CN105672506A - 一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板 - Google Patents
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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Abstract
本发明提供一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,复合夹心保温防火板由上下面层和岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶中间层组成。本发明的气凝胶复合夹心防火保温板材,满足集成化房屋安装的需求,并且可以任意切割,方便施工,应用方便;结合了气凝胶和硫氧镁构造板的防火优势,具备了防火和保温的双重效果,制得的产品的导热系数较现有技术提高了3倍左右。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保温防火板,具体涉及一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板。
背景技术
气凝胶是固体物质中导热系数最低的材料,仅仅略高于真空,大约为0.013W/m·K。气凝胶还具有极低的密度,是世界上公认的密度最小的固体,最低密度可以做到3kg/m3,比空气的密度略高。因此气凝胶是世界上保温效果最好、密度最小的保温材料。
氧化硅气凝胶的主体成分为二氧化硅,具有极好的耐高温和低温的性能,耐火温度可以高达1000度以上。因此气凝胶与传统的有机保温材料(聚氨酯、XPS、EPS保温板等)和无机保温材料(保温砂浆、岩棉等)相比较,其显著地特征是导热系数低、密度小、耐火温度高,具备了有机保温材料和无机保温材料两者的优势。
目前夹芯板的做法大部分是面板和芯材用胶凝材料粘结为一体,面板大部分采用硅酸钙板或者彩钢等,芯材采用EPS、XPS、聚氨酯、岩棉等保温材料,粘结材料采用聚氨酯、玻璃胶等有机材料。
传统保温夹芯板的缺点:
1.芯材采用EPS、XPS、聚氨酯等有机保温材料,防护等级低,最好的耐火温度在180℃左右,并且着火之后容易放出有毒性的物质,VOC放射量过高;
2.岩棉保温防火等级较高,可以达到A级防火,但是岩棉吸水率高,容易失去保温效果,并且岩棉在吸水之后容易脱落,造成安全事故,为住户和行人带来安全隐患;
3.面板采用彩钢或者硅酸钙板,在着火的情况下,传热快,容易引起内部保温材料的燃烧。
中国专利号CN204826264U披露了一种气凝胶复合夹心防火保温板材,所得该复合板材虽然防火保温性能有所提高,但是其夹心层的防火和保温性能依然受到限制。
发明内容
为了提高复合板的防火和保温性能,本发明提出一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,得到保温和防火效果优异的夹心复合板。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了采用下述技术方案:
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,复合夹心保温防火板由上下面层和岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶中间层组成。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第一优选方案,中间层的导热系数为0.017~0.2W/m·K;密度80~180kg/m3;吸水率小于3%;防火级别属于A级防火。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第二优选方案,中间层厚度为10~20mm,面层厚度为4~12mm。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第三优选方案,上下面层分别为硫氧镁构造板和硅酸钙板;或者两面均用硅酸钙板替代;或者其中一面为硫氧镁板或硅酸钙板,而另外一面不做处理。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第四优选方案,上下层和中间层间用聚氨酯、有机粘结砂浆或玻璃胶进行辊平粘接。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第五优选方案,复合夹心保温防火板的防火级别为A级,整体耐火温度高于650℃。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第六优选方案,岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶的制备方法如下:
(1)硅铝复合溶胶的制备:将硅溶胶和铝溶胶混合均匀,制得硅铝复合溶胶;
(2)浸胶:通过浸渍工艺使硅铝复合溶胶浸入岩棉中,得到硅铝复合溶胶与岩棉的混合物;
(3)凝胶:将步骤(2)所得混合物置于60至80℃的环境中,使混合物的硅铝复合溶胶发生凝胶,得到岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第七优选方案,硅铝复合溶胶中硅溶胶的质量含量为60~70%。
一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板的第八优选方案,岩棉是由下列重量份的原料玄武岩、石灰石、矿渣、焦炭、硅藻土及酚醛树脂粘结剂适量压制而得,岩棉在所述岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶中的质量比为50~70%。
与最接近的现有技术相比,本发明提供的技术方案具有以下优异效果:
1.本发明满足集成化房屋安装的需求,并且可以任意切割,方便施工,应用方便;
2.本发明结合了复合气凝胶和硅酸钙板或硫氧镁板的防火优势,具备了优异的防火和保温的双重效果;
3.本发明可以使常压法生产的复合气凝胶大规模的应用与外墙外保温,带来巨大的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例作进一步详细说明,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一、岩棉的制备
按重量份计将玄武岩75份、石灰石6份、矿渣10份、焦炭25份、萤石3份、硅藻土1份混合粉碎加入冲天炉,炉温1470-1570℃,充入液氧,熔融,岩浆通过四辊离心机成纤,出口处喷洒酚醛树脂粘结剂,经过集棉、摆锤机铺棉后,进入压棉机,固化后制得岩棉。
二、纤维增强复合气凝胶的制备
(1)硅凝胶的制备:将硅酸乙酯、乙醇、氨水和去离子水配制成硅溶胶;
(2)铝溶胶的制备:将异丙醇铝、乙酰丙酮、氨水和异丙醇和去离子水配制成铝溶胶;
(3)硅铝复合溶液的制备:将所述硅溶胶和所述铝溶胶混合均匀,制得硅铝复合溶胶;
(4)浸胶:通过浸渗工艺使所述硅铝复合溶胶浸入岩棉中,得到硅铝复合溶胶与岩棉的混合物;
(5)凝胶:将步骤(4)中得到的所述混合物置于60~80℃的环境中,使所述混合物中的所述复合溶胶发生凝胶,得到硅铝复合凝胶;
(6)老化:通过加入老化用乙醇进行24小时至48小时老化;
(7)超临界干燥,将经过老化的硅铝复合凝胶进行超临界干燥处理,得到所述硅铝气凝胶复合材料。
三、硅酸钙板和硫氧镁板的制备
硅酸钙板:将硅酸钙微粉、增强纤维和水搅拌混合均匀制得,其中硅酸钙微粉的质量百分比为5~40%,增强纤维为5~25%,其余为水。硅酸钙微粉为粉煤灰、煤矸石、高岭石或高龄土提取氧化铝联产的硅酸钙中的一种或几种;增强纤维为无机矿物纤维、纤维素纤维或合成高分子纤维中的一种或几种,纤维用量为硅酸钙微粉质量的5-25%。
硫氧镁板:氧化镁粉末与无水硫酸镁按按质量比1:1.2~1.5搅拌混合,加入其总重量1%的增强剂,0.5~1%的减水剂后充分搅拌,挤压养护制得。
四、复合保温防火板的制备
上下面层和纤维增强复合气凝胶中间层间用聚氨酯、有机粘结砂浆或玻璃胶进行辊平粘接,即得到复合保温防火板。
表1-3分别为纤维增强复合气凝胶的原料及其比例,硅酸钙板和硫氧镁板的原料及其比例和制得的复合保温防火板的性能测试。
表1纤维增强复合气凝胶的原料及其比例
表2硅酸钙板和硫氧镁板的原料及其比例
将上述制备的产品,1#和1*制得复合保温防火板1号,对应制得2和3号;无夹心层的两面制备的保温防火板为对比例,对上述各产品进行导热系数测试,测试结果如表3所述:
表3各实施例产品对应的性能参数
从表中可知,纤维针刺毡增强的复合气凝胶能够有效降低复合保温防火板的导热系数,进而起到良好的保温防火功能。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解,参照上述实施例可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换,这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述复合夹心保温防火板由上下面层和岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶中间层组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述中间层的导热系数为0.017~0.2W/m·K;密度80~180kg/m3;吸水率小于3%;为A级防火级。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述中间层厚度为10~20mm,所述面层厚度为4~12mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述上下面层分别为硫氧镁板和硅酸钙板、或两面层均用硅酸钙板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述的硅酸钙板由按质量百分比计的5~40%硅酸钙微粉和5~25%增强纤维用余量的水混合制得。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述硫氧镁板为将氧化镁粉末与无水硫酸镁按1:1.2~1.5的量比混合,按总重量1%和0.5~1%的比例分别加入增强剂和减水剂,挤压养护后制得。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述上下层和中间层间用聚氨酯、有机粘结砂浆或玻璃胶进行辊平粘接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述复合夹心保温防火板为A级防火板,整体耐火温度高于650℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶的制备方法如下:
(1)硅铝复合溶胶的制备:将硅溶胶和铝溶胶混合均匀,制得硅铝复合溶胶;
(2)浸胶:通过浸渍工艺使所述硅铝复合溶胶浸入所述岩棉中,得到硅铝复合溶胶与岩棉的混合物;
(3)凝胶:将所述混合物置于60至80℃的环境中,使所述混合物的所述硅铝复合溶胶发生凝胶,得到所述岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种岩棉硅铝气凝胶复合夹心保温防火板,其特征在于,所述硅铝复合溶胶中硅溶胶的摩尔含量比为60~70%;所述岩棉是由下列重量份的原料玄武岩、石灰石、矿渣、焦炭、硅藻土及酚醛树脂粘结剂压制而得,所述岩棉在所述岩棉增强的硅铝气凝胶中的质量比为50~70%。
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