CN110216933A - 石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110216933A CN110216933A CN201910567895.XA CN201910567895A CN110216933A CN 110216933 A CN110216933 A CN 110216933A CN 201910567895 A CN201910567895 A CN 201910567895A CN 110216933 A CN110216933 A CN 110216933A
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- fiber
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板及其制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(1)将纸蜂窝夹芯与底板通过粘结剂粘接;(2)将石墨烯气凝胶纤维填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中;(3)将纸蜂窝夹芯与面板通过粘结剂粘接,得到复合蜂窝板;(4)在复合蜂窝板的四周用无机保温材料密封,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。本发明的复合纸蜂窝板抗拉强度高、隔热性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板及其制备方法。
背景技术
蜂窝夹芯结构复合板是由上下两层面板和蜂窝芯粘合而成,当夹芯结构复合板承受弯曲载荷时,面板被拉伸,底板被压缩,由于蜂窝夹芯结构类似于连续排列的工字钢结构,可传递横向剪切,使其具有极佳的抗拉、抗弯特性和超轻型结构特征,因而得到广泛应用。传统蜂窝夹芯结构中的填充材料采用常规保温材料(如发泡纸、普通气凝胶),填充困难且增加了复合板总体重量,同时由于在蜂窝芯中填充材料导致蜂窝夹芯结构复合板的抗拉、抗弯能力下降,从而影响其使用性能;此外,传统蜂纸窝夹芯结构复合板采用硬纸作为复合板的主要材料,易燃,保温效果差。
CN105365325B公开了一种纸蜂窝夹芯结构复合板材,包括面板、纸蜂窝内芯、底板,复合板材上均匀分布有凸起,其中复合板材的厚度不变,面板和底板的材质是植物纤维或合成纤维,凸起的宽度为80~100mm,高度为10~12mm,密度为20~30个/m2。上述复合板材易燃,保温效果不佳。
CN109665862A公开了一种绝热结构板及其制备方法,首先配置气凝胶的前驱体,原料混合后搅拌均匀,原料配方为:30%以下的水、70%以下的溶剂,10%-50%的硅源、5%以下的酸性催化剂、30%以下的阻燃剂,而后在前驱体中添加催化剂后以浇注、喷淋或浸润的方式填充蜂窝板并固化,催化剂相对前驱体的添加比例为0.5:100-30:100,继而对填充固化后的蜂窝板进行干燥处理,最后对干燥后的复合蜂窝板进行修边和封边处理成型。上述方法制备的结构板,保温效果良好,但是抗弯效果不佳,总体重量较重。
CN208415769U公开了一种气凝胶复合夹心保温板,包括由外向内依次层叠并通过粘结剂相互粘接的面板、保温芯板和底板,保温芯板包括聚乙烯制作的蜂窝板,填充于蜂窝板的蜂窝孔内的气凝胶颗粒,以及粘接于蜂窝板外表面的橡胶板,面板包括两块天然石材板和粘接于两天然石材板之间的玻璃纤维网格布。上述复合夹心保温板,总体重量较重,抗弯能力不佳。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板的制备方法。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板,其具有抗拉强度高。进一步地,本发明的蜂窝纸板导热系数低、具有阻燃效果。
一方面,本发明提供一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将纸蜂窝夹芯与底板通过粘结剂粘接;
(2)将石墨烯气凝胶纤维填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中;
(3)将纸蜂窝夹芯与面板通过粘结剂粘接,得到复合蜂窝板;
(4)在复合蜂窝板的四周用无机保温材料密封,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,步骤(1)中,所述纸蜂窝夹芯通过以下方法制备:将原料纸板涂覆阻燃剂,25℃干燥后分切和连接,得到纸蜂窝夹芯;其中,所述的阻燃剂选自磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,步骤(2)中,所述的石墨烯气凝胶为纤维形状的石墨烯三维多孔材料,所述的石墨烯气凝胶纤维为0.1~5cm的短纤维,填充密度为10~70mg/ml。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,步骤(1)中,所述的纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔的孔径为1~60mm,纸蜂窝夹芯的面密度为0.1~60kg/m2。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,步骤(1)中,所述的底板选自硅酸钙板、水泥板、石膏板、石材、仿石材、金属板、纤维密度板板材中的一种或多种;步骤(3)中,所述的面板选自硅酸钙板、水泥板、石膏板、石材、仿石材、金属板、纤维密度板板材中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,步骤(1)和步骤(3)中,所述的粘结剂选自聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂、环氧树脂粘结剂、有机硅树脂粘结剂、硅酸盐粘结剂、磷酸盐粘结剂中一种或多种。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,步骤(4)中,所述的无机保温材料选自陶瓷纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡、石棉、岩棉中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,还包括石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤:以包括氧化石墨烯和水溶性海藻酸盐的原料制备得到。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,所述的石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤包括:
1)将氧化石墨烯与水混合形成氧化石墨烯分散液,将碱性物质与氧化石墨烯分散液混合得到氧化石墨烯溶液,然后将水溶性海藻酸盐与氧化石墨烯溶液混合得到纺丝液;
2)将纺丝液挤出至凝固浴中,得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维;
3)将氧化石墨烯湿纤维与还原剂溶液混合,在60~90℃下反应5~20h,得到石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维;
4)将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维经过冷冻、解冻和干燥,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。
另一方面,本发明提供一种石墨烯气凝胶复合纸蜂窝板,其通过上述制备方法得到。
石墨烯气凝胶纤维是纤维形状的石墨烯三维多孔材料,具有三维多孔结构,具有较高的强度和压缩回弹性,在纸蜂窝夹芯空腔中填充石墨烯气凝胶纤维可以进一步改善蜂窝纸板的抗拉性能和隔热效果。原料纸板涂覆阻燃剂,可以改善石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板的阻燃性能。本发明的石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板抗拉强度得到进一步提高。此外,本发明的复合纸蜂窝板导热系数低、隔热效果好,同时还具有阻燃效果。另外,本发明的方法工艺简单、易操作、适合大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为石墨烯气凝胶复合纸蜂窝板的正视图。
图2为石墨烯气凝胶复合纸蜂窝板的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
<复合纸蜂窝板的制备>
根据本发明所述的制备方法,所述的石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤包括:
(1)纸蜂窝夹芯与底板粘接步骤;(2)填充步骤;(3)纸蜂窝夹芯与面板粘接步骤;(4)密封步骤。下面进行详细说明。
步骤(1)中,将纸蜂窝夹芯与底板通过粘结剂粘接。底板与纸蜂窝夹芯的下表面粘接。粘结剂涂覆位置可在纸蜂窝夹芯的下表面,也可以在底板,或者二者都涂覆均可。底板可以选自硅酸钙板、水泥板、石膏板、石材、仿石材、金属板、纤维密度板板材中的一种或多种,优选为硅酸钙板或水泥板,更优选为硅酸钙板。粘结剂可以选自聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂、环氧树脂粘结剂、有机硅树脂粘结剂、硅酸盐粘结剂、磷酸盐粘结剂中一种或多种,优选为聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂或硅酸盐粘结剂,更优选为聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂。这样有利于改善抗拉强度。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,在纸蜂窝夹芯的下表面涂覆一层粘结剂,将底板与纸蜂窝夹芯的下表面粘接,加压粘接10~50min;加压粘接的压力可以为0.01~5MPa,优选为0.05~2MPa,更优选0.1~0.15MPa;加压粘接时间可以为10~50min,优选为20~45min,更优选为30~35min。这样有利于提高蜂窝板底板和蜂窝纸板之间粘结的牢固程度。
在本发明中,通过以下制备方法制备纸蜂窝夹芯:选取原料纸板涂覆阻燃剂。根据本发明的一个实施方式,原料纸板涂覆的阻燃剂可以为磷氮系阻燃剂,包括磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯;优选为聚氨酯阻燃剂、磷酸三丁酯;更优选为聚氨酯阻燃剂。这样有利于改善纸蜂窝夹芯的阻燃效果。
选取原料纸板涂覆阻燃剂,25℃干燥后分切和连接,制成纸蜂窝夹芯。原料纸板的连接方式为粘接。根据本发明的一个实施方式,粘结剂选自聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂、环氧树脂粘结剂、有机硅树脂粘结剂、硅酸盐粘结剂、磷酸盐粘结剂中一种或多种,优选为粘结剂选自聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂、环氧树脂粘结剂,更优选为聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂。
纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔的孔径为1~60mm,面密度为0.1~60kg/m2。根据本发明的一个实施方式,纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔的孔径可以为1~60mm,优选为5~50mm,更优选为10~30mm;蜂窝板的面密度可以为0.1~60kg/m2;优选为1~5kg/m2;更优选为1~3kg/m2。
步骤(2)中,将石墨烯气凝胶纤维填充于纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中。石墨烯气凝胶纤维为纤维形状的石墨烯三维多孔材料。可以采用本领域常规的方法将石墨烯气凝胶纤维填充于纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中。根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述的石墨烯气凝胶纤维是0.1~5cm的短纤维,石墨烯气凝胶纤维在纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔的填充密度为15~70mg/ml。石墨烯气凝胶纤维长度可以为0.1~5cm,优选为1~3cm,更优选为2~3cm;石墨烯气凝胶纤维在纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔的填充密度可以为10~70mg/ml;优选为15~60mg/ml,更优选为25~40mg/ml。这样有利于同时提高蜂窝板的抗拉性能和隔热效果。
在本发明中,石墨烯气凝胶纤维可以采用包括氧化石墨烯和水溶性海藻酸盐的原料制备得到。具体地,石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤包括:1)将氧化石墨烯与水混合形成氧化石墨烯分散液,然后将碱性物质与氧化石墨烯分散液混合得到氧化石墨烯溶液,将水溶性海藻酸盐与氧化石墨烯溶液混合得到纺丝液;2)将纺丝液挤出至凝固浴中,得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维;3)将氧化石墨烯湿纤维与还原剂溶液混合,在60~90℃下反应5~20h,得到石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维;4)将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维经过冷冻、解冻和干燥得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。
步骤(3)中,将纸蜂窝夹芯与面板通过粘结剂粘接,得到复合蜂窝板。面板与纸蜂窝夹芯的上表面粘接。粘结剂涂覆位置可在纸蜂窝夹芯的上表面,也可以在面板,或者二者都涂覆均可。底板可以选自硅酸钙板、水泥板、石膏板、石材、仿石材、金属板、纤维密度板板材中的一种或多种;优选为硅酸钙板或水泥板,更优选为硅酸钙板。粘结剂可以选自聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂、环氧树脂粘结剂、有机硅树脂粘结剂、硅酸盐粘结剂、磷酸盐粘结剂中一种或多种;优选为聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂或硅酸盐粘结剂;更优选为聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂。这样有利于改善抗拉强度。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,在纸蜂窝夹芯的上表面涂覆一层粘结剂,将面板与纸蜂窝夹芯的上表面粘接,加压粘接0.5~3h。加压粘接的压力可以为0.01~5MPa,优选为0.05~2MPa,更优选为0.1~0.15MPa;加压粘接时间可以为0.5~3h,优选为1~3h,更优选为2h。这样有利于提高面板、纸蜂窝夹芯和底板之间粘接的牢固程度。
步骤(4)中,在复合蜂窝板的四周用无机保温材料密封。无机保温材料选自陶瓷纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡、石棉、岩棉中的一种或多种;优选为陶瓷纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡,更优选陶瓷纤维毡。这样有利于进一步提高石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板的隔热效果。任选地在复合蜂窝板密封前,还包括释放压力得到复合蜂窝板的步骤。根据本发明的一个实施方式,释放压力后,固化静置8~24h,得到复合蜂窝板。静置时间可以为8~24h,优选为8~15h,更优选为10~12h。这样有利于改善复合蜂窝板的抗拉性能。
<石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备>
本发明的制备方法还可以包括石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤。由包括氧化石墨烯和水溶性海藻酸盐的原料制备得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。1)将氧化石墨烯与水混合形成氧化石墨烯分散液,然后将碱性物质与氧化石墨烯分散液混合,得到氧化石墨烯溶液,将水溶性海藻酸盐与氧化石墨烯溶液混合得到纺丝液;2)将氧化石墨烯溶液添加至凝固浴中,得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维;3)将氧化石墨烯湿纤维与还原剂溶液混合,在60~90℃下反应5~20h,得到石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维;4)将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维经过冷冻、解冻和干燥得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。
在步骤1)中,将氧化石墨烯与水混合形成氧化石墨烯分散液。混合的顺序并没有特别限定。根据本发明的一个实施方式,将氧化石墨烯加入水中进行分散,形成氧化石墨烯分散液。根据本发明的另一个实施方式,将水加入氧化石墨烯中进行分散,形成氧化石墨烯分散液。氧化石墨烯分散液中的氧化石墨烯浓度可以为4~10mg/ml,优选为5~9mg/ml,更优选为6~7mg/ml。这样有利于改善石墨烯气凝胶的壳层结构,从而改善导热系数。
将碱性物质与氧化石墨烯分散液混合,得到氧化石墨烯溶液。混合的顺序并没有特别限定。根据本发明的一个实施方式,将碱性物质加入氧化石墨烯分散液中,形成氧化石墨烯溶液。根据本发明的另一个实施方式,将氧化石墨烯溶液加入碱性物质中,形成氧化石墨烯溶液。碱性物质可以为氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠;优选为氢氧化钾。碱性物质可以以固体粉末的形式使用,或者以碱性水溶液的形式使用。碱性水溶液中的碱性物质的浓度为0.02~0.2mol/L,优选为0.03~0.15mol/L,更优选为0.05~0.1mol/L。超声分散的时间为3~15min,优选为5~9min,更优选为5~8min。这样有利于改善石墨烯气凝胶的壳层结构,从而改善导热系数。
将水溶性海藻酸盐与氧化石墨烯溶液混合,得到纺丝液。混合的顺序并没有特别限定。根据本发明的一个实施方式,将水溶性海藻酸盐加入氧化石墨烯溶液中,形成纺丝液。根据本发明的另一个实施方式,将氧化石墨烯加入水溶性海藻酸盐溶液中,形成纺丝液。水溶性海藻酸盐的浓度为0.02~0.2mol/L,优选为0.03~0.15mol/L,更优选为0.05~0.1mol/L。水溶性海藻酸盐可以为海藻酸钠。
在步骤2)中,将纺丝液挤出至凝固浴中,得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维。凝固浴是过量的,有利于氧化石墨烯湿纤维的凝固和有序排列。所述凝固浴优选为氯化钙水溶液,其中的氯化钙浓度为1~8wt%,优选为2~7wt%,更优选为3~5wt%。根据本发明的一个实施方式,将纺丝液通过挤出设备挤入氯化钙水溶液中,然后静置5~60min,优选为10~50min,更优选为15~30min。这样有利于形成湿纤维。滴加设备的口径可以为0.5~5mm,优选为1~3.5mm,更优选为1~2mm。挤出设备并没有特别限制,例如注射器等。静置后形成的湿纤维沉到容器底部,将凝固浴倒掉,加入大量去离子水清洗得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维。
在步骤3)中,将氧化石墨烯湿纤维与还原剂溶液混合,在60~90℃下反应5~20h,得到石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维。氧化石墨烯纤维与还原剂溶液混合进行还原反应。还原反应的温度可以为60~90℃,优选为65~85℃,更优选为70~80℃。还原反应的时间可以为5~20h,优选为8~15h,更优选为9~12h。这样可以兼顾生产效率和壳层结构的形成。还原剂溶液中的还原剂浓度为3~10g/L;优选为3.5~8g/L;更优选为4~6g/L。还原剂可以选自乙二胺、抗坏血酸钠、氢碘酸、草酸与碘化钾组合物、没食子酸、硫化钠、四硼酸钠中的一种或多种;优选为乙二胺或抗坏血酸钠。这样有利于改善石墨烯纤维的壳层结构,从而改善导热系数和强度。根据本发明的一个实施方式,还原剂溶液为3~10g/L,优选为3.5~8g/L,更优选为4~6g/L的抗坏血酸钠水溶液。
在步骤4)中,将石墨烯湿凝胶经过清洗、冷冻、解冻和干燥,得到石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维。根据本发明的一个实施方式,将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤采用水浸泡清洗10~36h,然后置于-10~-35℃下冷冻5~15h,随后在15~35℃下解冻,最后在常压下25~60℃下干燥,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。浸泡清洗可以采用去离子水或蒸馏水。浸泡清洗可以为10~36h,优选为15~30h,更优选为20~24h。清洗之后,将石墨烯湿凝胶冷冻,冷冻温度可以为-10~-35℃,优选为-15~-30℃,更优选为-20~-25℃。冷冻时间可以为5~15h,优选为8~13h,更优选为10~12h。冷冻之后的石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维在15~35℃,优选为16~30℃,更优选为20~25℃下解冻。解冻完成后,将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维在常压下干燥得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。常压为1atm左右。干燥温度为25~60℃,优选为28~50℃,更优选为30~35℃。
<复合纸蜂窝板>
本发明还提供上述制备方法得到的石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。复合纸蜂窝板的导热系数达到0.025W/(m·k)以下。抗拉强度达到0.15MPa以上,优选为0.20MPa以上。防火等级达到A级。
下面介绍以下实施例的测试方法:
导热系数:颗粒或粉料样品的导热系数测试采用瞬态热线法,参考GB/T 10297-2015《非金属固体材料导热系数的测定热线法》,将样品均匀填充到样品盒中,在两个样品盒中间置入线热源,热线源直接接触到样品。
防火等级:样品的燃烧性能测试参考GB/T 8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》。
抗拉强度:样品的抗拉强度参考GB/T 1452-2018《夹层结构平拉强度试验方法》进行测定。
以下实施例和比较例的蜂窝夹芯均采用尺寸为300×300×30mm,蜂窝夹芯的空腔的孔径为15mm,面密度为1kg/m2。
制备例1
(1)将500mg氧化石墨烯分散在100ml去离子水中得到浓度为5mg/ml的氧化石墨烯溶液。将0.56g氢氧化钾加入到氧化石墨烯溶液中,形成均相的氧化石墨烯溶液,将10mg/ml的海藻酸钠水溶液与氧化石墨烯溶液混合得到纺丝液。
(2)采用将纺丝液挤出至5wt%氯化钙水溶液中,静置30min,用去离子水清洗一遍,得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维。
(3)将氧化石墨烯湿纤维加入4g/L的抗坏血酸钠溶液中,在80℃下反应10h,制得石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维。
(4)将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维用去离子水浸泡清洗24h,在-20℃下冷冻10h,25℃下解冻,然后在30℃下干燥24h,切割为2cm短纤维,制得石墨烯气凝胶纤维。
实施例1
将一块原料纸板涂覆一层磷酸三丁酯阻燃剂,25℃干燥1h后,分切、粘接成尺寸为300×300×30mm,孔径为15mm的纸蜂窝夹芯。在纸蜂窝夹芯下表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,贴合300×300×2mm的硅酸钙板底板,0.1MPa加压30min。将石墨烯气凝胶纤维(制备例1)填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中,填充密度为35mg/ml。在纸蜂窝夹芯上表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,贴合300×300×5mm的硅酸钙面板,0.1MPa加压2h,释压固化12h,得到复合蜂窝板。在复合蜂窝板的四周用陶瓷纤维毡密封处理,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。
实施例2
将一块原料纸板涂覆一层磷酸三丁酯阻燃剂,25℃干燥1h后,分切、粘接成尺寸为300×300×30mm,孔径为15mm的纸蜂窝夹芯。在纸蜂窝夹芯下表面涂覆一层硅酸盐粘结剂,贴合300×300×2mm的硅酸钙板底板,0.1MPa加压30min,将石墨烯气凝胶填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中,填充密度为35mg/ml。在纸蜂窝夹芯上表面涂覆一层硅酸盐粘结剂,贴合300×300×5mm的硅酸钙面板,0.1MPa加压2h,释压固化12h,得到复合蜂窝板。在复合蜂窝板的四周用石棉条密封处理,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。
实施例3
将一块原料纸板涂覆一层磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯阻燃剂,25℃干燥1h后,分切、粘接成尺寸为300×300×30mm,孔径为15mm的纸蜂窝夹芯。在纸蜂窝夹芯下表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,贴合300×300×2mm的水泥底板,0.1MPa加压30min。将石墨烯气凝胶纤维,填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中,填充密度为35mg/ml。在纸蜂窝夹芯上表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,贴合300×300×5mm的水泥面板,0.1MPa加压2h,释压固化12h,得到复合蜂窝板。在复合蜂窝板的四周用陶瓷纤维毡密封处理,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。
实施例4
将一块原料纸板涂覆一层磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯阻燃剂,25℃干燥1h后,分切、粘接成尺寸300×400×30mm,孔径15mm的纸蜂窝夹芯。在纸蜂窝夹芯下表面涂覆一层硅酸盐粘结剂,贴合300×400×2mm的水泥板底板,0.1MPa加压30min,将石墨烯气凝胶纤维,填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中,填充密度为35mg/ml。在纸蜂窝夹芯上表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,贴合300×300×5mm的水泥面板,0.1MPa加压2h,释压固化12h,得到复合蜂窝板。在复合蜂窝板的四周用陶瓷纤维毡密封处理,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。
比较例1
将一块原料纸板,分切、粘接成尺寸300×400×30mm,孔径15mm的纸蜂窝夹芯。在纸蜂窝夹芯下表面涂覆一层环氧树脂粘结剂,形成第一粘结层,贴合300×300×2mm的硅酸钙板作为底板,0.1MPa下加压粘接30min。将二氧化硅气凝胶填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中。在纸蜂窝夹芯的上表面涂覆一层环氧树脂粘结剂,形成第二粘结层,贴合300×300×5mm的硅酸钙板作为面板,0.1MPa下加压2h,释放压力,固化静置12h,得到复合蜂窝板。在复合蜂窝板的四周用玻璃纤维毡密封处理,得到二氧化硅气凝胶复合纸蜂窝板。
比较例2
将一块原料纸板,分切、粘接成尺寸300×400×30mm,孔径15mm的纸蜂窝夹芯。在纸蜂窝夹芯下表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,形成第一粘结层,贴合300×300×2mm的水泥板作为底板,0.1MPa下加压粘接30min。将二氧化硅气凝胶填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中。在纸蜂窝夹芯的上表面涂覆一层聚氨酯粘结剂,形成第二粘结层,贴合300×300×5mm的水泥板作为面板,0.1MPa下加压2h,释放压力,固化静置12h,得到复合蜂窝板。在复合蜂窝板的四周用玻璃纤维毡密封处理,得到二氧化硅气凝胶复合纸蜂窝板。
对实施例1~4、比较例1~2得到的复合纸蜂窝板进行测试,结果如下表所示:
表1
编号 | 导热系数,W/(m·k) | 抗拉强度,MPa | 面密度,kg/m<sup>2</sup> | 防火等级 |
实施例1 | 0.020 | 0.19 | 16.5 | A |
实施例2 | 0.017 | 0.15 | 15.4 | A |
实施例3 | 0.016 | 0.17 | 18.4 | A |
实施例4 | 0.018 | 0.16 | 18.6 | A |
比较例1 | 0.030 | 0.13 | 20.2 | A |
比较例2 | 0.031 | 0.12 | 20.5 | A |
本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下,本领域技术人员可以想到的任何变形、改进、替换均落入本发明的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将纸蜂窝夹芯与底板通过粘结剂粘接;
(2)将石墨烯气凝胶纤维填充至纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔中;
(3)将纸蜂窝夹芯与面板通过粘结剂粘接,得到复合蜂窝板;
(4)在复合蜂窝板的四周用无机保温材料密封,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述纸蜂窝夹芯通过以下方法制备:将原料纸板涂覆阻燃剂,25℃干燥后分切和连接,得到纸蜂窝夹芯;其中,所述的阻燃剂为选自磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的石墨烯气凝胶为纤维形状的石墨烯三维多孔材料,所述的石墨烯气凝胶纤维为0.1~5cm的短纤维,填充密度为10~70mg/ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的纸蜂窝夹芯的空腔的孔径为1~60mm,纸蜂窝夹芯的面密度为0.1~60kg/m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的底板选自硅酸钙板、水泥板、石膏板、石材、仿石材、金属板、纤维密度板板材中的一种或多种;步骤(3)中,所述的面板选自硅酸钙板、水泥板、石膏板、石材、仿石材、金属板、纤维密度板板材中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)和步骤(3)中,所述的粘结剂选自聚氨酯阻燃粘结剂、环氧树脂粘结剂、有机硅树脂粘结剂、硅酸盐粘结剂、磷酸盐粘结剂中一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述的无机保温材料选自陶瓷纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡、石棉、岩棉中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤:以包括氧化石墨烯和水溶性海藻酸盐的原料制备得到。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的石墨烯气凝胶纤维的制备步骤包括:
1)将氧化石墨烯与水混合形成氧化石墨烯分散液,将碱性物质与氧化石墨烯分散液混合得到氧化石墨烯溶液,然后将水溶性海藻酸盐与氧化石墨烯溶液混合得到纺丝液;
2)将纺丝液挤出至凝固浴中,得到氧化石墨烯湿纤维;
3)将氧化石墨烯湿纤维与还原剂溶液混合,在60~90℃下反应5~20h,得到石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维;
4)将石墨烯气凝胶湿纤维经过清洗、冷冻、解冻和干燥,得到石墨烯气凝胶纤维。
10.一种石墨烯气凝胶纤维复合纸蜂窝板,其特征在于,根据权利要求1~9任一项所述的方法制备得到。
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