CN110171368B - 乘客运输工具的内部空间的覆层部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

乘客运输工具的内部空间的覆层部件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110171368B
CN110171368B CN201910053276.9A CN201910053276A CN110171368B CN 110171368 B CN110171368 B CN 110171368B CN 201910053276 A CN201910053276 A CN 201910053276A CN 110171368 B CN110171368 B CN 110171368B
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carrier element
section
decorative layer
cladding component
mat
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CN110171368A (zh
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P·皮尼亚尔
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Motherson Innovations Co Ltd
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Motherson Innovations Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1418Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14688Coating articles provided with a decoration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/02Bending or folding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/02Bending or folding
    • B29C53/04Bending or folding of plates or sheets
    • B29C53/06Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring
    • B29C53/063Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring combined with folding
    • B29C53/066Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring combined with folding and joining the sides of the folding line, e.g. "Abkantschweissen"
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C53/84Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412Infrared [IR] radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1445Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface heating both sides of the joint
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/003Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • B29C66/72941Non woven mats, e.g. felt coated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/01Liners for load platforms or load compartments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R13/0256Dashboard liners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4342Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43421Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R13/0268Rear parcel liners

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于包覆乘客运输工具、尤其车辆的内部空间的覆层部件,所述覆层部件包括:载体元件(12),所述载体元件具有至少一个分离面(24)和至少一个邻接于所述分离面(24)的折边部段(40),所述载体元件(12)具有至少一个折边(42),所述折边包括至少一个弯曲的折边部段(40)。此外,本发明涉及一种用于制造这种覆层部件的方法。

Description

乘客运输工具的内部空间的覆层部件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于包覆乘客运输工具的内部空间的覆层部件以及一种用于制造这种覆层部件的方法。
背景技术
乘客运输工具尤其是设计成车辆,但是也可以是船舶、飞机、火车或类似交通工具。当在下面中参考车辆说明本发明时,这些说明同样也适用于其它乘客运输工具,例如船舶、飞机、火车类似交通工具。
在乘客运输工具的所有设计方案中,内部空间以一定的复杂程度被包覆,以便提供内部空间的美观设计。尤其是在车辆中,内部空间的设计起重要作用并且是一个重要的购买理由。在包覆内部空间时使用覆层部件,所述覆层部件例如从内侧包覆车辆的门。覆层部件也可以形成仪表板或行李箱或侧部覆层,或者形成其一部分。
在许多情况下,覆层部件包括载体元件,所述载体元件通常是面式的物体并且具有足够的刚度,以便能够承受在车辆运行期间产生的负载。在致力于减少车辆的燃料消耗或电力消耗的过程中,降低重量起重要作用。如已经提及的那样,载体元件是面式的物体,这种物体通常仅具有小壁厚。为了进一步减小载体元件的重量,进一步减小其面密度。在这种情况下,混合轻质部件越来越多地用作覆层部件,在所述覆层部件中使用不同的材料,例如塑料、金属、矿物纤维、玻璃纤维、天然纤维和/或碳纤维。在面密度非常低的混合轻质部件中并且因此在重量非常低时能够实现所需的刚度。所述混合轻质部件以及还有传统的面状载体元件尤其是在由上述分离面形成的棱边处具有低稳定性,其中所述传统的面状载体元件例如包括热塑性的、纤维增强的非织造物或复合材料,如NFPP(天然纤维增强聚丙烯)或GFPP(玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯)。因此,尤其是在制造时和在运输时,还有在运行中,可能会出现损坏或变形,使得不再能使用和/或必须更换覆层部件。就此而言,足够的棱边稳定性是重要的。
载体元件可以由无定向无纺布(Wirrvlies)制成,所述无定向无纺布由挤压的天然纤维构成。但是,载体元件通常不具有期望的外观和/或手感,因此载体元件设有装饰层。此时,覆层部件设置成,使得装饰层朝向内部空间。
已知多种将装饰层施加到载体元件上的可能性。在初始状态下,载体元件作为垫子存在。在进一步处理垫子之前,必须首先对垫子进行校准,以便例如清除包含在其中的空气。为此对垫子进行加热和挤压。为了使经校准的垫子具有期望的形状,将所述垫子置入打开的成型模具中,所述成型模具具有上模具和下模具。成型模具这样闭合,即,使上模具和下模具相向移动,由此使经校准的垫子具有期望的形状并且形成载体元件。经校准的垫子的材料坯料大于具有制造完成的几何形状的载体元件。上模具和下模具设计成,使得所述上模具和下模具在闭合时将超出制造完成的几何形状之外的区域分离。所述区域在下面称为边缘段。
在大多数情况下,载体元件仅在朝向内部空间的侧上设有装饰层就足够了。装饰层可以与载体元件一起置入成型模具中。成型模具可以将装饰层与经校准的垫子挤压在一起并实现牢固的连接。装饰层可以在置入成型模具之前例如通过热处理与经校准的垫子连接,以构成材料锁合。但此时要注意的是,能够快速导出所使用的热量,以免损坏装饰。在成型模具闭合时贴合在经校准的垫子的超出覆层部件的制作完成的几何形状之外的边缘段上的装饰层同样被分离。由此,覆层部件在分离面上不具有装饰层,如果分离面从内部空间可见,则这在视觉上是不利的。此外常见的情况是,装饰层具有与载体元件不同的热膨胀系数或收缩系数。因此可能出现这样的情况,即,尤其是在相关的覆层部件发生一定程度的老化之后,装饰层会收缩并且不再覆盖载体元件的邻接于分离面的区域,这在视觉上是非常不利的。
为了避免出现这种情况,当载体元件已从成型模具中取出时,才将装饰层施加到载体元件上。然后,装饰层也可以包围分离面并且甚至延伸到载体元件的背面,因此收缩对内部空间的外观没有影响。这种覆层部件从美国专利US 5 925 207 A、JP 59 201 814 A、DE 43 17 234 A1、US 5 139 604 A、US 5 718 791 A和DE 10 2014 019 331 A1中已知。但为此需要其它工序,这使得覆层部件的制备变得复杂且昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施形式的目的是,提供一种覆层部件,所述覆层部件易于制造,具有足够的棱边稳定性以及较小的重量。此外,本发明的一个实施形式的目的是,提供一种方法,借助该方法能够简单地制造覆层部件。
所述目的通过本发明的用于包覆乘客运输工具的、尤其是车辆的内部空间的覆层部件来实现,所述覆层部件包括载体元件,所述载体元件具有至少一个分离面和至少一个邻接于分离面的折边部段,所述载体元件具有至少一个折边,所述折边包括至少一个弯曲的折边部段,其中,所述覆层部件包括至少一个施加到所述载体元件上的装饰层,所述装饰层在所述折边中弯曲,所述载体元件具有至少一个预定弯折部位,所述预定弯折部位相对于载体元件的其余部分限定所述折边部段,并且所述折边部段与载体元件的其余部分相同地构造。
下面,应将折边部段理解为载体元件这样的部段,所述部段相对于载体元件的其余部分弯曲,以构成折边。就其本身而言,折边部段基本上与载体元件的其余部分相同地构造,但由于弯曲而获得与载体元件的其余部分不同的定向。因此,折边部段包括载体元件的这样棱边,所述棱边可以向外或向内指向。如果棱边向外指向,则所述棱边形成载体元件的边缘。如果所述棱边向内指向,则所述棱边例如可以是载体元件的一个局部。应将这样的三维形状理解为折边,所述三维形状通过弯曲至少一个折边部段产生。因此,折边包括至少一个折边部段。
如已经说明的那样,从经校准的垫子出发,通过打开和闭合成型模具使载体元件变为其期望的形状。这里,将载体元件裁切到其期望的尺寸,从而形成已经提及的边缘段。也可能必要的是,给载体元件设有穿通部。穿通部也能够通过闭合相应成形的成型模具来制成。在这两种情况下都形成分离面,在所述分离面处将不再需要的材料从载体元件或经校准的垫子上分离。因此,例如当覆层部件具有用于让相邻设置的部件穿过的切口时,折边部段不仅可以设置在覆层部件外端部或棱边上,而且也可以设置在覆层部件的内部。特别是对于门内部操纵装置(TIB)就是这种情况。当覆层部件应固定在相邻的部件上时,由于下面详细说明的原因同样可能有利的是,设有折边。
从基本上平面的载体元件开始,由于折边部段的弯曲,载体元件的端面、尤其是分离面不再垂直于载体元件的主平面延伸,而是与其成一个角度。覆层部件的刚度在折边中显着提高,从而实现了高的棱边稳定性。由于提高的刚度,载体元件可以构造成具有较小的壁厚,从而可以减小面密度。总体上减小了覆层部件的重量。要注意的是,必须将经校准的垫子裁切成加大了折边部段的尺寸,从而在提供折边之后载体元件具有期望的尺寸。
与在现有技术中已知的覆层部件相反,载体元件是折边部段的一部分。例如,在US5 925 207 A中已知的覆层部件中,载体元件在从成型模具中取出后不再变形。
根据另一个实施形式,覆层部件包括至少一个施加到载体元件上的装饰层,所述装饰层在折边部段中弯曲。在该实施形式中,分离面可以通过相应的弯曲这样定向,使得所述分离面从内部空间出发是不可见的。这可以这样来实现,即,使折边部段从设置有朝向内部空间的装饰层的侧面弯曲出来。因此,不需要用装饰层覆盖分离面,由此可以简化覆层部件的制造。内部空间的外观保持不会由此受到影响。根据该建议,可以在载体元件成形之前将施加装饰层施加到垫子上,既可以施加到经校准的,也可以施加到未校准的垫子上。不需要用于将装饰层与载体元件连接的附加步骤。
另一个实施形式的特征在于,所述载体元件具有至少一个预定弯折部位,所述预定弯折部位相对于载体元件的其余部分限定所述折边部段。预定弯折部位尤其是可以借助于减小壁厚来实现。为此,载体元件可以设有相应延伸的刻痕或槽。所述刻痕或槽例如可以这样来建立,即,上模具和/或下模具具有相应设计的突起。在闭合成型模具时,所述突起压入变形的垫子或压入载体元件中,由此形成预定弯折部位。借助于所述预定弯折部位减小了弯曲所述折边部段所需的力。载体元件发生断裂的概率最小化。
此外,预定弯折部位实现了,使载体元件在期望的部位弯曲,从而在批量制造中可以减小在不同的覆层部件之间的偏差。此外,借助刻痕和槽的深度和形状,可以预先确定使折边部段具有确定的延伸分布。因为预定弯折部位预先规定了载体元件应发生弯曲的期望位置,所述预定弯折部位还相对于载体元件的其余部分限定所述折边部段。预定弯折部位也可以称为预定弯曲部位。
根据另一个实施形式,其特征在于,所述折边部段形成折边角,所述折边角为90°或180°。所述折边角可以以简单的方式实现。此外,在折边角为90°时,分离面可以这样定向,使得所述分离面背离内部空间指向并且不再可见。如已经提及的那样,为此,折边部段弯曲离开设置有装饰层的侧面。因此,分离面被折边部段遮盖。可以利用预定弯折部位的相应设计来预先规定折边角。
在一个改进的实施形式中,所述折边部段可以形成180°的折边角,并且所述折边部段至少部分地在与装饰层相对置的侧面贴靠在所述载体元件上。与装饰层相对置的侧面用作折边部段的贴合面,由此可以简化弯曲工艺。此外,在该实施形式中,载体元件与边框类似地翻折。由此,载体元件可以在折边部段区域中至少部分地构造成双层的,由此为所述折边提供了显著提高的刚度。
在一个改进的实施形式中,折边部段可以包围空腔。为此,载体元件可以设有相应数量的预定弯曲部位或预定弯折部位。折边部段可以具有用于具有可选尺寸的覆层部件的突起,由此可以灵活地响应于内部空间中的安装状态,并且可以有针对性地改善内部空间的外观。此外,可以借助空腔的确定尺寸有针对性地调节载体元件的边缘厚度和折边中的刚度。
在另一个实施形式中,覆层部件可以具有功能元件。功能元件可以是定位销、焊接突起或类似元件,借助所述定位销和焊接突起可以将覆层部件固定在相邻设置的安装件上。
本发明的一个设计方案涉及一种用于制造根据上述实施形式之一的覆层部件的方法,其中覆层部件包括具有至少一个折边部段的载体元件,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-加热经校准的垫子并将其置入具有上模具和下模具的成型模具中,
-通过移动上模具和/或下模具来闭合成型模具,并使经校准的垫子成形为载体元件,以及
-通过局部加热载体元件和通过弯曲至少一个折边部段来提供至少一个折边,
-在闭合所述成型模具时给所述载体元件设置至少一个预定弯折部位,和
-利用所述至少一个预定弯折部位来弯曲至少一个所述折边部段,使得所述折边部段与载体元件的其余部分相同地构造。
借助所提出的方法可以实现的技术效果和优点对应于针对当前的覆层部件所讨论的技术效果和优点。尤其要指出的是,借助折边可以总体上加固载体元件的棱边以及由此加固覆层部件。特别是在棱边的区域中加固覆层部件的优点与在覆层部件上是否施加装饰层无关。
如开始提及的那样,在成形之前挤压和校准垫子,以实现校准,这应理解为,确定其在确定温度下的尺寸。此时,将垫子加热到校准温度。
在校准垫子期间,将其加热到这样的温度,在所述温度下可以尽可能最佳地成形。现在,将加热到成形温度的经校准的垫子置入成型模具中并闭合成型模具。闭合成型模具使得经校准的垫子成形为载体元件。
根据成型模具的设计方案,可以在成型模具中提供折边。如果成型模具没有相应地构成,则将载体元件从成型模具中取出并在成型模具之外制作折边。如果应从成型模具中取出载体元件,则必须将其冷却到确定的温度,以便避免由于打开成型模具以及由于从成型模具中顶出覆层部件而发生形状变化。因此,必须重新加热载体元件,以便能提供折边。但为此加热整个载体元件不是必需的或者甚至是不利的。更确切地说,仅进行局部加热,这是指这样的加热,借助所述加热,例如在超出应弯曲载体元件以提供折边的部位至最大10mm的范围上加热载体元件。
在相应地选择用于覆层部件的材料时,局部加热使得载体元件变软并可以进行弯曲。此外,降低载体元件发生断裂的概率。为此,覆层部件可以包括热塑性材料。
在另一设计方案中,所述方法包括下述步骤:
-在闭合成型模具时给载体元件设置至少一个预定弯折部位,和
-利用所述至少一个预定弯折部位来弯曲至少一个所述折边部段。
预定弯折部位特别是可以通过减小壁厚来实现。为此,载体元件可以设有相应伸展的刻痕或槽。所述刻痕或槽例如可以这样来制作,即上模具和/或下模具具有相应设计的突起。当闭合成型模具时,突起压入变形的垫子或压入载体元件中,由此形成预定弯折部位。利用预定弯折部位减小了弯曲折边部段所需的力。载体元件断裂的概率最小化。
此外,预定弯折部位实现了,使载体元件在期望的部位弯曲,从而在批量制造中可以减小在不同的覆层部件之间的偏差。此外,借助刻痕和槽的深度和形状,可以预先确定使折边部段具有确定的延伸分布。因为预定弯折部位预先规定了载体元件应发生弯曲的期望位置,所述预定弯折部位还相对于载体元件的其余部分限定所述折边部段。预定弯折部位也可以称为预定弯曲部位。
一个改进的设计方案的特征在于以下步骤:
-将经校准的垫子与至少一个装饰层一起置入成型模具中。
在这个设计方案中,在闭合成型模具时利用载体元件挤压装饰层和将其固定在载体元件上,从而不需要用于覆膜或部件装饰的其它工序。这里应强调的是,所有成形步骤也可以在没有装饰层的情况下执行,并且在必要或期望时,装饰层与校准的垫子一起置入成型模具中。覆层部件也可以在没有装饰层的情况下安装到乘客运输工具中。为了仍能提供内部空间的视觉上美观的效果,覆层部件的可见侧面可以设有结构,例如压印形式的结构。所述结构例如可以在校准垫子或在闭合成型模具时产生。
在根据所提出的方法的另一个设计方案中,将所述至少一个装饰层贴合载体元件的第一侧上,而相对置的第二侧没有装饰层,该方法可以包括以下步骤:
-在第一侧上将载体元件局部加热到第一温度,
-在第二侧上将载体元件局部加热到第二温度,其中第一温度低于第二温度或等于第二温度,其中
-在从成型模具中取出后加热载体元件。
加热可以在成型模具之外进行,例如借助于热空气或红外辐射器进行。作用到装饰层上的热能小于作用到载体元件上的热能。因此保护装饰层防止热损伤,这是特别重要的,因为装饰层通常由比载体元件更高级并且通常对热更敏感的材料构成。此外,对装饰层的热损伤在视觉上会马上显现出来,而对于载体元件则不是这样。因此,覆层部件可以足够强地被加热,以便可以用小的力弯曲所述覆层部件,而不存在可见的热损坏的风险。如上所述,仅局部加热载体元件就足够了,即,例如在超出应弯曲载体元件以提供折边的部位最多10mm的范围内进行加热。由此保持提供折边所需的热能较低并且降低了形成可见热损伤的风险。
如上所述,覆层部件的边缘可以由于局部的载体对折加倍而被加固。由于边框发生塑性变形并且折边滑芯具有变形功能,可以使边缘具有特殊的形状,以便将所述边缘设计成具有更大刚度或者实现特殊的边缘功能。
优选在使用轻的垫子面密度时(优选在面密度小于1300g/m2时),可以使用这种边框,以便由于使用轻质材料而加固覆层部件的不稳定的棱边(例如门侧面覆层到门内板的部件棱边)。这种类型的边框可以用已装饰的部件构成,但是也可以在没有装饰层的载体元件中构成。可以在另一个工艺步骤中装饰带有这种边框的没有装饰层的载体元件。在这种情况下,边框没有用作折边,而是仅用作棱边加固结构。
这种类型的边框或折边尤其可应用于压制的、压制且直接后部注塑的或者压制-直接后部注塑-直接覆膜的覆层部件。这种处理方式可以应用于尤其是由热塑性纤维增强的非织造物或复合材料(例如NFPP或GFPP)制成的所有覆层部件。载体材料的粘合剂基体优选是聚丙烯(PP),但是可以使用任何可以以纤维形式制造的热塑性材料。
在一个改进的设计方案中,该方法包括以下步骤:
-在闭合的成型模具中注塑功能元件。
功能元件可以是定位销、焊接突起或类似元件,借助所述定位销和焊接突起可以将覆层部件固定在相邻设置的安装件上。功能元件也可以用“一步法”制造,因此制造过程不会明显延长。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细说明本发明的示例性实施形式。附图示出:
图1A至1H示出用于制造由现有技术中已知的第一覆层部件的第一方法的主要步骤;
图2A和2B示出用于制造由现有技术中已知的第二覆层部件的第二方法的选择的步骤;
图3A至3H示出用于制造根据本发明的第一覆层部件的所建议的第一方法的主要步骤;以及
图4A至4C分别根据原理图示出用于制造根据本发明的第二和第三覆层部件的所建议的第二方法的选择的步骤。
具体实施方式
在图1A至1H中,根据原理图示出用于制造由现有技术中已知的第一覆层部件10P的第一方法的基本步骤。
覆层部件10P(参见图1G)包括载体元件12,所述载体元件在初始状态下作为垫子12A存在,例如作为天然纤维垫子存在。首先以在此未详细示出的方式对垫子12A进行校准、加热,并且图1A中所示,将其置入具有上模具16和下模具18的打开的成型模具14中。上模具16和下模具18可以朝向彼此和远离彼此移动。在打开的状态下,上模具16和下模具18露出间隙20,所述间隙的尺寸设计成,使得能将经加热和校准的垫子12a置入成型模具14中。
上模具16和下模具18分别具有裁切边21。在初始状态下,校准的垫子12A的尺寸设计成,使得当垫子置入成型模具14中时,所述垫子向外突出于裁切边21,但没有突出于成型工具14。
在将经校准的垫子12A置入打开的成型模具14中之后,使成型模具14闭合,如图1B所示那样。为此,上模具16和下模具18朝向彼此移动。成型模具14闭合使得经校准的垫子12A首先成形为变形的垫子12B。此时,裁切边21配合作用,使得裁切边在闭合时从经校准的垫子12A上分离边缘段22。由于分离在经校准的垫子12A和变形的垫子12B上形成的面下面称为分离面24(参见例如图1D)。
上模具16和下模具18具有凹部26和隆起28。此外,成型模具14具有芯或滑芯30。只要凹部26构造成在成型模具14闭合时与校准的垫子12A接触,经校准的垫子12A与凹部26和隆起28的延伸走势相匹配。下模具18的几个凹部26构造成,使得在成型模具14闭合时所述凹部形成空腔32。可以将滑芯30引入所述空腔32。在图1C示出的步骤中,空腔32用注塑成形材料填充,由此,功能元件34如定位和/或固定部段或肋部注塑或后注塑到变形的垫子12B关于图1A至1H的下侧上。在制成功能元件34之后,形成覆层部件10P,其中变形的垫子12B构成覆层部件10P的载体元件12。在变形的垫子12B和载体元件12之间进行清楚的区分是不可能的并且也不是必要的。一旦变形的垫子12B永久性地具有期望的形状,则垫子形成载体元件12。
如在图1D中示出的那样,接着,打开成型模具14并将滑芯30收回。现在可以从成型模具14中取出载体元件12。边缘段22被废弃处理或再次利用。在图1E中示出具有模制的功能元件34的载体元件12。在曾设置滑芯30的位置,相关的功能元件34具有中空区域36。
随后,将装饰层38施加到载体元件12的不具有功能元件34的侧面上,参考图1A至1H是施加到上侧上。例如,装饰层38可以与载体元件12粘合。如从图1F中可以看到,装饰层38侧向突出于载体元件12。因此存在这样的可能性,装饰层38不仅可以施加到载体元件12的上侧上,而且也可以施加到分离面24上和下侧的边缘区域上。这可以从图1G和1H中可见,其中图1H示出现在已制成的覆层部件10P的在图1G中限定的局部A的放大视图。由此可以实现下述优点:一方面,分离面24被装饰层38覆盖,从而覆层部件10P从侧面观察也具有与上侧相同的外观。由此,覆层部件10P也可以这样安装在乘客运输工具的内部空间中,即,使得所述覆层部件从侧面可见,而不会由此干扰内部空间的视觉效果。另一方面,装饰层38可以具有不同的收缩系数,这可能导致,装饰层38与载体元件12相比更强地收缩,从而装饰层38使得载体元件12本来被覆盖的表面部段重新露出。因为露出的表面部段在这种情况下位于载体元件12的下侧上,因此所述表面部段从内部空间是不可见的,从而因此不会对外观产生不利影响。
在图2A和2B中,根据原理图示出用于制造在现有技术中已知的第二覆层部件10P的第二方法的所选出的几个步骤。图2B对应于图1H示出第二覆层部件10P的放大的局部。成型模具14对应于在图1A至1D中示出的成型模具。
与第一方法不同,在第二方法中,装饰层38与预先加热的经校准的垫子12A一起置入打开的成型模具14中。接下来的步骤基本上对应于在图1B至1D中示出的步骤。装饰层38可以涂覆有热熔粘合剂或者本身具有这种特性,从而在变形步骤期间将装饰层38固定在载体元件12上。在闭合成型模具14期间产生的压力和剩余热量可能足以将装饰层38固定在载体元件12上。这里要注意的是,一方面提供足够的热量,以便将装饰层38固定在载体元件12上,而另一方面,不会将过多的热量引入载体元件12和装饰层38中,使得装饰层38被损坏。在打开成型模具14之后,不需要执行将装饰层38施加到载体元件12上的其它步骤。
如针对第一方法说明的那样,上模具16和下模具18设计成,使得所述上模具和下模具在闭合时在构成分离面24的情况下将边缘段22从经校准的垫子12A上分离。但由于装饰层38已经与经校准的垫子12A一起置入打开的成型模具14中,与第一方法相比,不能用装饰层38覆盖分离面24和下侧的边缘区域(参见图2B,与图1H相比)。借助第二方法不能或不能在没有其它步骤的情况下实现通过覆盖分离面24和边缘区域能够实现的优点。
以这种方式制造的覆层部件10P是免刀具的(werkzeugfallend),这是指,在从成型模具14中取出之后,覆层部件具有其期望的形状并且不再必须进一步处理。这种制造方法也称为“一步法”。
在图3A至3F中示出根据第一实施形式的根据本发明的方法的主要步骤,所述方法用于制造根据第一实施例的所建议的覆层部件10D1(见图3G)和根据第二实施例的所建议的覆层部件10D2(见图3H)。
上模具16对应于在图1A和2A中示出的上模具。但下模具18具有凸起44,所述凸起用于给载体元件12设置预定弯折部位48,所述预定弯折部位在后面详细说明。
在根据本发明的该实施例中,也将装饰层38与经校准的垫子12A一起置入打开的成型模具14中,从而在从成型模具14中取出时所建议的覆层部件10C1可以对应于根据在现有技术中已知的第二方法从成型模具14中取出的覆层部件。因此,在图3A至3D中示出的步骤基本上对应于在图1A至1D中示出的步骤。图3E示出在从成形工具14取出之后的载体元件12连同施加在其上的装饰层38。可以看到的是,载体元件12具有两个预定弯折部位48,所述预定弯折部位通过这样制成,即下模具18具有相应成形的凸起44。
但覆层部件10C1也可以用于不需要装饰层38的情况。在这种情况下,经校准的垫子12A也可以在没有装饰层38地置入成型模具14中。如上所述,在闭合成型模具14时,边缘段22从经校准的垫子12A上分离(尤其是见图3D),从而产生分离面24。如从图3F中可以看出的那样,分离面24在一侧和预定弯折部位48在另一侧限定折边部段40。这里图3F以放大视图示出原则上在图3E中限定的部分B。
在从成型模具14中取出之后,在所示出的示例中具有载体元件12和固定在其上的装饰层38的折边部段40利用预定弯折部位48沿在图3F中标注的方向R弯曲确定的折边角α,从而在载体元件12的至少一个端部的区域中产生折边42(见图3G和3H)。具有折边42的覆层部件用10D1表示。因此折边部段40是载体元件12的与分离面24邻接的部段,所述部段在弯曲时相对于载体元件12的其余部分运动。从图3D和3E中可以看出,载体元件12具有至少一个如上所述的预定弯折部位48。设置预定弯折部位48使得弯曲载体元件12和提供折边42变得简单。此外,因为可以更精确地确定载体元件12应发生弯曲的区域,可以提高折边42的精度。在所示实施例中,预定弯折部位48相对于载体元件12的内部限定折边部段40。
在根据本发明的覆层部件10D1的在图3G中示出的第一实施例中,折边角α为180°,从而覆层部件10D1与边框类似地翻折。在相关的端部的区域中,此时载体元件12在折边42中双层地构成,因为折边部段40贴靠在载体元件12的下侧上。
在根据本发明的覆层部件10D2的在图3H中示出的第二实施例中,折边角α为90°。在这种情况下,折边部段40没有贴靠在载体元件12的下侧上。
在这两种情况下,设置折边42都使得,从侧面观察,覆层部件10D1和10D2设有装饰层38。在所建议的第一覆层部件10C1中也没有被装饰层38覆盖的分离面24通过弯曲这样定向,使得所述分离面从侧面不再可见。此外,在这两种情况下都实现了在相关折边42的区域中加固载体元件12。
如在图3F中所示,可以在从成形工具12取出之后并且在弯曲折边部段40之前加热覆层部件10C1。为此,设有第一热源501和第二热源502,覆层部件10C1在从成型模具14取出之后可以定位在第一热源和第二热源之间。载体元件12的上侧在下面称为第一侧52,装饰层38贴合在第一侧上并且第一侧朝向第一热源501,而相对置的、不具有装饰层38的下侧称为第二侧54。第二侧54朝向第二热源502。热源501、502可以例如设计成红外辐射器或热空气源。由于对覆层部件10C1、尤其加热载体元件12的加热,覆层部件发生软化,从而易于弯曲。此外还消除了载体元件12发生断裂的风险。
由于设有两个热源501、502,覆层部件10C1在第一侧52上可以被加热到第一温度T1,而在第二侧54上被加热到第二温度T2。在示出的实施例中,热源501、502设置成,使得第一温度T1低于第二温度T2。由此特别是实现了,保护通常对温度敏感的装饰层38免受热损伤,但时同时载体元件12变软,使得可以弯曲载体元件而不会发生断裂。
此外,通过在折边部段40弯曲之前进行加热可以实现的是,在折边角α为180°时,折边部段40不仅贴靠在载体元件12的第二侧54上,而且当载体元件由具有相应特性的材料构成时,所述折边部段还可以与第二侧54熔合。因此,覆层部件10D1在其端部区域中被进一步加强。
在图4A中示出所建议的方法的第二实施形式,其中载体元件12在棱边的区域中可以具有多于一个的预定弯折部位48。在所示出的实施例中,载体元件12具有三个预定弯折部位48。如已经提及的那样,折边部段40由分离面24和相邻设置的预定弯折部位48限定。但因为在图4A中示出的载体元件12具有三个预定弯折部位48,所述预定弯折部位还相对于载体元件12的其余部分限定了另外两个折边部段43。因此可以有针对性地影响弯曲过程并且建立具有特殊几何形状的折边42。
在图4B中示出根据本发明的覆层部件10D3的第三示例性实施例,该覆层部件具有带有三个预定弯折部位48的载体元件12。因此存在一个折边部段40和两个另外的折边部段43。通过设置多于一个的预定弯折部位48尤其是以实现,此时形成的折边42获得另外的弯曲棱边46。与在第一实施例中一样,未绘出的折边角α为180°。
在图4C中示出根据本发明的覆层部件10D4的第四实施例。通过设置相应数量的预定弯折部位48和在弯曲所述折边部段40和两个另外的折边部段43时相应的工艺过程,还可以将折边42设计成,使得所述折边包围空腔56,由此在折边42中附加地加强覆层部件10D4。与在第一实施例中一样,未绘出的折边角α为180°。
在覆层部件10D3的第三实施例和覆层部件10D4的第四实施例中,带42,折边部段40都贴合在载体元件12上,从而在这里覆层部件10D3和10D4双层地构成,由此附加地增加了刚度。
附图标记列表:
10 覆层部件
10C、10C1、10C2 没有折边的覆层部件
10D、10C1-10D4 具有折边的覆层部件
10P 根据现有技术的覆层部件
12 载体元件
12A 经校准的垫子
12B 变形的垫子
14 成型模具
16 上模具
18 下模具
20 间隙
21 裁切边
22 边缘段
24 分离面
26 凹部
28 隆起
30 滑芯
32 腔
34 功能元件
36 中空区域
38 装饰层
40 折边部段
42 折边
43 另外的折边部段
44 突起
46 弯曲棱边
48 预定弯折部位
50 热源
52 第一侧
54 第二侧
56 空腔
α 折边角
R 方向
T1 第一温度
T2 第二温度

Claims (7)

1.用于包覆乘客运输工具的内部空间的覆层部件,所述覆层部件包括:
-载体元件(12),所述载体元件具有至少一个分离面(24)和至少一个邻接于所述分离面(24)的折边部段(40),
-其中所述载体元件(12)具有至少一个折边(42),所述折边包括至少一个弯曲的折边部段(40),
其特征在于,
所述覆层部件(10)包括至少一个施加到所述载体元件(12)上的装饰层(38),所述装饰层在所述折边(42)中弯曲,
所述载体元件(12)具有至少一个预定弯折部位(48),所述预定弯折部位相对于载体元件(12)的其余部分限定所述折边部段,并且
所述折边部段(40)与载体元件(12)的其余部分相同地构造,所述折边部段(40)形成180°的折边角(α),并且所述折边部段(40)至少部分地在与装饰层相对置的侧面贴靠在所述载体元件(12)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的覆层部件,其特征在于,所述折边(42)包围空腔(56)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的覆层部件,其特征在于,所述覆层部件(10)具有功能元件(34)。
4.用于制造根据上述权利要求1至3之一所述的覆层部件的方法,其中所述覆层部件(10)包括具有至少一个折边部段(40)的载体元件(12),所述方法包括以下步骤:
-加热经校准的垫子(12A)并且将其置入具有上模具(16)和下模具(18)的成型模具(14)中,
-通过移动所述上模具(16)和/或所述下模具(18)使所述成型模具(14)闭合,并且使经校准的垫子(12A)成形为载体元件(12),和
-通过加热所述载体元件(12)和通过弯曲至少一个折边部段(40)来提供至少一个折边(42),
-在闭合所述成型模具(14)时给所述载体元件(12)设置至少一个预定弯折部位(48),和
-利用所述至少一个预定弯折部位(48)来弯曲至少一个所述折边部段(40、43),使得所述折边部段(40)与载体元件(12)的其余部分相同地构造,以及使得所述折边部段(40)形成180°的折边角(α),并且所述折边部段(40)至少部分地在与装饰层相对置的侧面贴靠在所述载体元件(12)上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,还包括下述步骤:
-将所述载体元件(12)与至少一个装饰层(38)一起置入所述成型模具(14)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个装饰层(38)贴合在所述载体元件(12)的第一侧(52)上,并且相对置的第二侧(54)没有装饰层(38),所述方法包括以下步骤:
-在所述第一侧(52)上将所述载体元件(12)局部加热到第一温度(T1),
-在所述第二侧(54)上将所述载体元件(12)局部加热到第二温度(T2),其中,第一温度(T1)低于第二温度(T2),其中
-在从所述成型模具(14)中取出后加热所述载体元件(12)。
7.根据权利要求4至6之一所述的方法,其特征在于下述步骤:
-在成型模具(14)闭合时将功能元件(34)注塑到所述载体元件(12)上。
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