIN as " work " of next " work "；It take ordering " work " as " work " of next " work "；……；Until
ST；
(5) inspection and modification of job engineering logical relation defect and mistake: suitable by tight preceding tissue sequence and next tissue
In sequence sequencer procedure, fail " work " of completing sequence, as there is organizational logical relationship defect or wrong " work ", it should be by
Organizational logical relationship is supplemented or is modified.
In combination project of the present invention, project organic management and target control plan；At different levels, each tissue in the multistage system of planning
Management and target control plan, time parameter calculation method are as follows:
(1) time that " work " may start earliest
(2) time that " work " may terminate earliest
(3) interval time between " work "
(4) motor-driven (part) time difference of " work ": FFi=min (Lagi-j)；
(5) total time difference of " work ": TFi=min (TFj+Lagi-j)；
(6) time that " work " must start at the latest: LSi=ESi+TFi；
(7) time that " work " must terminate at the latest: LFi=EFi+TFi；
In combination project of the present invention, project organic management and target control plan；At different levels, each tissue in the multistage system of planning
Management and target control plan, estimate variance calculation method are as follows:
The present invention is in combination project, project organic management and target control plan；At different levels, each group in the multistage system of planning
Management and target control plan are knitted, after the completion of time parameter calculates, by every main " work " deadline estimated bias to tight
The influence for the implementation process that " works " afterwards carries out deviations2Adjustment after, carry out the calculating of its estimate variance.
For " work " (i.e. the discontinuous " work ") of discontinuous completion, the time Estimate deviation that " works " is completed
Adjustment；
The method of adjustment of every main " work " estimation " work " deadline deviation:
Note:
(1)*σi 2For σ adjustedi 2；
(2)σi 2For the variance of the estimated time to completion deviation of main " work " i: σi 2=[(bit-ait)÷6]2, in which:
1)bitFor pessimism (longest) value of the estimated time to completion of main " work " i；
2)aitFor optimism (most short) value of the estimated time to completion of main " work " i；
(3)DitFor the weighted average of the estimated time to completion of main " work " i: Dit=(ait+4mit+bit) ÷ 6, in which:
1)mitFor most probable (time) value of the estimated time to completion of main " work " i；
(4)Dit' be main " work " i estimated time to completion limit value.
By Parameters of Normal DistributionWork as λiWhen >=3.5, P (Dit') ≈ 100%, so
It is organizing with target control in the works, the estimated bias of main " work " deadline, to next " work "
Influence, when considering actually to overlap away from influence, i.e., by when overlap joint away from influence of the adjustment to next " work "；
Temporal duration estimate variance is mainly overlapped between " work ", to next " work " influence value υ2 j(LT)Calculation method, under
Shown in table:
Project organic management in the works, every " work " organization arrangement (when overlap joint away from) estimate variance (υ2 (LT)Take following calculating
As a result maximum value)
" work " will consider in organization and administration and the estimate variance of target control in the works, influence to next " work "
Interval time (Lag between " work "i-j) influence factor, be as follows:
, every main " work " accumulative estimated time to completion deviation variance υ2 j(t)Calculation method:
Note:
(1)EFi'-for main " work " i is because estimation work deadline estimated bias influences, the time that can be completed at the latest,
By Parameters of Normal Distribution λiWhen >=3.5, P(iEF’)≈ 100%, so
(2) project organic management and target control in the works, the variance of every main " work " estimated time to completion deviation by
Two parts composition: i.e. υ2 j(t)(do not include*σj 2) and*σj 2；υ2 i(t)It also include two parts, i.e. υ2 i(t)With*σi 2For j's " work "
It influences；υ2 j(t)(do not include*σj 2The estimate variance of)-be j attack time；υ2 i(t)(do not include*σi 2)-start for i work
The estimate variance of time.
In combination project, the calculation method of project organic management and target control planned time parameter and estimate variance:
(1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFiWith
υi 2；
(2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards,
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi。
In combination project, the calculating of project organic management and target control multistage system of planning time parameter and estimate variance
Method:
The project organic management and target control multistage system of planning time parameter and estimation side that duration control is established step by step
The calculation method of difference:
(1) level-one respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, really
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
(2) second level respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, really
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
Note: level-one organization and administration with target control in the works, the duration of sub-item, be second level sub-item organization and administration with
The target duration of target control plan；
(3) three-level respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、
υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, really
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
Note: second level organization and administration with target control in the works, the individual event purpose duration, for three-level individual event purpose organization and administration with
The target duration of target control plan；
(4) second level respectively organizes and target control plan, the calculating of estimate variance: with the organization and administration of three-level individual event purpose
With the estimate variance of target control plan, deadline, as second level organization and administration with target control in the works, single project duration
Estimate variance, calculate each sub-item of second level organization and administration Yu target control plan υi 2；
(5) level-one organization and administration with target control plan, the calculating of estimate variance: with the organization and administration of second level sub-item with
Target control plan, the estimate variance of deadline, as level-one organization and administration with target control in the works, the sub-item duration
Estimate variance, the υ of first order calculation organization and administration and target control plani 2。
The project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning, time parameter and pass that reversely duration control is established step by step
The calculation method of key variance:
(1) three-level respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、
υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, really
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
(2) second level respectively organizes and target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance: each with three-level respectively
The organization and administration of individual event purpose and the duration of target control plan and the estimate variance of duration, as second level organization and administration and target control
System in the works, the estimate variance of each individual event purpose duration and duration:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、
υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, really
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
(3) level-one organization and administration are with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance: respectively with each point of second level
The organization and administration of project and the duration of target control plan and the estimate variance of duration, as level-one organization and administration and target control
In the works, the estimate variance of the duration and duration of each sub-item:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、
υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, really
Determine FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi。
The estimate variance of organizations at different levels management and target control plan:
(1) sub-item is in level-one organization and administration and target control ES in the worksiEstimate variance, for second level organization and administration with
Target control is in the works, sub-item organizes and the estimate variance of target control planned start time；
(2) individual event mesh is in second level organization and administration and target control ES in the worksiEstimate variance, for three levels of organization management with
Target control in the works, the estimate variance of single project organic management and target control planned start time；
(3) three levels of organization manage with target control in the works, when the organization and administration of individual event purpose are completed with target control plan
Between estimate variance, for second level organization and administration with target control in the works, the estimate variance of single project's finish time；
(4) second level is organized with target control in the works, when the organization and administration and target control plan of sub-item are completed
Between estimate variance, for level-one organization and administration with target control in the works, the estimate variance of sub-item deadline.
The resource requirement of " work " unit time, is the main resource considered when a kind of optimization of selection, for being not required to
" work " of this resource is wanted, resource requirement is set as zero.
The resource requirement of individual event mesh unit time is equal to single project organic management and target control plan resource requirement
Summation divided by the individual event purpose duration；Equally, the resource requirement of sub-item unit time is equal to sub-item organization and administration and mesh
The summation of control plan resource requirement is marked divided by the duration of sub-item.
Optimization method of the invention:
Determine in combination project first projects organization and administration and target control plan or (and) project organic management and mesh
Mark controls the optimization sequence of the multistage system of planning: by projects organization and administration in combination project and target control plan or (and) item
Mesh organization and administration and the target control multistage system of planning, the rear elder generation of end time sequentially optimize；
When in combination project there are two or more than two project organic management and target control plan or (and) project organization
Management and the target control multistage system of planning, the end time it is identical and for the latest when, based on project organic management and target control
Draw or (and) in project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning, start non-key work ES the latestiIt is rear first sequence
It optimizes；(1)ESiIt is identical, FFiBig first optimization； (2)FFiAlso identical, place organization and administration and target control plan
υFIN 2Small first optimization；(3)υFIN 2Also identical, by the sequence of relative importance, first Optimal scheduling is posterior.
The present invention combines the organization and administration of project middle term mesh and the target control multistage system of planning, only carries out afterbody tissue
Management with target control plan time it is constant, combine project resource needs equilibrium optimization method:
(1) first by second level organization and administration with target control in the works, the organization and administration of each sub-item and target control meter
The duration drawn, in addition the local or motor-driven time difference FF of level-one organization and administration and target control sub-item in the worksi, then again into
Row second level, each sub-item organization and administration Yu target control plan time parameter calculate；
(2) on the basis of second level, the organization and administration of each sub-item and target control planned time parameter calculate, by three-level
Organization and administration with target control in the works, the organization and administration of each individual event purpose and duration of target control plan, in addition second level tissue
Individual event purpose is local in the works or motor-driven time difference FF for management and target controli, then re-start three-level, each individual event purpose tissue
The time parameter of management and target control plan calculates；
(3) respectively by projects organization and administration in combination project and target control plan and (or) project organic management and mesh
The afterbody that mark controls the multistage system of planning respectively organize with target control in the works, work in every earliest may beginning
Time draws its Gantt chart or vivid progress chart, and counts the resource requirement dynamic summary table of a combination thereof project；
(4) by three-level, the rear first sequence of each organization and administration and target control planned end time, by plan, each non-pass is pressed
Key work earliest may time started ESiIt is rear first sequence, by its part (or motor-driven) time difference FFiIn range, optimization (or it is right
Move) it is carried out to without this work, average resource needs amount least period.
When three-level, each organization and administration with target control in the works, there are two or more than two planned end times it is identical and
For the latest, according to plan in start non-key work time started (ES the latesti) rear elder generation sequentially optimize；ESiIt is identical, FFi
Big is first；FFiAlso identical, unit time resources requirement riFew is first；riAlso identical, total time difference TFiIt is big
First；TFiAlso identical, TiShort is first；TiAlso identical, υi 2Small is first；υi 2Also identical, σit 2Small is first；σit 2?
Identical, organizing, posterior work of sorting in the works with target control is first.
As the ES for having multinomial non-key work in the worksiIt is identical, FFiBig is first；FFiAlso identical, unit time money
Source demand riFew is first；riAlso identical, total time difference TFiBig is first；TFiAlso identical, TiShort is first；TiAlso identical
, υi 2Small is first；υi 2Also identical, σit 2Small is first；σit 2Also identical, it is organizing with target control in the works
Posterior work of sorting is first.
Wherein:
A. type work is affirmed:
at=mt=bt=Dt=t；σt 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
One step of every optimization, as the time (ES that it may start earliest at the beginning of being worked using after optimizationi), again into
The calculating of row time parameter repaints its Gantt chart or vivid progress chart, and counts resource and need dynamic table, then proceed to by
Above method optimizes；By the above optimization sequence and method, each plan is optimized to ST, that is, completes the excellent of a circulation
Change；The optimization of second circulation is then carried out by the above optimization method；……；Until being without optimizable non-key work
Only.
When two or more period average resource needs amounts are equal and for it is minimum when, be optimized to and started at the latest
Period；
Bonding relation is the work of STS, FTF, STF, STS and FTF, STS and STF, FTS and STF, is pressed in optimization process
One work optimizes；
The circulation optimized step by step to this completion；Then reversed duration control method is pressed, three-level is recalculated and respectively organizes
The time parameter and estimate variance of management and target control plan；It is respectively organized with three-level respectively and the work of target control plan
Phase and estimate variance, as second level organization and administration and target control corresponding individual event purpose duration and estimate variance in the works, then
Second level is re-started respectively to organize and the time parameter of target control plan and estimate variance calculating；Equally, respectively with second level
Each organization and administration organize to the duration of target control plan with estimate variance, as level-one corresponding in the works with target control
Then the duration of sub-item and estimate variance re-start time parameter and estimation of the level-one organization and administration with target control plan
Variance calculates；And it is respectively organized with three-level and needs total amount, respectively divided by each individual event purpose work with the resource of target control plan
Phase, the resource requirement as each individual event mesh unit time；Equally, it is respectively organized with second level and the resource of target control plan
Need total amount, respectively the resource requirement divided by the duration of each sub-item, as each sub-item unit time；Then by above by
Grade optimization method continues to optimize, until organizations at different levels' management and target control plan are all without optimizable non-key " work
Make " until.
By projects organization and administration in combination project and target control plan and (or) project organic management and target control
The resource that the rear elder generation of multistage system of planning end time is sequentially combined project needs balance optimizing, is that multi-cycle optimized
Journey；Until there is no optimizable non-key work in combination project.
Each intermediate item or taskings' management and target control plan or (and) project organic management and target control be multistage
System of planning any combination, be as a whole, carry out organization of unity management and target control each intermediate item or task groups
The dynamic combined of management and target control plan and (or) each intermediate item or taskings management and the target control system of planning is knitted,
The project or task combined exits combination with its completion, and by organization of unity management and target control requirement, new project
Or task is incorporated to a combination thereof at any time.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method, it is characterised in that: realize one
Each intermediate item of kind or taskings' management are organized with target control plan and (or) using decomposition step by step, formulation respectively at different levels
With target control plan, the project organic management of foundation and target control multistage system of planning any combination as a whole,
Duration is constant, wherein project organic management with the target control multistage system of planning using the complete of afterbody resources balance optimization
Scheme is realized by following steps:
Wherein the multistage system of planning, decomposed using sub-item step by step, individual event mesh and specific works three-level with project, it is each by formulating
Grade, each organization and administration and target control plan, establish the resource for project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning
Balance optimizing method is illustrated specific method of the invention:
Level of decomposition formulates the level-one organization and administration and target control plan, i.e. project organic management and target control meter of project
It draws；
Second level decompose, respectively formulate project second level organization and administration with target control plan, i.e., the organization and administration of each sub-item with
Target control plan；
Three-level is decomposed, and formulates the three levels of organization's management and target control plan of project respectively, i.e., the organization and administration of each individual event purpose with
Target control plan；
At different levels, each organization and administration and target control plan are formulated by the above process, establish project organic management and target control meter
The system of drawing；
Step (1) may be started by work in every earliest respectively according to projects organization and administration in combination and target control plan
Time draw its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing, wherein for decomposing step by step, at different levels formulating organization and administration and mesh respectively
Control plan is marked, the project of project organic management Yu the target control multistage system of planning is established, is then respectively organized with afterbody
Management and target control plan draw Gantt chart or vivid progress lateral road by the time that work in every may start earliest respectively
Figure；
Step (2) is multistage according to projects organization and administration in combination and target control plan, project organic management and target control
The afterbody of the system of planning respectively organize with the Gantt chart of target control plan or vivid progress gunter drawing, count resource
Demand dynamic congregate table；
Rear first sequence of the step (3) according to projects organization and administration in combination and target control planned end time, determines combination
The optimization sequence of middle projects organization and administration and target control plan；
Step (4) is by the organization and administration of the project organic management of optimization and the target control multistage system of planning, each sub-item of second level
With the duration of target control plan, in addition each sub-item level-one organization and administration with the local time difference of target control in the works, so
The time parameter for re-starting organization and administration Yu the target control plan of each sub-item of second level afterwards calculates；
Step (5) is on the basis that the organization and administration and target control planned time parameter for re-starting each sub-item of second level calculate
On, by the project organic management of optimization and each individual event purpose organization and administration of the target control multistage system of planning, three-level and target control
Make plan duration, in addition each individual event mesh second level organization and administration with the local time difference of target control in the works, then again into
Each individual event purpose organization and administration of row three-level and the time parameter of target control plan calculate；
Step (6) needs dynamic table according to group item purpose resource, successively more by the project organic management and target control of optimization
Grade the system of planning afterbody respectively organize with target control planned end time it is rear first sequence and by organization and administration and
Target control in the works non-key work earliest may the time started it is rear first sequence, it is one by one that it is excellent in local time difference range
Change to without this work mean unit time resource demand least period and carries out；One step of every optimization is opened with what is worked after optimization
Begin time of the time as its possible beginning earliest, re-starts the time parameter meter of linked groups' management and target control plan
It calculates, and re-starts the drafting of its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing, resource requirement dynamic table by above-mentioned steps and method
Statistics, then proceeds by optimization；
Step (7) is passed through after the completion of plan one by one, item by item optimization, that is, the optimization of a circulation is completed, then by excellent above
Change method continues to optimize, until without optimizable non-key work.
2. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
It is characterized in that, the combination project:
(1) according to project or the type of the decomposed sub-item of task (individual event mesh, specific works), project (sub-item, individual event mesh)
It is divided into type, non-type certainly and three kinds of mixed type certainly；
(2) according to when being overlapped between project or the decomposed sub-item of task (individual event mesh, specific works) away from type, project (divides
Project, individual event mesh) method for organizing is divided into type, non-type and three kinds of mixed type certainly certainly；
(3) project organic management and target control plan and at different levels, each organization and administration in all kinds of project organization multistage system of planning
With target control plan, comprising:
1) certainly type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), using the organization and administration and target control meter that type method for organizing is formulated certainly
It draws；
2) certainly type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), using the non-organization and administration and target control that type method for organizing is formulated certainly
Plan；
3) organization and administration and target control certainly type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), formulated using mixing sizing method for organizing
Plan；
4) non-affirmative type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), using the organization and administration and target control that type method for organizing is formulated certainly
Plan；
5) non-affirmative type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), the organization and administration and target control formulated using non-type method for organizing certainly
System plan；
6) non-affirmative type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), the organization and administration and target control formulated using mixing sizing method for organizing
System plan；
7) mixed type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), using the organization and administration and target control meter that type method for organizing is formulated certainly
It draws；
8) mixed type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), using the non-organization and administration and target control that type method for organizing is formulated certainly
Plan；
9) mixed type project (sub-item, individual event mesh), the organization and administration formulated using mixed type method for organizing and target control meter
It draws.
3. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
It is characterized in that, is controlled in combination project, by the duration step by step, decomposed step by step, at different levels formulate respectively organizes and target control meter
It draws, the project organic management of foundation and the time parameter calculation method of the target control multistage system of planning:
(1) level-one respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, it determines
FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
(2) second level respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, it determines
FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
Note: level-one organization and administration with target control in the works, the duration of sub-item, be second level sub-item organization and administration and target
The target duration of control plan；
(3) three-level respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, it determines
FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
Note: second level organization and administration with target control in the works, the individual event purpose duration, for three-level individual event purpose organization and administration and target
The target duration of control plan；
(4) second level respectively organizes and target control plan, the calculating of estimate variance: with the organization and administration of three-level individual event purpose and mesh
Mark control plan, the estimate variance of deadline, as second level organize with target control in the works, list project duration estimates
Variance is counted, the υ of organization and administration Yu the target control plan of each sub-item of second level is calculatedi 2；
(5) level-one respectively organizes and target control plan, the calculating of estimate variance: with the organization and administration of second level sub-item and mesh
Mark control plan, the estimate variance of deadline, as level-one organize with target control in the works, the sub-item duration estimates
Count variance, the υ of first order calculation organization and administration and target control plani 2。
4. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
It is characterized in that, is controlled in combination project, by the reversed duration step by step, step by step decomposition, the organization and administration of formulation respectively at different levels and target control
System plan, the project organic management of foundation and the time parameter calculation method of the target control multistage system of planning:
(1) three-level respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, it determines
FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
(2) second level respectively organizes and target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance: respectively with each individual event of three-level
Purpose organization and administration and the duration of target control plan and the estimate variance of duration, as second level organization and administration and target control meter
In drawing, the estimate variance of each individual event purpose duration and duration:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, it determines
FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
(3) level-one respectively organize with target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance: respectively itemized with second level respectively
Purpose organization and administration and the duration of target control plan and the estimate variance of duration, as level-one organization and administration and target control meter
In drawing, the estimate variance of the duration of each sub-item and duration:
1) project organic management to tight preceding organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, calculate ESi、EFi、υi 2；
2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, Lag is calculatedi-jAfterwards, it determines
FFi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi。
5. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
Be characterized in that: it is described, by work earliest may the time started it is rear first sequence, it is optimized in local time difference range one by one
Carried out without this work mean unit time resource demand least period, when there are two or more than two periods resource needs
Measure equal and when being minimum, being optimized to period the latest time started carries out.
6. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
Be characterized in that: it is described, by non-key work earliest may the time started it is rear first sequence, one by one by it in local time difference range
It is optimized to and is carried out without this work mean unit time resource demand least period, for using STS by technique requirement
(LTi), FTF(LTj), STF(LTi, LTj), STS and FTF(LTi, LTj), STS and STF(LTi, LTi', LTj), FTS and STF
(LT, LTi, LTj) one of organizational form work, optimized as a job.
7. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
Be characterized in that: the combination project, including carry out as a whole organization of unity management and target control each intermediate item or
Taskings' management and target control plan and (or) each intermediate item or taskings' management and the target control multistage system of planning
Dynamic any combination, i.e., project complete nature exit combination, increase the project of combination at any time as needed.
8. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
It is characterized in that the Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing according to projects organization and administration in combination and target control plan, system
Count out resource requirement dynamic congregate table；It is that the statistics for selecting a kind of main resource for needing to optimize to carry out resource requirement dynamic table is converged
Always, and the optimization of resource object is carried out；For not needing the work of this resource, resource requirement is set as zero.
9. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
It is characterized in that the step (7) are passed through after the completion of plan one by one, item by item optimization, that is, completes the optimization of a circulation, then
Continue to optimize by the above optimization method；It is to re-start project organic management and target control by reversed duration control method
After making the time parameter calculating of the multistage system of planning:
(1) by the project organic management of optimization and the target control multistage system of planning, the organization and administration of each sub-item of second level and mesh
The duration of control plan is marked, in addition then each sub-item is weighed in level-one organization and administration and the local time difference of target control in the works
The time parameter of new organization and administration Yu the target control plan for carrying out each sub-item of second level calculates；
It (2), will on the basis of the organization and administration and target control planned time parameter for re-starting each sub-item of second level calculate
The project organic management and the target control multistage system of planning of optimization, each individual event purpose organization and administration of three-level and target control plan
Duration, in addition each individual event mesh second level organization and administration with the local time difference of target control in the works, then re-start three-level
After the time parameter of each individual event purpose organization and administration and target control plan calculates, the combination project resource of next circulation is carried out
Need balanced optimization.
10. a kind of critical path method combination project, which is fallen into a trap, according to claim 1 draws system most rear class resources balance optimization method,
Be characterized in that: suitable for combination project step by step duration control, the reversed control of duration step by step, step by step with the work that is reversely combined step by step
The project organic management and the balance optimizing of the target control multistage system of planning that phase control is formulated and established.
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