CN110210659B - 一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法 - Google Patents

一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法 Download PDF

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CN110210659B
CN110210659B CN201910438855.5A CN201910438855A CN110210659B CN 110210659 B CN110210659 B CN 110210659B CN 201910438855 A CN201910438855 A CN 201910438855A CN 110210659 B CN110210659 B CN 110210659B
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吴文传
张伯明
栗子豪
孙宏斌
王彬
郭庆来
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

本发明提出一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法,属于电力系统规划与评估技术领域。该方法构建由目标函数和约束条件构成的配电网规划模型,将可靠性指标作为约束纳入到配电网规划问题中,通过约束间的耦合关系精确描述可靠性指标,使得求解该配电网规划模型得到的解必然满足设定的可靠性约束,得到最优的配电网规划方案。该方法避免了传统配电网规划方法采用先规划后验证可靠性指标的迭代求解方式,而是直接求得满足可靠性约束的电网规划方案,保证了规划方案的最优性,同时大大减少了配电网规划的计算时间。

Description

一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法
技术领域
本发明属于电力系统规划与评估技术领域,特别涉及一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法。
背景技术
在配电网规划问题中,可靠性是评价规划网络性能的重要指标。在配电网规划领域,可靠性是指电力系统持续满足终端用户电力需求数量和质量的能力。配电网可靠性主要包括以下几个指标:用户中断频率(customer interruption frequency(CIF))、用户中断持续时间(customer interruption duration(CID))、系统年平均中断频率指数(systemaverage interruption frequency index(SAIFI))、系统年平均中断持续时间指数(system average interruption duration index(SAIDI))和期望失负荷能量(expectedenergy not supplied(EENS))。
由于可靠性指标的计算过程表现为统计故障事件发生的概率时间,在传统的配电网规划方法中,通常采用求解不考虑可靠性的规划模型、计算检验可靠性指标两步迭代的方式生成满足可靠性要求的规划方案。在计算可靠性指标时,通过随机生成模拟根据设备故障和故障率生成众多的蒙特卡罗样本,并对其进行统计得到可靠性指标。这种方法耗时较长,需要较大的存储空间,且经常得到电气设备容量负载比较低或者可靠性要求不能完全满足的次优规划方案,使得规划得到的电网一次投资成本较高且无法满足可靠性要求。
如果将可靠性约束包含到配电网规划模型中,往往会破坏原有规划问题的可解性,必须使用一些启发式方法近似求解这些模型,如进化算法和粒子群算法。显然,启发式方法只能为决策者提供相对次优解决方案,这可能是保守和不稳定的。如何在配电网规划中同时地将可靠性约束考虑进来,称为备受关注和亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服已有技术的不足之处,提出一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法。本发明实现将精确计算配电网可靠性指标作为约束纳入配电网规划模型中,通过求解该模型直接得到满足可靠性指标的规划方案,避免了传统配电网规划的迭代计算,保证了规划方案的最优性。
本发明提出一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)构建考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体如下:
1-1)确定模型的目标函数;
该模型的目标函数为最小化配电网投资成本,如式所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000021
其中,CI为配电网投资成本,
Figure GDA0002888802720000022
为类型a导线的成本,
Figure GDA0002888802720000023
为支路ij是否新建类型a的导线,
Figure GDA0002888802720000024
为新建,
Figure GDA0002888802720000025
为不新建,Υ表示所有支路的集合,ΛB为所有导线类型的集合,
Figure GDA0002888802720000026
为类型a变压器的成本,
Figure GDA0002888802720000027
为变压器节点f是否新建类型a的变压器,
Figure GDA0002888802720000028
为新建,
Figure GDA0002888802720000029
为不新建,ΨF表示所有变压器节点的集合,ΛT为所有变压器类型的集合,
Figure GDA00028888027200000210
为s节点新建变电站的成本,us∈{0,1}为s节点是否新建变电站,us=1为新建,us=0为不新建,ΨSS表示所有变电站节点的集合;
1-2)确定模型的约束条件包;具体如下:
1-2-1)配电网功率平衡约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000211
Figure GDA00028888027200000212
其中,
Figure GDA00028888027200000213
表示在支路xy发生故障时i节点的负荷;如果xy=0,则表示支路xy为正常运行状态;
Figure GDA00028888027200000214
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上由j节点流向i节点的功率,Ψi表示与i节点直接相连的支路集合,ΨLN表示负荷节点集合;
1-2-2)支路功率约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000215
Figure GDA00028888027200000216
其中,M为正数,
Figure GDA00028888027200000217
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上开关的状态,
Figure GDA00028888027200000218
表示开关闭合,
Figure GDA00028888027200000219
表示开关打开,
Figure GDA00028888027200000220
表示支路ij额定容量;
1-2-3)变压器功率约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000221
Figure GDA00028888027200000222
其中,
Figure GDA00028888027200000223
为在支路xy发生故障时变压器f的功率,
Figure GDA00028888027200000224
为在支路xy发生故障时连接变压器的支路trf由变压器节点流向下游节点的功率;
1-2-4)配电网辐射状运行约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000031
Figure GDA0002888802720000032
Figure GDA0002888802720000033
Figure GDA0002888802720000034
Figure GDA0002888802720000035
Figure GDA0002888802720000036
Figure GDA0002888802720000037
Figure GDA0002888802720000038
Figure GDA0002888802720000039
其中,
Figure GDA00028888027200000310
为在支路xy发生故障时i节点关于变压器f的从属标志,
Figure GDA00028888027200000311
则i节点由变压器f供电,
Figure GDA00028888027200000312
则i节点不由变压器f供电,
Figure GDA00028888027200000313
为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij关于变压器f的从属标志,
Figure GDA00028888027200000314
则支路ij由变压器f供电,
Figure GDA00028888027200000315
则支路ij不由变压器f供电,
Figure GDA00028888027200000316
为在支路xy发生故障时i节点是否被供电的标志,
Figure GDA00028888027200000317
表示被供电,
Figure GDA00028888027200000318
表示不被供电;
1-2-5)故障约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000319
Figure GDA00028888027200000320
Figure GDA00028888027200000321
Figure GDA00028888027200000322
其中,
Figure GDA00028888027200000323
为在支路xy发生故障时i节点是否被影响,
Figure GDA00028888027200000324
表示被影响,
Figure GDA00028888027200000325
表示没被影响;
1-2-6)可靠性指标计算约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000326
Figure GDA0002888802720000041
Figure GDA0002888802720000042
Figure GDA0002888802720000043
Figure GDA0002888802720000044
Figure GDA0002888802720000045
其中,CIDi表示i节点的用户中断持续时间,λxy表示支路xy的年故障率,
Figure GDA0002888802720000046
表示支路xy的故障开关动作中断时间,
Figure GDA0002888802720000047
表示支路xy的故障修复中断时间,CIFi表示i节点的用户中断频率,NCi为给定的i节点的用户数量,SAIDI表示系统年平均中断频率指数,SAIFI为系统年平均中断持续时间指数,ASAI为系统平均供电指数,EENS为期望失负荷能量,B为所有负荷水平的集合,Δh为负荷水平h的年持续小时数,μh≤1为负荷水平h的峰值负荷比,Li表示i节点的峰值负荷;
1-2-7)可靠性指标约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000048
SAIDI≤ε (28)
其中,εi表示i节点的用户中断持续时间要求,ε表示系统年平均中断持续时间要求;
1-2-8)投资逻辑约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000049
Figure GDA00028888027200000410
Figure GDA00028888027200000411
Figure GDA00028888027200000412
Figure GDA00028888027200000413
Figure GDA00028888027200000414
其中,lij∈{0,1}表示支路ij是否有线路,lij=1为有,lij=0为无,
Figure GDA00028888027200000415
为类型a导线的额定容量,of∈{0,1}表示变压器f节点是否有变压器,of=1为有,of=0为无,
Figure GDA0002888802720000051
为类型a变压器的额定容量,
Figure GDA0002888802720000052
为属于s节点变电站的变压器节点的集合;
2)根据目标函数和约束条件-,求解步骤1)建立的优化模型,得到的
Figure GDA0002888802720000053
和us即为配电网最优规划方案。
本发明的特点及有益效果在于:
本发明将精确计算配电网可靠性指标作为约束纳入配电网规划模型中,通过求解该模型直接得到满足可靠性指标的规划方案,避免了传统配电网规划的迭代计算,减少计算时间,保证了规划方案的最优性。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法,下面结合具体实施例进一步详细说明如下。
本发明提出的一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法,包括以下步骤:
1)构建考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体如下:
1-1)确定模型的目标函数;
该模型的目标函数为最小化配电网投资成本,如式所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000054
其中CI为配电网投资成本,
Figure GDA0002888802720000055
为类型a导线的成本,
Figure GDA0002888802720000056
为支路ij是否新建类型a的导线(
Figure GDA0002888802720000057
为新建,
Figure GDA0002888802720000058
为不新建),Υ表示所有支路的集合,ΛB为所有导线类型的集合,
Figure GDA0002888802720000059
为类型a变压器的成本,
Figure GDA00028888027200000510
为变压器节点f是否新建类型a的变压器(
Figure GDA00028888027200000511
为新建,
Figure GDA00028888027200000512
为不新建),ΨF表示所有变压器节点的集合,ΛT为所有变压器类型的集合,
Figure GDA00028888027200000513
为s节点新建变电站的成本,us∈{0,1}为s节点是否新建变电站(us=1为新建,us=0为不新建),ΨSS表示所有变电站节点的集合。
1-2)确定模型的约束条件包;具体如下:
1-2-1)配电网功率平衡约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000514
Figure GDA00028888027200000515
其中
Figure GDA00028888027200000516
表示在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)i节点的负荷,
Figure GDA0002888802720000061
表示在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)支路ij上由j节点流向i节点的功率,Ψi表示与i节点直接相连的支路集合,ΨLN表示负荷节点集合。
1-2-2)支路功率约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000062
Figure GDA0002888802720000063
其中,M为给定任意取值较大的数(需要大于配电网所有线路中最大容量
Figure GDA0002888802720000064
的值,本实例中取为1000000000),
Figure GDA0002888802720000065
表示在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)支路ij上开关的状态(
Figure GDA0002888802720000066
表示开关闭合,
Figure GDA0002888802720000067
表示开关打开),
Figure GDA0002888802720000068
表示支路ij额定容量。
1-2-3)变压器功率约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000069
Figure GDA00028888027200000610
其中,
Figure GDA00028888027200000611
为在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)变压器f的功率,
Figure GDA00028888027200000612
为在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)连接变压器的支路trf由变压器节点流向下游节点的功率。
1-2-4)配电网辐射状运行约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000613
Figure GDA00028888027200000614
Figure GDA00028888027200000615
Figure GDA00028888027200000616
Figure GDA00028888027200000617
Figure GDA00028888027200000618
Figure GDA00028888027200000619
Figure GDA00028888027200000620
Figure GDA00028888027200000621
其中,
Figure GDA0002888802720000071
为在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)i节点关于变压器f的从属标志(
Figure GDA0002888802720000072
则i节点由变压器f供电,
Figure GDA0002888802720000073
则i节点不由变压器f供电),
Figure GDA0002888802720000074
为在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)支路ij关于变压器f的从属标志(
Figure GDA0002888802720000075
则支路ij由变压器f供电,
Figure GDA0002888802720000076
则支路ij不由变压器f供电),
Figure GDA0002888802720000077
为在支路xy发生故障时(如果xy=0,则表示支路xy正常运行状态时)i节点是否被供电的标志(
Figure GDA0002888802720000078
表示被供电,
Figure GDA0002888802720000079
表示不被供电)。
1-2-5)故障约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000710
Figure GDA00028888027200000711
Figure GDA00028888027200000712
Figure GDA00028888027200000713
其中,
Figure GDA00028888027200000714
为在支路xy发生故障时i节点是否被影响(
Figure GDA00028888027200000715
表示被影响,
Figure GDA00028888027200000716
表示没被影响)。
1-2-6)可靠性指标计算约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA00028888027200000717
Figure GDA00028888027200000718
Figure GDA00028888027200000719
Figure GDA00028888027200000720
Figure GDA00028888027200000721
Figure GDA00028888027200000722
其中CIDi表示i节点的用户中断持续时间,λxy表示支路xy(如果xy=trf,f∈ΨF时表示变压器f)的年故障率,
Figure GDA00028888027200000723
表示支路xy(如果xy=trf,f∈ΨF时表示变压器f)的故障开关动作中断时间(具体为从故障发生后到故障支路开关动作的时间),
Figure GDA00028888027200000724
表示支路xy(如果xy=trf,f∈ΨF时表示变压器f)的故障修复中断时间(具体为从故障发生后到故障修复的时间),CIFi表示i节点的用户中断频率,NCi为给定的i节点的用户数量,SAIDI表示系统年平均中断频率指数,SAIFI为系统年平均中断持续时间指数,ASAI为系统平均供电指数,EENS为期望失负荷能量,B为所有负荷水平的集合,Δh为负荷水平h的年持续小时数,μh≤1为负荷水平h的峰值负荷比,Li表示i节点的峰值负荷。
1-2-7)可靠性指标约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000081
SAIDI≤ε (28)
其中εi表示i节点的用户中断持续时间要求(通常为5分钟至3小时),ε表示系统年平均中断持续时间要求(通常为5分钟至3小时)。
1-2-8)投资逻辑约束,如式-所示:
Figure GDA0002888802720000082
Figure GDA0002888802720000083
Figure GDA0002888802720000084
Figure GDA0002888802720000085
Figure GDA0002888802720000086
Figure GDA0002888802720000087
其中,lij∈{0,1}表示支路ij是否有线路(lij=1为有,lij=0为无),
Figure GDA0002888802720000088
为类型a导线的额定容量,of∈{0,1}表示变压器f节点是否有变压器(of=1为有,of=0为无),
Figure GDA0002888802720000089
为类型a变压器的额定容量,
Figure GDA00028888027200000810
为属于s节点变电站的变压器节点的集合。
2)根据目标函数和约束条件-,求解步骤1)建立的优化模型,得到的
Figure GDA00028888027200000811
和us即为所求的配电网最优规划方案。

Claims (1)

1.一种考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)构建考虑可靠性约束的配电网规划模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体如下:
1-1)确定模型的目标函数;
该模型的目标函数为最小化配电网投资成本,如式所示:
Figure FDA0002888802710000011
其中,CI为配电网投资成本,
Figure FDA0002888802710000012
为类型a导线的成本,
Figure FDA0002888802710000013
为支路ij是否新建类型a的导线,
Figure FDA0002888802710000014
为新建,
Figure FDA0002888802710000015
为不新建,Υ表示所有支路的集合,ΛB为所有导线类型的集合,
Figure FDA0002888802710000016
为类型a变压器的成本,
Figure FDA0002888802710000017
为变压器节点f是否新建类型a的变压器,
Figure FDA0002888802710000018
为新建,
Figure FDA0002888802710000019
为不新建,ΨF表示所有变压器节点的集合,ΛT为所有变压器类型的集合,
Figure FDA00028888027100000110
为s节点新建变电站的成本,us∈{0,1}为s节点是否新建变电站,us=1为新建,us=0为不新建,ΨSS表示所有变电站节点的集合;
1-2)确定模型的约束条件包;具体如下:
1-2-1)配电网功率平衡约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA00028888027100000111
Figure FDA00028888027100000112
其中,
Figure FDA00028888027100000113
表示在支路xy发生故障时i节点的负荷;如果xy=0,则表示支路xy为正常运行状态;
Figure FDA00028888027100000114
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上由j节点流向i节点的功率,Ψi表示与i节点直接相连的支路集合,ΨLN表示负荷节点集合;
1-2-2)支路功率约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA00028888027100000115
Figure FDA00028888027100000116
其中,M为正数,
Figure FDA00028888027100000117
表示在支路xy发生故障时支路ij上开关的状态,
Figure FDA00028888027100000118
表示开关闭合,
Figure FDA00028888027100000119
表示开关打开,
Figure FDA00028888027100000120
表示支路ij额定容量;
1-2-3)变压器功率约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA00028888027100000121
Figure FDA00028888027100000122
其中,
Figure FDA0002888802710000021
为在支路xy发生故障时变压器f的功率,
Figure FDA0002888802710000022
为在支路xy发生故障时连接变压器的支路trf由变压器节点流向下游节点的功率;
1-2-4)配电网辐射状运行约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA0002888802710000023
Figure FDA0002888802710000024
Figure FDA0002888802710000025
Figure FDA0002888802710000026
Figure FDA0002888802710000027
Figure FDA0002888802710000028
Figure FDA0002888802710000029
Figure FDA00028888027100000210
Figure FDA00028888027100000211
其中,Fi f,xy为在支路xy发生故障时i节点关于变压器f的从属标志,Fi f,xy=1则i节点由变压器f供电,Fi f,xy=0则i节点不由变压器f供电,
Figure FDA00028888027100000212
为在支路xy发生故障时支路ij关于变压器f的从属标志,
Figure FDA00028888027100000213
则支路ij由变压器f供电,
Figure FDA00028888027100000214
则支路ij不由变压器f供电,
Figure FDA00028888027100000215
为在支路xy发生故障时i节点是否被供电的标志,
Figure FDA00028888027100000216
表示被供电,
Figure FDA00028888027100000217
表示不被供电;
1-2-5)故障约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA00028888027100000218
Figure FDA00028888027100000219
Figure FDA00028888027100000220
Figure FDA00028888027100000221
其中,
Figure FDA00028888027100000222
为在支路xy发生故障时i节点是否被影响,
Figure FDA00028888027100000223
表示被影响,
Figure FDA00028888027100000224
表示没被影响;
1-2-6)可靠性指标计算约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA0002888802710000031
Figure FDA0002888802710000032
Figure FDA0002888802710000033
Figure FDA0002888802710000034
Figure FDA0002888802710000035
Figure FDA0002888802710000036
其中,CIDi表示i节点的用户中断持续时间,λxy表示支路xy的年故障率,
Figure FDA0002888802710000037
表示支路xy的故障开关动作中断时间,
Figure FDA0002888802710000038
表示支路xy的故障修复中断时间,CIFi表示i节点的用户中断频率,NCi为给定的i节点的用户数量,SAIDI表示系统年平均中断频率指数,SAIFI为系统年平均中断持续时间指数,ASAI为系统平均供电指数,EENS为期望失负荷能量,B为所有负荷水平的集合,Δh为负荷水平h的年持续小时数,μh≤1为负荷水平h的峰值负荷比,Li表示i节点的峰值负荷;
1-2-7)可靠性指标约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA0002888802710000039
SAIDI≤ε (28)
其中,εi表示i节点的用户中断持续时间要求,ε表示系统年平均中断持续时间要求;
1-2-8)投资逻辑约束,如式所示:
Figure FDA00028888027100000310
Figure FDA00028888027100000311
Figure FDA00028888027100000312
Figure FDA00028888027100000313
Figure FDA00028888027100000314
Figure FDA00028888027100000315
其中,lij∈{0,1}表示支路ij是否有线路,lij=1为有,lij=0为无,
Figure FDA0002888802710000041
为类型a导线的额定容量,of∈{0,1}表示变压器f节点是否有变压器,of=1为有,of=0为无,
Figure FDA0002888802710000042
为类型a变压器的额定容量,
Figure FDA0002888802710000043
为属于s节点变电站的变压器节点的集合;
2)根据目标函数和约束条件,求解步骤1)建立的优化模型,得到的
Figure FDA0002888802710000044
和us即为配电网最优规划方案。
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