CN110204377A - A kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110204377A CN110204377A CN201910540123.7A CN201910540123A CN110204377A CN 110204377 A CN110204377 A CN 110204377A CN 201910540123 A CN201910540123 A CN 201910540123A CN 110204377 A CN110204377 A CN 110204377A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
A kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof, belongs to technical field of fertilizers.A kind of Special fertilizer for potato, including potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer；Wherein, potassium oxide in potash fertilizer, nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide is 16~20:12~16:6~10 in phosphate fertilizer.The effective component potassium oxide of potash fertilizer is most in this Special fertilizer for potato, the effective component nitrogen of nitrogenous fertilizer is taken second place, the effective component phosphorus pentoxide of phosphate fertilizer is minimum, such proportion can supply potash fertilizer needed for potato growth process, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, so that potato yield, commodity potato rate and average single plant stem tuber be made to bring up again height.A kind of preparation method of Special fertilizer for potato includes: that potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and additive are pulverized and mixed uniformly obtained mixture；By mixture pelleting.This preparation method is easy, and Special fertilizer for potato obtained is stablized, preferable for the using effect of potato, can save for a long time.
Description
Technical field
This application involves technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Potato category Solanaceae herbaceos perennial is the fourth-largest cereal crops in the whole world, is only second to wheat, paddy and jade
Rice.The adaptable wide, stable high yield of potato, nutrition a variety of advantages such as comprehensively, in Ensuring Food Safety and economic development
It plays a significant role, promotes staple food grain and industry development prospect very wide.
Potato has very high nutritive value and medical value, vitamin rich in, protein, fat, carbohydrate,
The indispensable nutriment such as cellulose and starch has prevention stomach disease also containing a variety of mineral elements such as middle microelements
Disease, anti-aging, it is anti-oxidant, reduce cholesterol, prevent the medical values such as artery sclerosis, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, be a kind of low fat, low-heat
The healthy food of amount.
The implantation methods of potato are always the project studied, and the fertilizer for finding a kind of suitable potato is conducive to potato
Production, improve the yield of potato.
Summary of the invention
This application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof, can improve the growth shape of potato
Condition improves the yield of potato.
Embodiments herein is achieved in that
In a first aspect, the application example provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato comprising potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer；
Wherein, potassium oxide in potash fertilizer, nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, in phosphate fertilizer the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide be 16~20:12~
16:6~10.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, pass through nitrogen in phosphorus pentoxide in potassium oxide in potash fertilizer in allotment fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer
The content of element is to be made the fertilizer of suitable potato growth a kind of, the effective component oxygen of potash fertilizer in this Special fertilizer for potato
Change potassium is most, and the effective component nitrogen of nitrogenous fertilizer is taken second place, and the effective component phosphorus pentoxide of phosphate fertilizer is minimum, and such proportion can mend
Potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer needed for sufficient potato growth process, to make potato yield, commodity potato rate and average single plant block
Stem brings up again height.
With reference to first aspect, in the first possible example of the first aspect of the application, potassium oxide in above-mentioned potash fertilizer,
Nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide is 17~19:13~15:7~9 in phosphate fertilizer.
In the examples described above, potassium oxide in potash fertilizer in Special fertilizer for potato, nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, five oxidations two in phosphate fertilizer
It is preferable for the application effect of potato when the mass ratio of phosphorus is 17~19:13~15:7~9, make potato yield, commodity
Potato rate and average single plant stem tuber bring up again height.
With reference to first aspect, in second of possible example of the first aspect of the application, potash fertilizer includes potassium sulfate；
Nitrogenous fertilizer includes any one in ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate and ammonium polyphosphate
Or it is a variety of；
Phosphate fertilizer includes ammonium polyphosphate and/or calcium superphosphate.
In the examples described above, the source of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is needed than wide, but in the selection of the raw material of fertilizer
The content for focusing on potassium oxide in various raw materials, nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide makes finally to prepare obtained potato special fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium oxide, nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide meets 16~20:12~16:6~10 in material.
With reference to first aspect, in the third possible example of the first aspect of the application, Special fertilizer for potato packet
Se solution is included, the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~2:16~20 in Se solution and potash fertilizer；
Se solution is mixed to prepare by selenium mineral powder, nitric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide.
In the examples described above, Se solution is added in Special fertilizer for potato, potato planting soil can be changed
Element property, improve the selenium element content in potato planting soil, and then potato made to absorb soil during the growth process
In selenium element, the higher potato of output selenium element.Selenium element can enhance human immunological competence, and have it is anti-oxidant and
The effect of anticancer.
With reference to first aspect, in the 4th kind of possible example of the first aspect of the application, Special fertilizer for potato packet
Microorganism fungus kind is included, the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 3~5:16~20 in microorganism fungus kind and potash fertilizer；
Microorganism fungus kind includes bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
In the examples described above, bacillus subtilis can increase the resistance and fixed nitrogen of potato, bacillus licheniformis
Can it is disease-resistant, kill harmful bacteria, to improve the disease resistance of potato, reduce the application of pesticide, reduce disease incidence.
With reference to first aspect, in the 5th kind of possible example of the first aspect of the application, Special fertilizer for potato packet
Fermentation material is included, the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10~15:16~20 in fermentation material and potash fertilizer；
Fermentation material is made by microbial bacterial agent and livestock manure fermented.
In the examples described above, a large amount of beneficial bacteriums are contained in fermentation material, fermentation material can be improved soil with organic matter content, dredge
Mellow soil.Simultaneously using the nitrogen in partial air, growing up to be metabolized by beneficial bacterium occurs corresponding enzyme and acid, can be to difficult in soil
Phosphorus, the potash fertilizer of dissolubility are broken up, and are then become the absorbent phosphorus potash fertilizer of plant institute, are promoted potato to the N P and K in soil
Absorption, improve the yield and quality of potato.
With reference to first aspect, in the 6th kind of possible example of the first aspect of the application, Special fertilizer for potato packet
Salicylic acid is included, the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~2:16~20 in salicylic acid and potash fertilizer.
In the examples described above, the cold resistance of potato, drought resistance can be improved in salicylic acid, promotes vine growth and development, improves
Tuber yields.
With reference to first aspect, in the 7th kind of possible example of the first aspect of the application, Special fertilizer for potato packet
Microelement agent is included, the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 3~9:16~20 in microelement agent and potash fertilizer；
Microelement agent includes borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
In the examples described above, borax can be used for providing micronutrient boron, while have disinsection efficiency.Magnesium sulfate is for providing
Weight element magnesium, magnesium are one of important composition ingredients of chlorophyll, are the important activators of enzyme in plant, to more in plant
Kind metabolic activity has facilitation.Zinc sulfate is for providing trace element zinc, and zinc is in the photosynthesis of plant, carbohydate metabolism and egg
It plays a significant role in white matter synthesis process, and then influences crop yield and quality.
In second aspect, the application example provides a kind of preparation method of Special fertilizer for potato comprising: by potassium
Fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and additive are pulverized and mixed uniformly obtained mixture；By mixture pelleting；Additive includes Se solution, micro-
Biological inoculum, fermentation material, salicylic acid and microelement agent.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, horse is made by being granulated after being pulverized and mixed potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and additive uniformly
Bell potato dedicated fertilizer, this preparation method are easy, and Special fertilizer for potato obtained is stablized, for potato using effect compared with
It is good, it can save for a long time.
It before mixing granulation, is first made in the first possible example of the second aspect of the application in conjunction with second aspect
Obtain fermentation material；
Fermentation material, which is fermented 25~35 days by microbial bacterial agent and feces of livestock and poultry at 50~55 DEG C, to be made；
Microbial bacterial agent includes bacterium, filamentous fungi, saccharomycete and actinomyces；
The mass ratio of microbial bacterial agent and feces of livestock and poultry is 0.1~0.5:10~15.
In the examples described above, microbial bacterial agent and feces of livestock and poultry be after 0~55 DEG C ferments 25~35 days, attenuation degree compared with
Good, fermentation material obtained can be used cooperatively with other compositions in Special fertilizer for potato.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment of the embodiment to the application, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the application, and is not construed as limitation scope of the present application.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Potato is in great demand as the fourth-largest cereal crops in the whole world, but matches unreasonable fertilizer at present and but limit
Made the raising of potato yield and quality, demand of the potato unlike most of crops for fertilizer be nitrogenous fertilizer most
More, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer take second place, and excessive nitrogenous fertilizer causes potato aerial growth excessively vigorous, knot potato are postponed, to reduce horse
The yield of bell potato.
It is specifically described below for a kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof of the embodiment of the present application:
The application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato comprising potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
Wherein, potassium oxide in potash fertilizer, nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, in phosphate fertilizer the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide be 16~20:12~
16:6~10；
Optionally, potassium oxide in potash fertilizer, nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide is 17~19:13 in phosphate fertilizer
~15:7~9；
Optionally, potassium oxide in potash fertilizer, nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizer, the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide is 18~19:14 in phosphate fertilizer
~15:8~9.
In Special fertilizer for potato, N-P-K content is usually with Nitrogen element, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide
Form show.
At most, (phosphate fertilizer is effective for phosphorus pentoxide for potassium oxide (potassium fertilizer effective component) in the Special fertilizer for potato of the application
Ingredient) to take second place, at least, this Special fertilizer for potato passes through the potash fertilizer content improved in fertilizer to nitrogen (nitrogen fertilizer effective component),
Nitrogenous fertilizer content is reduced, potash fertilizer needed for potato growth process, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be met, reduce surface crops
Growth, improves the growth of potato, and potato yield, commodity potato rate and average single plant stem tuber is further made to bring up again height.
Optionally, potash fertilizer includes potassium sulfate；
The potassium content (potassium oxide mass percent) of potassium sulfate is 50~54%.
Nitrogenous fertilizer includes any one in ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate and ammonium polyphosphate
Or it is a variety of；
The nitrogen content (nitrogen mass percent) of ammonium hydrogen carbonate is 17~17.8%, the nitrogen content (nitrogen of ammonium carbonate
Mass percent) be 28~29%, the nitrogen content (nitrogen mass percent) of urea is 46~46.6%, ammonium nitrate it is nitrogenous
Measuring (nitrogen mass percent) is 34~35%, and the nitrogen content (nitrogen mass percent) of calcium nitrate is 16~17%, nitre
The nitrogen content (nitrogen mass percent) of sour sodium is 16~16.5%, the nitrogen content (nitrogen mass percent) of ammonium polyphosphate
It is 14~15%.
Phosphate fertilizer includes ammonium polyphosphate and/or calcium superphosphate；
The phosphorus content (phosphorus pentoxide mass percent) of ammonium polyphosphate is 63~70%, the phosphorus content (five of calcium superphosphate
Aoxidize two phosphorus mass percents) it is 50~60%.
In the suitable potash fertilizer of actual selection, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, need according to the potassium content of practical compound, nitrogen content and
Phosphorus content simultaneously calculates practical various compounds proportions according to the mass ratio of the potassium oxide of fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide.It needs
It should be noted that needing to calculate ammonium polyphosphate simultaneously in this not only compound containing nitrogen but also containing phosphorus of selection ammonium polyphosphate
The phosphorus pentoxide of offer and the quality of nitrogen.
Also, as sulphur and fear-chlorion crop is needed, the application is kept away potato when selecting suitable potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer
Exempt to select chlorine-containing compound, can select some sulfur-containing compounds to a certain extent, sulphur be conducive to each organ nitrogen of potato,
The increase of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur content and cumulant, sulphur is applied under the conditions of low nitrogen can significantly improve seedling leaf nitrate reductase enzyme activity
Property, be conducive to absorption of the seedling to nitrogen, and apply sulphur under the conditions of high nitrogen and improve potato leaf chlorophyll in the time of infertility
Content is conducive to the formation of photosynthate so as to improve the photosynthesis characteristics of blade, can largely alleviate due to nitrogen
The underproduction caused by element is excessive and quality decline effect.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application can also include Se solution, in Se solution and potash fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~2:16~20.
Se solution can change the element property of potato planting soil, improve the selenium element in potato planting soil
Content, and then potato is made to absorb the selenium element in soil, the higher potato of output selenium element during the growth process.Selenium element
Human immunological competence can be enhanced, and have the function of anti-oxidant and anticancer.
Water soluble selenium content is low in common selenium mineral powder, toxic heavy metal content is high, and the utilization efficiency of Selenium By The Plants is very
It is low, it is also difficult to be converted into foliar fertilizer to meet the needs of crop planting.In addition, existing selenium mine activating technology holds
Chloride ion content is excessively high in the fertilizer for being easily introduced acid or salt containing chlorine, and applying will lead to the soil salinization, and inhibit crops
Growth and development, and then influence agricultural output and quality.That used herein is the high concentration water that selenium concentration is greater than 100ppm
Dissolubility selenium, harmful heavy metal content is low, can further be sprayed directly on the blade face of crops after dilution, be easy to be inhaled by crop
It receives, to increase Se content in crop.This method have many advantages, such as it is easy to operate it is easily-controllable, it is at low cost and without new pollutant introduce.
Se solution is mixed to prepare by selenium mineral powder, nitric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide: the nitre for being first 0.5~5mol/L by concentration
The hydrogenperoxide steam generator that acid solution and concentration are 0.5~5mol/L is uniformly mixed according to 0.8~1.2 volume ratio and is activated
Agent；Activator is uniformly mixed with selenium mineral powder and reacts 12 in 10~80 DEG C of environment~obtains mixed liquor, the selenium mine of addition for 24 hours
The solid-liquid mass ratio of powder and activator is 0.8~1.2:2~20；Filter mixed liquor obtains filtrate, and lye is added into filtrate, adjusts
Save pH to 3~5, be made Se solution, lye include in sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide any one or
It is a variety of.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application can also include microbe colony, microorganism fungus kind and potassium
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 3~5:16~20 in fertilizer, and microbe colony includes bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, wherein
The mass ratio of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis is 0.8~1.2.
Bacillus subtilis can increase the resistance and fixed nitrogen of potato, and bacillus licheniformis being capable of disease-resistant, killing
Harmful bacteria reduces the application of pesticide to improve the disease resistance of potato, reduces disease incidence.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application can also include fermentation material, aoxidize in fermentation material and potash fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium is 10~15:16~20.
Fermentation material is made by microbial bacterial agent and livestock manure fermented.
Contain a large amount of beneficial bacteriums in fermentation material, fermentation material can be improved soil with organic matter content, chesson.Benefit simultaneously
With the nitrogen in partial air, growing up to be metabolized by beneficial bacterium occurs corresponding enzyme and acid, can be to the phosphorus of slightly solubility, potash fertilizer in soil
Broken up, then becomes the absorbent phosphorus potash fertilizer of plant institute, promote absorption of the potato to the N P and K in soil, improve horse
The yield and quality of bell potato.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application can also include salicylic acid, aoxidize in salicylic acid and potash fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium is 1~2:16~20.
The cold resistance of potato, drought resistance can be improved in salicylic acid, promotes vine growth and development, improves Tuber yields.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application can also include microelement agent, microelement agent and potassium
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 3~9:16~20 in fertilizer.
Microelement agent includes borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate, wherein in borax and potash fertilizer the mass ratio of potassium oxide be 1~
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~3:16~20 in 3:16~20, zinc sulfate and potash fertilizer, the quality of potassium oxide in magnesium sulfate and potash fertilizer
Than for 1~3:16~20.
Borax can be used for providing micronutrient boron, while have disinsection efficiency.Magnesium sulfate is for providing weight element magnesium, magnesium
It is one of the important composition ingredient of chlorophyll, is the important activator of enzyme in plant, has to metabolic activities a variety of in plant
Facilitation.Zinc sulfate is for providing trace element zinc, and zinc is in the photosynthesis of plant, carbohydate metabolism and protein building-up process
In play a significant role, and then influence crop yield and quality.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application can also include potassium fulvate, in potassium fulvate and potash fertilizer
Mass ratio 1~3:16~20 of potassium oxide.
Potassium fulvate (BSFA) is a kind of short carbon chain molecular structure substance extracted from natural humic acid, and potassium fulvate contains
There are the multiple nutritional components such as microelement, rare earth element, plant growth regulator, viral inhibitors, can be widely used in
Agricultural and Horticultural industry.Potassium fulvate, which is added in Special fertilizer for potato, has the advantage that chelating constant and micro battalion
Feeding substance can be absorbed and used by plants；Slow release fertilizer, improves chemical fertilizer and pesticide utilizes, and controlling plant diseases enhance Flood resistance；
Plant microbiological activity is excited, plant germination and growth, the adhesive force and rapid absorption ability of fortification of plants root system are promoted；Accelerate
Precipitating is decomposed, and soil texture is improved, and improves the retain water and nutrients ability of soil, is adjusted pH value, is reduced the content of heavy metal in soil.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application further includes calcium magnesium phosphate, is aoxidized in calcium magnesium phosphate and potash fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium is 2~3:16~20.
Calcium magnesium phosphate is capable of providing a certain amount of phosphate fertilizer, and the phosphorus content (phosphorus pentoxide mass percent) of calcium magnesium phosphate is
12~18%, calcium magnesium phosphate can also provide silicon, calcium, magnesium, can be used for improveing acid soil.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application further includes polyacrylamide, in polyacrylamide and potash fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~3:16~20.
Polyacrylamide can be used as high absorbency material as soil moisturizing agent and seed culture agent etc., improve soil knot
Structure reduces the soil weight, increases soil porosity and capillary porosity, potato tubers is allowed smoothly to breathe, expand.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application further includes humic acid potassium, is aoxidized in humic acid potassium and potash fertilizer
The mass ratio of potassium is 2~3:16~20.
Humic acid in humic acid potassium is a kind of biologically active agents, and Soil Available potassium content can be improved, and reduces the damage of potassium
It becomes estranged fixation, increases absorption and utilization rate of the crop to potassium, it may have improvement soil promotes that plant growth, to improve crop degeneration-resistant
Ability, the effect for improving crop quality, protecting agroecological environment.
Optionally, Special fertilizer for potato provided by the present application further includes chitosan oligosaccharide, potassium oxide in chitosan oligosaccharide and potash fertilizer
Mass ratio is 1~2:16~20.
Chitosan oligosaccharide can decompose plant and animal residues and minor metallic element in soil, to be converted into the nutrient of plant, increase
Strong via plant immunity has desinsection, disease resistance.
The application also provides a kind of preparation method of Special fertilizer for potato comprising by potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and addition
Agent is pulverized and mixed uniformly obtained mixture, mixture according to the proportion and is granulated in the state of being passed through steam, and prilling temperature is 60~
It 80 DEG C, is granulated and completes drying, cooling, screening and post-processing.
Additive includes Se solution, microorganism fungus kind, fermentation material, salicylic acid, microelement agent, potassium fulvate, calcium and magnesium
Any one or more in phosphate fertilizer, polyacrylamide, humic acid potassium and chitosan oligosaccharide.
It should be noted that the method that the application does not limit various raw material mixing, some water-soluble additives, potassium
Fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, such as calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, polyacrylamide, potassium fulvate, humic acid potassium, shell
Oligosaccharides and salicylic acid can be first dissolved in 60~90 DEG C of water, and high-pressure atomization is sprayed onto the solid material of mixing and further mixes.
This preparation method is easy, and Special fertilizer for potato obtained is stablized, preferable for the using effect of potato, can grow
Time saves.
Wherein, fermentation material is made by the following method:
Feces of livestock and poultry is first air-dried into dehydration, makes its moisture content 30~40%, is added in the feces of livestock and poultry of Xiang Fenggan micro-
Bacteria agent, fermentation reactor system, it is primary to stir mixture every 5~8 days, and fermentation temperature is 50~55 DEG C, ferments 25~35 days, system
Obtain fermentation material；
Microbial bacterial agent includes bacterium, filamentous fungi, saccharomycete and actinomyces, specifically includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria, albumen point
Solve bacterium, saccharomycete, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and deodorization bacterium etc.；
The mass ratio of microbial bacterial agent and feces of livestock and poultry is 0.1~0.5:10~15.
A kind of Special fertilizer for potato of the application and preparation method thereof is made with reference to embodiments further detailed
Description.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 4
Part microorganism fungus kind, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of sulfuric acid
Magnesium.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 38.5 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 29.8 parts of nitrogen contents be 46.5% urea, 15.4 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content be 14% it is poly-
Ammonium phosphate, 15 parts of fermentation materials, 3 parts of potassium fulvates, 3 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 2 parts of Se solutions, 5 parts of microorganisms
Strain, 3 parts of polyacrylamides, 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 2 parts of salicylic acids, 3 parts of boraxs, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 30.8 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 31 parts of nitrogen contents be 34.5% ammonium nitrate, 9.2 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content be 14% it is poly-
Ammonium phosphate, 10 parts of fermentation materials, 1 part of potassium fulvate, 2 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1 part of Se solution, 3 parts of microbial bacterias
Kind, 1 part of polyacrylamide, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1 part of salicylic acid, 1 part of borax, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 32.7 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 40.3 parts of nitrogen contents be 28.5% ammonium carbonate, 10.8 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content is 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 12 parts of fermentation materials, 1.5 parts of potassium fulvates, 2 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 4 parts it is micro-
Biological inoculum, 1 part of polyacrylamide, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1 part of salicylic acid, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 6
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 36.5 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 42.4 parts of nitrogen contents be 16.5% calcium nitrate, 50 parts of nitrogen contents be 16% sodium nitrate, 16.4 parts contain
Phosphorus amount be 55% calcium superphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 2 parts containing selenium it is molten
Liquid, 5 parts of microorganism fungus kinds, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1 part of salicylic acid, 1 part of borax, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of sulfuric acid
Magnesium.
Embodiment 7
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 4 parts of microbial bacterias
Kind, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 8
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of selenium mineral powders, 4 parts
Microorganism fungus kind, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of sulfuric acid
Magnesium.
Embodiment 9
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 2
Part polyacrylamide, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 10
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 4
Part microorganism fungus kind, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 11
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 4
Part microorganism fungus kind, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 12
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, in parts by weight comprising 34.6 parts of potassium contents
For 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents be 65%, nitrogen content 14%
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 parts of Se solutions, 4
Part microorganism fungus kind, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Embodiment 13
The embodiment of the present application provides the preparation method of preparation 1 Special fertilizer for potato of embodiment comprising:
In parts by weight, by 34.6 parts of potassium contents be 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% carbonic acid
Hydrogen ammonium and the ammonium polyphosphate that 12.3 parts of phosphorus contents are 65%, nitrogen content is 14% are passed through steam mixing granulation at a temperature of 70 DEG C,
Drying, cooling, screening and post-processing after the completion of being granulated.
Embodiment 14
The embodiment of the present application provides the preparation method of preparation 2 Special fertilizer for potato of embodiment comprising:
1, fermentation material is prepared
In parts by weight, 13 parts of feces of livestock and poultry are first air-dried into dehydration, microorganism is added in the feces of livestock and poultry of Xiang Fenggan
Microbial inoculum, fermentation reactor system, it is primary to stir mixture every 6 days, and fermentation temperature is 55 DEG C, is fermented 30 days, and fermentation material is made；
2, additive aqueous solution is prepared
By 2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 2.5 parts of humic acid potassiums, 2 parts of polyacrylamides, 1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides,
Additive aqueous solution is made in 70 DEG C of water in 1.5 parts of salicylic acids, 2 parts of boraxs, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate mixed dissolutions；
3, Special fertilizer for potato is prepared
By 34.6 parts of potassium contents be 52% potassium sulfate, 70 parts of nitrogen contents be 17.5% ammonium hydrogen carbonate and 12.3 parts it is phosphorous
Ammonium polyphosphate, 13 parts of fermentation materials, 1.5 parts of Se solutions and the 4 parts of microorganism fungus kinds that amount is 65%, nitrogen content is 14% are at 70 DEG C
At a temperature of be passed through steam mixing granulation, in granulation process, additive aqueous solution high-pressure atomization is sprayed onto solid material, is made
Drying, cooling, screening and post-processing after the completion of grain.
Comparative example 1~6 is referring to table 1, and other than modifying data in table, other data are same as Example 2.
1 comparative example of table, 1~6 table of comparisons
Test example 1
Test arrangement is carried out using magnificent potato and middle potato series early-maturing variety as experimental material, applies the embodiment of the present application 1~12
With the Special fertilizer for potato of comparative example 1~6, potato survival rate, applications of pesticide amount, yield, yampi rate, middle potato are measured respectively
Rate, small potato rate, single plant stem tuber weight, maximum stem tuber weight, are recorded in table 2；Dry matter content, the nitrate for measuring potato respectively contain
Amount, vitamin C, reducing sugar and content of starch are recorded in table 3.
2 potato yield of table and stem tuber are constituted
3 Quality of Potato Tuber of table
It can be obtained by embodiment 7 and the comparison of embodiment 2, fermentation material can be improved the content of organic matter in soil, promote Ma Ling
Absorption of the potato to N P and K in soil, improves the yield and quality of potato, if not applying fermentation material, needs to improve other fertilizer
Dosage；
It can be obtained by embodiment 8 and the comparison of embodiment 2, the Se solution water soluble selenium concentration of the application is higher, a harmful huge sum of money
It is low to belong to content, is easily absorbed by potato crop；Water soluble selenium content is low in selenium mineral powder, and toxic heavy metal content is high, will affect
To the normal development of potato, and then influence the yield and quality of potato；
It can be obtained by embodiment 9 and the comparison of comparative example 2, microorganism fungus kind can be improved the disease resistance of potato, reduce agriculture
The application of medicine needs to improve the dosage of other fertilizer if not applying microorganism fungus kind；
It can be obtained by embodiment 10 and the comparison of comparative example 2, polyacrylamide can improve soil texture, make potato tubers suitable
The breathing of benefit, expands potato tubers, the yampi rate for not applying the potato of polyacrylamide is lower；
It can be obtained by embodiment 11 and the comparison of comparative example 2, salicylic acid can be improved the cold resistance of potato, promote plant strain growth
Development improves tuber quality, does not apply that salicylic potato yampi, middle potato rate are lower, and small potato rate is higher；
It can be obtained by embodiment 12 and the comparison of comparative example 2, chitosan oligosaccharide can decompose plant and animal residues and trace meter in soil
Element enhances via plant immunity, there is desinsection, disease resistance to be converted into the nutrient of plant, if not applying chitosan oligosaccharide object,
Need to improve the dosage of other fertilizer；
It can be obtained by comparative example 1~3 and the comparison of comparative example 2, the Nitrogen fertilizer applied to potato is most, potash fertilizer takes second place,
Phosphate fertilizer minimum (comparative example 1) or potash fertilizer at most, phosphate fertilizer take second place, nitrogenous fertilizer minimum (comparative example 2) or phosphate fertilizer at most, nitrogenous fertilizer secondly, potassium
When fertile minimum (comparative example 3), the heavy and maximum stem tuber weight of the survival rate of potato, yield, yampi rate, single plant stem tuber is lower, does
Content of material, content of starch are lower, thus potato for potash fertilizer demand at most, the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer take second place, the demand of phosphate fertilizer
At least, when fertilizer is with potassium fertilizer effective component > nitrogen fertilizer effective component > phosphate fertilizer effective component, the effect of fertilizer is best, obtained horse
Bell potato survival rate, yield, yampi rate, single plant stem tuber weight and maximum stem tuber weight are higher, and dry matter content, content of starch are higher；
It can be obtained by comparative example 4~6 and the comparison of comparative example 2, when the ratio of the effective component of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in fertilizer
The effect of fertilizer is best when for 16~20:12~16:6~10, obtained potato survival rate, yield, yampi rate, single plant stem tuber
Weight and maximum stem tuber weight are higher, and dry matter content, content of starch are higher, are not on the contrary that every kind of fertilizer is The more the better, work as potassium
The potato quality that fertile excess (comparative example 4), phosphate fertilizer excess (comparative example 5), nitrogenous fertilizer excess (comparative example 6) obtain is bad.
In conclusion a kind of effective component potassium oxide of Special fertilizer for potato of the application is most, nitrogenous fertilizer it is effective at
Point nitrogen is taken second place, and the effective component phosphorus pentoxide of phosphate fertilizer is minimum, and such proportion can supply institute during potato growth
Potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer needed, to make potato yield, commodity potato rate and average single plant stem tuber bring up again height, while containing to horse
Bell potato grows very important middle microelement, potato can be promoted to emerge, keep stalk thicker, enhance the photosynthesis of potato
And resistance, it improves the yield and quality.In addition, addition microorganism fungus kind, increases the probiotics in soil, harmful bacteria is killed,
The disease resistance of potato is improved, disease incidence is reduced, reduces the application of pesticide.A kind of preparation method letter of Special fertilizer for potato
Just, Special fertilizer for potato obtained is stablized, preferable for the using effect of potato, can save for a long time.
The foregoing is merely the specific embodiments of the application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Special fertilizer for potato, which is characterized in that the Special fertilizer for potato includes potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer；
Wherein, potassium oxide in the potash fertilizer, nitrogen in the nitrogenous fertilizer, in the phosphate fertilizer mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide be 16~
20:12~16:6~10.
2. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that potassium oxide, the potash fertilizer in the potash fertilizer
Nitrogen in middle potassium oxide, the nitrogenous fertilizer, the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide is 17~19:13~15:7~9 in the phosphate fertilizer.
3. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the potash fertilizer includes potassium sulfate；
The nitrogenous fertilizer includes any one in ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate and ammonium polyphosphate
Or it is a variety of；
The phosphate fertilizer includes ammonium polyphosphate and/or calcium superphosphate.
4. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Special fertilizer for potato includes containing selenium
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~2:16~20 in solution, the Se solution and the potash fertilizer；
The Se solution is mixed to prepare by selenium mineral powder, nitric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide.
5. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Special fertilizer for potato includes micro- life
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 3~5:16~20 in object strain, the microorganism fungus kind and the potash fertilizer；
The microorganism fungus kind includes bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
6. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Special fertilizer for potato includes fermentation
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10~15:16~20 in object, the fermentation material and the potash fertilizer；
The fermentation material is made by microbial bacterial agent and livestock manure fermented.
7. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Special fertilizer for potato includes bigcatkin willow
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 1~2:16~20 in acid, the salicylic acid and the potash fertilizer.
8. Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Special fertilizer for potato includes micro
The mass ratio of potassium oxide is 3~9:16~20 in element agent, the microelement agent and the potash fertilizer；
The microelement agent includes borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
9. a kind of preparation method of Special fertilizer for potato according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that the horse
The preparation method of bell potato dedicated fertilizer includes:
The potash fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and additive are pulverized and mixed uniformly obtained mixture；
By mixture pelleting；
The additive includes Se solution, microorganism fungus kind, fermentation material, salicylic acid and microelement agent.
10. the preparation method of Special fertilizer for potato according to claim 9, which is characterized in that before mixing granulation, first
Fermentation material is made；
The fermentation material, which is fermented 25~35 days by microbial bacterial agent and feces of livestock and poultry at 50~55 DEG C, to be made；
The microbial bacterial agent includes bacterium, filamentous fungi, saccharomycete and actinomyces；
The mass ratio of the microbial bacterial agent and the feces of livestock and poultry is 0.1~0.5:10~15.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20190906 |