CN110204489B - 使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002355 alkine group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 5
- -1 2-iodoaniline compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical group [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KBIAVTUACPKPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical group COC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 KBIAVTUACPKPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWISLHRIEATKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethynylthiophene Chemical compound C#CC1=CC=CS1 LWISLHRIEATKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
- C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
- C07D215/233—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4 only one oxygen atom which is attached in position 4
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法,以2‑碘苯胺类化合物和末端炔烃为底物,醋酸钯作为催化剂,4,5‑双二苯基膦‑9,9‑二甲基氧杂蒽为配体,六羰基铬作为固体羰基源,在空气氛围下三乙胺活化固体羰基源释放CO,“一锅法”高效合成喹诺酮类化合物。其中空气氧化活化六羰基铬原位缓释CO,有效匹配催化碳碳键交叉偶联反应动力学,实现了安全高效的羰基化成环过程。该催化反体系特点在于三乙胺和哌嗪的复配协同,构建了羰基化碳碳偶联与环化过程的有效串联,实现了2‑碘苯胺类化合物、末端炔烃以及一氧化碳的三元环化。本发明操作简单安全,反应高效,条件温和,底物适用性好,可广泛用于喹诺酮类化合物的“一锅法”合成。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钯催化羰基化合成技术领域,具体涉及一种以2-碘苯胺类化合物和末端炔烃为底物,醋酸钯作为催化剂,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽为配体,六羰基铬作为固体羰基源,在空气氛围下三乙胺活化固体羰基源释放CO,“一锅法”高效合成喹诺酮类化合物的方法。
背景技术
喹诺酮类化合物是重要的含氮杂环化合物,在生物和医药领域具有广泛的应用前景。研究表明,喹诺酮类药物具有一定的抗炎、抗疟疾、抗癌等功效。通过化学合成来制备这种药物能极大地解决需求量日益增长的问题。1991年,Torii课题组首次提出了2-碘苯胺和末端炔烃进行羰基化反应合成喹诺酮类化合物的方法,其中以高压CO作为羰基来源。此后Genelot课题组将CO气体的压力降低到5atm。传统的合成方法中,通常使用CO气体作为羰基来源,但正如大家所知,CO气体高毒性、难控制、高压操作复杂等缺点限制了此类羰基化偶联反应的广泛应用。因此,科学家们开始寻找安全、方便、高效的非气体CO源。2015年,课题组利用微波辅助的方法,提出以Mo(CO)6作为羰基来源合成喹诺酮的两种有效方法。但微波条件剧烈且Mo(CO)6价格昂贵,限制了这种合成方法的生产应用。因此,寻找一种温和、经济、安全、高效的喹诺酮类化合物合成方法,在有机合成领域和制药领域都备受关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种三乙胺活化固体羰基源释放CO,在较低温、常压、空气氛围下进行钯催化羰基化偶联反应,简单高效地合成喹诺酮类化合物的方法。
针对上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:将2-碘苯胺类化合物、末端炔烃、六羰基铬、醋酸钯、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲氧基杂蒽加入乙腈中,并加入三乙胺与哌嗪摩尔比为2.0~3.0:1的混合碱,在50~60℃下反应10~12小时,得到喹诺酮类化合物。
上述方法中,优选2-碘苯胺类化合物、末端炔烃、六羰基铬的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.5:0.2~0.35,哌嗪的加入量为2-碘苯胺类化合物摩尔量的1.0~2.0倍,醋酸钯的加入量为2-碘苯胺类化合物摩尔量的2.0%~3.0%,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲氧基杂蒽的加入量为2-碘苯胺类化合物摩尔量的4.0%~6.0%。
本发明以乙腈为溶剂、醋酸钯为催化剂,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽为配体,六羰基铬为羰基源,空气氛围下三乙胺为六羰基铬释放CO的活化促进剂,哌嗪为碱,在空气氛围及常压低温条件下,使2-碘苯胺类化合物与末端炔烃进行Sonogashira羰基化偶联,“一锅法”制备喹诺酮类化合物。其中空气氧化活化六羰基铬原位缓释CO,有效匹配催化碳碳键交叉偶联反应动力学,实现了安全高效的羰基化成环过程。该催化反体系特点在于三乙胺和哌嗪的复配协同,构建了羰基化碳碳偶联与环化过程的有效串联,实现了2-碘苯胺类化合物、末端炔烃以及一氧化碳的三元环化。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明以六羰基铬作为CO来源,其廉价易得,在空气中稳定存在,易于保存,在三乙胺的活化作用下释放CO,避免了使用有毒、难控制的气体CO,且反应无需氮气保护,“一锅法”操作简单,条件温和,对设备要求低,底物适用性好,目标化合物收率高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
制备结构如下的2-苯基-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
称取2-碘苯胺0.1095g(0.5mmol)、苯乙炔0.066mL(0.6mmol)、六羰基铬0.0385g(0.175mmol)、醋酸钯0.0028g(0.0125mmol)、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽0.0144g(0.025mmol)、哌嗪0.0431g(0.5mmol)、三乙胺0.277mL(1.5mmol)、无水乙腈4mL于反应瓶中,在60℃搅拌反应10小时,停止反应,自然降至室温,柱色谱分离,得到白色固体2-苯基-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为89%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.74(s,1H),8.12(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.83(s,2H),7.78(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.57(s,3H),7.34(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.34(s,1H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.98,149.99,140.51,134.20,131.77,130.41,128.96,127.39,124.71,123.23,118.70,107.34.
实施例2
制备结构如下的2-(4-甲基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的4-甲基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到白色固体2-(4-甲基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为93%,结构表征数据为:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.06(s,1H),8.11(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.65(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.33(dd,J=13.2,7.7Hz,3H),6.36(s,1H),2.37(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.92,150.03,140.66,140.22,131.54,131.08,129.42,127.31,124.65,123.14,118.95,106.78,20.83.
实施例3
制备结构如下的2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的4-甲氧基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到白色固体2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为89%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.97(s,1H),8.10(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.64(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.31(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.36(s,1H),3.83(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.77,160.98,149.81,140.74,131.43,128.96,126.07,124.58,123.05,119.01,114.25,106.27,55.39.
实施例4
制备结构如下的2-(3-甲基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的3-甲基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到白色固体2-(3-甲基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为96%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.69(s,1H),8.11(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.72-7.55(m,3H),7.46(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.42-7.27(m,2H),6.33(s,1H),2.42(s,3H);13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.90,150.10,140.50,138.33,134.19,131.72,131.00,128.87,127.82,125.83–124.37,123.19,118.66,107.25,20.96.
实施例5
制备结构如下的2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的3-甲氧基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到白色固体2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为85%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.74(s,1H),8.13(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.66(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.43-7.28(m,3H),7.13(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.39(s,1H),3.86(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ177.00,159.50,149.80,140.47,135.56,131.74,130.12,124.91,124.70,123.22,119.57,118.72,116.00,112.82,107.40,55.33.
实施例6
制备结构如下的2-(2-噻吩基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的2-乙炔基噻吩替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到白色固体2-(2-噻吩基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为80%,结构表征数据为:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.65(s,1H),8.09(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=38.9,17.2Hz,3H),7.67(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=17.1Hz,2H),6.34(s,1H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.70,143.53,140.30,136.09,131.97,129.64,128.55,128.20,124.92,124.68,123.29,118.50,106.13.
实施例7
制备结构如下的7-甲基-2-苯基-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的2-碘苯胺用等摩尔的5-甲基-2-碘苯胺替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,白色固体7-甲基-2-苯基-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为92%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.57(s,1H),8.00(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=3.5Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=12.2Hz,4H),7.16(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.28(s,1H),2.44(s,4H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.80,149.74,141.82,140.68,134.27,130.33,128.95,127.34,124.80,122.90,117.96,107.22,21.37.
实施例8
制备结构如下的2-(4-乙腈基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的4-乙腈基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,白色固体2-(4-乙腈基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为87%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.25(s,1H),8.11(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.66(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.33(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.39(s,1H),4.18(s,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.95,149.42,140.68,133.70,133.17,131.63,128.55,128.13,124.80,124.54,123.24,119.00,107.20,22.22.
实施例9
制备结构如下的7-甲基-2-(4-甲基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的2-碘苯胺用等摩尔的5-甲基-2-碘苯胺替换,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的4-甲基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,白色固体7-甲基-2-(4-甲基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为92%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.48(s,1H),7.97(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.53(s,1H),7.39(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.15(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.26(s,1H),2.44(s,3H),2.40(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ176.76,140.66,140.22,131.34,129.50,127.15,124.75,117.91,106.80.
实施例10
制备结构如下的7-甲基-2-(4-丁基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮
在实施例1中,所用的2-碘苯胺用等摩尔的5-甲基-2-碘苯胺替换,所用的苯乙炔用等摩尔的4-丁基苯乙炔替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,白色固体7-甲基-2-(4-丁基苯基)-4H-苯并喹诺-4-酮,其产率为90%,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.48(s,1H),7.98(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.53(s,1H),7.39(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.15(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.26(s,1H),2.67(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H),1.66–1.54(m,2H),1.34(dt,J=14.6,7.2Hz,2H),0.91(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO)δ176.79,149.75,145.03,141.77,140.65,131.61,128.88,127.23,125.08–124.90,124.77,122.86,117.91,106.83,34.50,32.88,21.67,21.37,13.71.
为了确定本发明的工艺条件,发明人进行了大量的实验室研究试验,具体试验情况如下:
称取2-碘苯胺0.1095g(0.5mmol)、苯乙炔0.066mL(0.6mmol)、六羰基铬0.0385g(0.175mmol)、醋酸钯0.0028g(0.0125mmol)、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽0.0144g(0.025mmol)、无水乙腈4mL于反应瓶中,并加入2-碘苯胺摩尔当量4倍的碱,具体如表1所示,在60℃搅拌反应10小时,停止反应,自然降至室温,产物进行核磁表征,核磁计算产率见表1。
表1
由表1可见,单纯以三乙胺、哌嗪、四甲基乙二胺、K2CO3、K3PO4、Na2CO3为碱时,六羰基铬无法有效释放CO,反应效果不理想,产物收率较低;分别以哌嗪、K2CO3、K3PO4、Na2CO3与三乙胺或四甲基乙二胺复配做碱,只有将三乙胺和哌嗪复配时,六羰基铬能够高效释放CO并为钯催化羰基化反应提供羰基,反应效果理想,产物收率极高。因此,本发明选择在空气氛围下采用三乙胺和哌嗪的混合碱来促进六羰基铬高效释放CO以及钯催化羰基化反应的有效进行。
Claims (7)
1.一种使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法,其特征在于:将2-碘苯胺类化合物、末端炔烃、六羰基铬、醋酸钯、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲氧基杂蒽加入乙腈中,并加入三乙胺与哌嗪摩尔比为2.0~3.0:1的混合碱,其中三乙胺活化固体羰基源释放CO,在50~60℃下反应10~12小时,得到喹诺酮类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法,其特征在于:所述2-碘苯胺类化合物、末端炔烃、六羰基铬的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.5:0.2~0.35。
3.根据权利要求1所述的使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法,其特征在于:所述哌嗪的加入量为2-碘苯胺类化合物摩尔量的1.0~2.0倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法,其特征在于:所述醋酸钯的加入量为2-碘苯胺类化合物摩尔量的2.0%~3.0%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的使用固体羰基源的喹诺酮类化合物安全合成方法,其特征在于:所述4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲氧基杂蒽的加入量为2-碘苯胺类化合物摩尔量的4.0%~6.0%。
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