CN110195742B - 高耐磨合金材料的轴承 - Google Patents
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101000908384 Bos taurus Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
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- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/44—Needle bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
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Abstract
本发明高耐磨合金材料的轴承，包括内圈、外圈，位于内、外圈间的球或滚针或滚柱，其特征是内圈、外圈、球或滚针或滚柱分别由碳化钨基合金材料或碳氮化钛基合金材料制成：碳化钨基合金材料按重量百分比由：Co和/或Ni10～25%、Mo2CO～12%、TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2中的至少一种2～10%、WC余量组成；碳氮化钛基合金材料按重量百分比由：Co和/或Ni10～35%、Mo2C5～12%、TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2中的至少一种2～12%、硬质相余量组成；碳氮化钛基合金材料中的硬质相按重量百分比由：TiC0～30%、WC0～40%、TiNC余量组成。本发明轴承高耐磨、耐高温、高速、高强度、高耐腐蚀、高精密。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种轴承，特别涉及的是一种高耐磨合金材料的轴承。
背景技术
目前国外主要轴承材料为钢和陶瓷轴承。现在的轴承材料（见表1），仅有轴承钢GCr15，9Cr18。陶瓷轴承Si3N4和ZrO2。四种材料。钢轴承不耐高温，不耐磨，GCr15不耐腐蚀。高速超高速发热，不能用。陶瓷轴承抗弯强度太差<1000MPa/㎝2。脆性大，易裂。热导率差，温差大易崩。其材料性能如表1。
我国是轴承生产和销费大国。未见生产结合性能好、高寿命、高温、高速、高强度、高耐腐蚀、高精密的轴承。轴承是我国技术装备的基础，处于低端基础装备现状，不可能实现我国科学技术现代化。研究高端技术轴承势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服以上不足，提供一种高耐磨、耐高温、高速、高强度、高耐腐蚀、高精密、综合性能好的高耐磨合金材料的轴承。
本发明的目的是这样来实现的：
本发明高耐磨合金材料的轴承，包括内圈、外圈，位于内、外圈间的球或滚针或滚柱，其特征是内圈、外圈、球或滚针或滚柱分别由碳化钨基合金材料或碳氮化钛基合金材料制成：
上述的碳化钨基合金材料按重量百分比由以下材料组成：
Co和/或Ni 10～25%
Mo2C 0～12%
TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2中的至少一种 2～10%
WC 余量；
上述的碳氮化钛基合金材料按重量百分比由以下材料组成：
Co和/或Ni 10～35%
Mo2C 5～12%
TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2中的至少一种 2～12%
硬质相 余量；
上述的碳氮化钛基合金材料中的硬质相按重量百分比由以下材料组成：
TiC 0～30%
WC 0～40%
TiNC 余量。
上述的内圈、外圈、球或滚针或滚柱分别采用碳化钨基合金材料制成。
上述的内圈、外圈分别采用碳化钨基合金材料制成，球或滚针或滚柱采用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成。
上述的内圈、外圈中的转动圈或球、滚针或滚柱分别采用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成，内、外圈中的不动圈采用碳化钨基合材料制成。
上述的内圈、外圈、球或滚针或滚柱分别采用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成。
本发明轴承选用的两类材料、即碳化钨基合金材料、碳氮化钛基合金材料性能见表1。
表1：各种轴承材料的机械物理性能对照表
注：以上性能为材料标准和实验数据。其中耐磨是采取干磨试验（无润滑油）。
根据两种材料性能范围，轴承选择其中的性能指标为：硬度要求：HRA≥88；
抗弯强度要求：
轴承套≥2400MPa；
轴承球≥1600MPa；
碳化钨基合金材料轴承转速≤20000转/分，比重13.5～14.6g/cm2；
碳氮化钛基合金材料轴承转速≤1000000转/分，材料比重4.5—7.0g/㎝2。
本发明采用的两种材料综合性能好，具有高硬度，高耐磨，还具有耐高温，耐腐蚀特性。使用这两种材料做的本发明轴承，具有以下优点：
1，高耐磨轴承，可以提高现在的钢轴承使用寿命10～20倍；
2，可以有效的解决稀缺的高温、高速轴承；
3，轴承的韧性已经达到或超过现在的轴承。承压，耐冲击轴承也得到很好的解决；
4，碳氮化钛基合金材料的轴承属轻质轴承，密度4.5～7.0g/㎝3，与涡喷发动机现用的50000～100000转/分钟高速轴承密度相当，且抗碎裂是现用轴承的2—3倍。用于航空，航天取代现用轴承；
5，本轴承所有材料，除钴不抗腐蚀外，其余材料均抗腐蚀。以镍代钴可以适应任何腐蚀性环境。并且适应腐蚀环境下高温，高冲击振动等；
6，本轴承具有高耐磨性。干磨试验，轴承钢500小时，本轴承达8000小时。适应不需要润滑剂污染的生产环境。如食药品、高纯化工制品等。
附图说明
图1为本发明高耐磨合金材料的轴承结构示意图。
图2为图1的左视图。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
参见图1、图2，本实施例1常温轴承，包括内圈1、外圈2，位于内、外圈间的球3。本实施例1常温轴承中球用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成：按重量百分比Ni30%，Mo2C10%，TaC2%，TiNC48%，WC10%。内、外圈用碳化钨基合金材料制成：按重量百分比：WC71% Co20%，Mo2C4%，TaC3%，NbC2%。加工精度达到P4级，可以用精密车床，磨床等。寿命是轴承钢的10～20倍。如果用于腐蚀环境，Ni20%代替Co20%。如果承压高可提高C20%到Co25%则WC66%。常温轴承，转速<6000转/分。本材料可以使现轴承寿命提高10～20倍，半年、一年换的轴承，至少5～10年才换。大大减少換轴承的人工费用、材料费、仃工费、更换前产品质量损失，同时硬质材料加工精度高，现有设备磨削精度可达0.5μm，球可达1.0μm。
实施例2：
本实施例2中高速轴承结构与实施例1同。本实施例2中高速轴承转速<20000转。这样的轴承也是我国急需的。不少高速电动机都需要1～2万转/分。市场没有。本轴承用材：转动圈（外圈）和球分别用碳氮化钛基材料制成，按重量百分比Co20%，TaC5%，Mo2C10%，TiNC55%，WC10%。不动圈（内圈）用碳化钨基合金材料制成，按重量百分比 Co25%，Mo2C6%，TaC8%，WC 余量；
实施例3：
本实施例3结构与实施例1同。本实施例3高速轴承，转速20000～100000转/分。内、外圈、球均采用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成。碳氮化钛基合金材料按重量百分比，包括；Co10%，Mo2C10%，TaC10%，TiNC余量；
如有腐蚀Co改用Ni。
实施例4：
本实施例4振动冲击轴承结构与实施例1同。本轴承是解决现有轴承难点。本冲击轴承。内、外圈用碳化钨基合金材料制成。按重量百分比，包括Co25%，Mo2C5%，TaC4%，WC余量。
转速<500转/分，球采用碳化钨基合金材料，其配比与内、外圈同。
转速>800转/分，球采用碳氮化钛基合金材料，按重量百分比：Co10%，Ni20%，Mo2C2%，TaC2%，TiNC余量。
实施例5：
本实施例5机车轴承结构基本与实施例1同，不同处是采用滚柱。
内、外圈采用碳化钨基合金材料（抗弯强度>3000MPa）。滚柱用碳氮化钛基合金材料（抗弯强度>2600MPa)。其使用寿命至少>3倍现进口钢轴承。即行驶里程>600万公里。所用碳化钨基合金材料按重量百分比包括Co25%，Mo2C5%，TaC4%，WC66%。所用碳氮化钛基合金材料按重量百分比包括Ni30%，Mo2C8%，TaC5%，TiNC37%，WC20%。
实施例6：
本实施例6结构与实施例1同。
本实施例6高耐腐蚀轴承内圈、外圈、球均采用碳氮化钛基合金材料。按重量百分比包括Ni25%，Mo2C8%，TaC4%，TiNC43%，WC20%。具有抗腐蚀，耐温，韧性是非金属陶瓷的2一3倍，不易脆裂和崩块。有稳定的使用寿命。具有全面代替非金属陶瓷的能力。现在耐腐蚀轴承均用非金属陶瓷轴承。如氧化锆，碳化硅。这些轴承太脆，抗振动，抗温能力差。使用寿命不稳定。
上述实施例是对本发明的上述内容作进一步的说明，但不应将此理解为对本发明的限制。凡基于上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
Claims (1)
1.高耐磨合金材料的轴承，包括内圈、外圈，位于内、外圈间的球或滚针或滚柱，其特征在于，内圈、外圈分别采用碳化钨基合金材料制成，球或滚针或滚柱采用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成；或者内圈、外圈中的转动圈或球或滚针或滚柱分别采用碳氮化钛基合金材料制成，内、外圈中的不动圈采用碳化钨基合金材料制成；
上述的碳化钨基合金材料按重量百分比由以下材料组成：
Co和/或Ni10～25%
Mo2C0～12%
TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2中的至少一种2～10%
WC余量；
上述的碳氮化钛基合金材料按重量百分比由以下材料组成：
Co和/或Ni10～35%
Mo2C5～12%
TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2中的至少一种2～12%
硬质相余量；
上述的碳氮化钛基合金材料中的硬质相按重量百分比由以下材料组成：
TiC0～30%
WC0～40%
TiNC余量。
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