CN110157553A - A kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110157553A
CN110157553A CN201910497247.1A CN201910497247A CN110157553A CN 110157553 A CN110157553 A CN 110157553A CN 201910497247 A CN201910497247 A CN 201910497247A CN 110157553 A CN110157553 A CN 110157553A
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parts
salt
hard water
dishes
washes
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乔辉杰
米立伟
卫武涛
崔世忠
陈卫华
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/046Salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/10Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2075Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • C11D3/2086Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/14Hard surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to daily cleaning product technical field, in particular to a kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt and preparation method thereof.The parts by weight composition of the salt that washes the dishes is as follows: 1-20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 10-90 parts of sodium chloride, 5-90 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 1-90 parts, 0-5 parts of stabilizer, 0-40 parts of dispersing agent.High-strength hard water adaptive type of the present invention wash the dishes salt with strong detergency, after washing tableware residual is low;The advantages that potent antibacterial, stability are good, the fast defoaming of blistering is rapid, easily biological-degradable, environmental protection and public nuisance free, is easy to be acceptable to the market and promote.

Description

A kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to daily cleaning product technical field, in particular to a kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt and its preparation Method.
Background technique
With the rapid development of society, scientific and technical with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements, the continuous improvement of living standard, fast pace life are urgent Make the raising of working efficiency.Dish-washing machine gradually comes into thousand ten thousand as product of the time, the public places such as the hotel Yi Cong, dining room Family.However, often eat in public places it is found that can also remain oil stain on tableware, therefore, the washing of dish-washing machine Effect becomes the important barrier that dish-washing machine moves towards daily life.Furthermore dish-washing machine is often in wet environment, it is easy to nourish thin How bacterium realizes the problem of comparing concern to dish-washing machine progress sterilization processing and consumer while washing the dishes.
Surfactant is the important component in cleaning product, has fixed hydrophilic lipophilic group, hydrophobic group Dirt " is caught " in cleaning solution;Hydrophilic radical is separated dirt by emulsification and wetting action with water flow from cleaning materials Out, to achieve the effect that washing is clean.But general surfactant is more sensitive to hard water at present, calcium in hard water, Magnesium ion produces metal salt in conjunction with the surfactant in cleaning product, and being deposited on the wall of washing implement influences clearly Effect is washed, and surfactant is made to lose vigor, reduces the major function of detergent.In addition, the calcium and magnesium ion in hard water is held The fouling in the inside of dish-washing machine and pipeline easily in washing process, reduces the service life of dish-washing machine, while increasing dish-washing machine Maintenance cost.Therefore, it develops a kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type with stain removal bactericidal ability and washes the dishes salt with realistic meaning, it will The market of dish-washing machine can greatly be expanded.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address current dish-washing machine, existing washing decontamination is not thorough, in dish-washing machine in use The problems such as portion easily breeds bacterium, resistance to hard water is poor and a kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type suitable for various dish-washing machines is provided and is washed the dishes Salt and preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problems, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt, and the parts by weight composition of the salt that washes the dishes is as follows:
1-20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 10-90 parts of sodium chloride, 5-90 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 1-90 parts, stablize 0-5 parts of agent, 0-40 parts of dispersing agent.
The high-strength hard water adaptive type salt that washes the dishes can be powder, bulk or liquid.
The high-strength hard water adaptive type wash the dishes salt be it is powdered when, the salt that washes the dishes parts by weight composition it is as follows:
2-20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 20-70 parts of sodium chloride, 10-40 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 20-50 parts.
The high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt when being blocky, and the parts by weight composition of the salt that washes the dishes is as follows:
2-20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 30-60 parts of sodium chloride, 10-30 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 20-30 parts, point 1-5 parts of powder.
The high-strength hard water adaptive type wash the dishes salt be it is liquid when, the salt that washes the dishes parts by weight composition it is as follows:
2-20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 30-40 parts of sodium chloride, 8-30 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 10-30 parts, point 25-40 parts of powder, 0.1-0.5 parts of stabilizer.
Preferably, the tea tree extract sodium sulphate is obtained by laxative remedy:, will under conditions of control temperature is not higher than 40 DEG C Chlorosulfonic acid is mixed with tea tree extract, later in 0-40 DEG C of reaction 1-6h, is later isolated and purified reaction product described in obtaining Tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Further, the mass ratio of the tea tree extract and chlorosulfonic acid is 1-5:1.
Described isolates and purifies to pour into reaction product in mixture of ice and water, is sufficiently stirred in the case where ice-water bath is cooling It mixes, is later 7-9 with alkali neutralization to pH, later filtering, filtrate condensing crystallizing, tea tree extract sulphur is obtained after filtering and dry again Sour sodium.
The mass ratio of ice and water is 1-5:1 in the mixture of ice and water.According to the amount of the chlorosulfonic acid of addition, adjustment is corresponding Mixture of ice and water in ice, water mass ratio, to avoid react it is too violent.
Specifically, the tea tree extract sodium sulphate is obtained by laxative remedy:
It is added tea tree extract in a kettle, 0-30 DEG C of temperature control, in the case where being sufficiently stirred in being slowly added dropwise in 10-120min Suitable chlorosulfonic acid (mass ratio of tea tree extract and chlorosulfonic acid is 1-5:1), temperature does not exceed 0-40 DEG C when dropwise addition, pays attention to It spumes, does not overflow material.After adding chlorosulfonic acid, the hydrogen chloride gas matter that is generated in 0-40 DEG C of reaction 1-6h, reaction Score 5-50% sodium hydroxide solution is measured to absorb.After reaction, reaction mixture is slowly poured into and fills appropriate ice water and mixes It closes in the processing unit of object (ice: water=1-5:1), is sufficiently stirred simultaneously, it is cooling with ice-water bath outside device.After mixing evenly, Mass fraction 5-50% sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise under stiring to carry out being neutralized to pH being 7-9.Mixed liquor is filtered, then by filtrate Condensing crystallizing, filtering are dry to get tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Wherein, the tea tree extract is one of kinds such as camellia, oil tea, thick short stamen tea, short stamen tea or a kind of Above extract.Preferably Tea Saponin content is not less than 50% tea tree extract.
The acquisition form of specific extract, and have no special requirements.The root of such as tea tree, stem, leaf, seed it is a kind of or it is a kind of with Upper tissue drying crushes, juicing extraction method, crystallisation, microwave extraction method, ultrasonic extraction, solution extraction, leaching from The tea tree that one of heart method, enzymatic treatment method, super critical extraction, fermentation method, freeze-drying or a variety of extracting methods obtain Extract is all possible.
The builder is bases;One of following or more than one mixture: sodium hydroxide, hydrogen-oxygen specifically may be selected Change potassium, the carbonate of alkali metal, bicarbonate, silicate, meta-aluminate, sulphite, borate, phosphate, set alkali, grass greatly The wooden alkali, Peruvian bark tree bark extract, Nuciferine, nicotine, ephedrine, jamaicin, brucine, new brucine, Oxymatrine Alkali, anisodine, leonurine, tetrahydropalmatine, demethyl coclaurine, matrine, camptothecine, basic amino acid etc..
Described hard water resistance dose is selected from one of following or more than one mixture: EDETATE DISODIUM, EDTA tetrasodium salt, Portugal It is grape sodium saccharate, K-IAO, calcium gluconate, potassium pyrophosphate, phosphate, amino carboxylic acid, 1,3- diketone, hydroxycarboxylic acid, more Amine, porphyrin analog derivative, crown ether analog derivative, iminodisuccinic acid disodium salt, iminodisuccinic acid tetrasodium salt, tartaric acid Salt, citrate, calcium acetate, citric acid, tartaric acid, aminotriacetic acid, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic methyl pitch phosphoric acid The adjacent phenylacetic acid of sodium, five methene phosphoric acid of diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine two, ethylenediamine two adjacent sodium, sodium tripolyphosphate, ammonia Base trimethyl pitch phosphoric acid, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphoric acid, 2- phosphoric acid butane -1,2,4- tricarboxylic acids, Di acyl acetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentamethylene sodium ascorbyl phosphate, dithizone, gluconic acid, sodium metasilicate, ethoxy second Ethylenediamine triacetic acid, bicine N-, tetracarboxylic acid cyclopentane, 2- fluoroacetic acid propylmalonic acid, 2- fluoroacetic acid base fourth are led, chelate tree Rouge, glutamic acid diacetic acid salt, humate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and its esters, alcohol Ether carboxylic acids, alpha-alkene sulfonate etc..
The stabilizer is selected from one of following or more than one mixture: starch, agar, gelatin, algin sodium, fruit Glue, algin propylene diester, carboxymethyl cellulose and its esters, various converted starches, gum arabic, guar gum, xanthan Glue.
The dispersing agent is selected from one of following or more than one mixture: water, alcohols, fatty acid, aliphatic acyl Amine, esters, high molecular polymerization species, cellulose derivative class, polysaccharide.As ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol may be selected in alcohols Deng optional stearic acid of fatty acid etc., the optional vinyl bis-stearamides of aliphatic amide type etc., the optional tristearin of esters Polyethylene glycol, fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester etc. may be selected in sour monoglyceride, glyceryl tristearate etc., high molecular polymerization species, Hydroxymethyl cellulose etc. may be selected in cellulose derivative class, and guar gum etc. may be selected in polysaccharide, other can be used as dispersing agent certainly Material it is also possible.
In the present invention, the application of tea tree extract sodium sulphate is a very big bright spot.
Tea Saponin is rich in tea tree, Tea Saponin is by different aglycons, sugared body and organic acid, with different connection type groups At, it is a kind of natural nonionic surfactant, there are the function such as good foaming, foam stabilizing, dispersion, decontamination, emulsification, wetting Can, while Tea Saponin also has outstanding antimicrobial antiviral activity.In addition to this, Tea Saponin derives from the extraction of natural plants, Can be degradable by microorganism, and it is non-toxic to humans.Therefore, Tea Saponin is the ideal material for making antimicrobial form cleaning chemical products Material.But Tea Saponin is soluble in hot water, is slightly soluble in warm water, so that the use condition of Tea Saponin cleaning chemical products is restricted.And tea Contain a large amount of modifiable hydroxyl in saponin, the present invention is modified it using chlorosulfonic acid, and tea tree extract sodium sulphate is made Novel surfactant, the surfactant have the advantages that anion and nonionic surface active agent simultaneously, can not only increase Add its solubility, its dirt-removing power also can be enhanced.In addition, Tea Saponin molecule is only that a small amount of hydroxyl is modified, subject characteristic It will not change, still there is antibacterial, antiviral ability.Meanwhile the sodium sulphate group newly introduced is non-toxic to humans, it is also easily logical It is Tea Saponin and sulfate that hydrolysis, which is crossed, by the microorganism conversion of nature, does not influence the degradation of microorganism.Therefore, it was modified Tea tree extract sodium sulphate not only there is outstanding antibacterial dirt-removing power, also have the characteristics that environmentally protective, harmless. This patent uses the tea tree extract rich in Tea Saponin as raw material, with chlorosulfonic acid through single step reaction, then passes through subsequent simple place Reason, is made tea tree extract sodium sulphate, raw material sources are extensive, and at low cost, method of modifying is simple to operation.Still further aspect, tea It sets in extract also containing substances such as tea polyphenols, tea tree ethereal oils, all has good sterilizing ability, further promote tea tree and extract The bactericidal effect of object sodium sulphate.
Sodium chloride is mostly used to make flavoring agent in daily life.But in fact, bacterium can be dehydrated death in salt water, therefore Sodium chloride has good bactericidal effect.In protein aqueous solution, sodium chloride can increase the charge on protein molecule surface, Enhance the effect of protein and hydrone, so that the solubility of protein in aqueous solution be made to increase, therefore, sodium chloride can have Effect removes isolating protein.And sodium chloride strong electrolyte person's character, grease can be accelerated and paste the disengaging of block, therefore, sodium chloride can also be with Effectively remove intractable grease and paste block.
In the present invention, while using the effect of the advantage of tea tree extract sodium sulphate and sodium chloride, the effect of the two is had Machine combines and realizes cooperative compensating, and the salt that washes the dishes developed to tableware and is washed with high-effective cleansing ability, and while washing the dishes Bowl machine carries out depth sterilization processing, and without in addition addition fungicide.
Hard water resistance dose can form complex compound, the hardness of water is effectively reduced with the calcium in hard water, the coordination of magnesium plasma, from And detergent caused by hard water is avoided to inactivate and influence washing effect, while from preventing calcium and magnesium ion in hard water from tying in dish-washing machine Dirt.
To sum up, the present invention by simple method by tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder, hard water resistance dose, it is steady Determine agent and dispersing agent is homogenously mixed together, and the amount by changing dispersing agent, realizes the preparation of solid and liquid dishwasher salt;Its Middle detergent bar salt can realize the regulation of its exterior appearance, match the washing of all dish-washing machines by the difference of molding die Slot.
From the composition for washing the dishes salt, the present invention cleverly utilizes effective decontamination and the sterilizing ability of tea tree extract sodium sulphate And sodium chloride good dissolubility and sterilizing ability, the washing effect of salt so that enhancing is washed the dishes, and pass through tea tree extract sulphur The double sterilization function of sour sodium and sodium chloride promotes the sterilizing ability for the salt that washes the dishes.And by tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride Characteristic and builder, hard water resistance dose, after the effect of stabilizer, dispersing agent cooperates with together, the salt that washes the dishes of acquisition is just provided with fastly Instant solution, it is potent go isolating protein, potent degreasing and the abilities such as sterilize, while the shadow of calcium in hard water, magnesium plasma can be eliminated It rings, dishes is made to be easier to clean up, play the effect of protection dishwasher components.
The present invention wash the dishes salt raw material sources it is extensive, it is at low cost, be easily biodegradable, be harmless, highlight economical environment-protective Harmless quality;Salt decontamination of washing the dishes is thorough, has superpower removal energy in particular for protein, intractable grease and paste block etc. Power;Sterilizing ability is strong, softened water, raw material easily biological-degradable.The present invention salt that washes the dishes is applicable not only to family, while being also applied for wine The places dish-washing machine such as shop, restaurant, dining room uses.
It washes the dishes the preparation method of salt invention further provides the high-strength hard water adaptive type, takes tea according to the weight ratio Tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder and hard water resistance dose are sufficiently mixed, and drying and crushing obtains powdered form and washes the dishes later Salt.
Or tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder, hard water resistance dose of mixing, Zhi Houjia are taken according to the weight ratio Enter dispersing agent to be sufficiently mixed, drying and crushing and form later, obtains bulk and wash the dishes salt.
Or take tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder, hard water resistance dose and stabilizer mixed according to the weight ratio It closes, dispersing agent is added later and is sufficiently mixed uniformly, obtains liquid dishwasher salt.
In the above method, it can use the methods of ball milling or stirring and promote being sufficiently mixed for each component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
High-strength hard water adaptive type of the present invention wash the dishes salt with strong detergency, after washing tableware residual is low;Potent antibacterial, The advantages that stability is good, strong water adaptability, easily biological-degradable, environmental protection and public nuisance free, is easy to be acceptable to the market and promote.
Specific embodiment
Below the technical scheme of the invention is illustrated by a specific example, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
Embodiment 1
A kind of powdered salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type, preparation process in turn include the following steps:
Weigh 20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 50 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.
Wherein tea tree extract sodium sulphate is made by laxative remedy:
(1) choosing Wuyi Mountain, fujian tea free is raw material, through artificial drying, is crushed, and then extracts precipitating legal system by water At tea tree extract:
The tea free of acquisition is dried, is crushed, by tea free crushed material water (crushed material is 1:5 with water quality ratio) in 50 ~60 DEG C are soaked for a period of time and are stirred continuously, and filter to obtain leaching liquor.Isolated crushed material is used flooding 3 times again, is closed And all leaching liquors.A certain amount of precipitating reagent CaO is added into leaching liquor, filters to obtain precipitating, then converts precipitating with ion Agent turns molten, and tea tree extract product is obtained after concentrated, filtering, drying (Tea Saponin content is greater than 90%).
(2) it is added tea tree extract in a kettle, 10 DEG C of temperature control, in the case where being sufficiently stirred in chlorine is slowly added dropwise in 20min Sulfonic acid (mass ratio of tea tree extract and chlorosulfonic acid be 4:1), temperature does not exceed 15 DEG C when dropwise addition, pays attention to spuming, not make Material overflows.Add hydrogen chloride gas 5% sodium hydroxide of mass fraction generated in 25 DEG C of reaction 2h, reaction after chlorosulfonic acid Solution absorbs.After reaction, reaction mixture is slowly poured into the processing unit for filling appropriate mixture of ice and water (ice: Water=3:1), it is sufficiently stirred simultaneously, it is cooling with ice-water bath outside device.After mixing evenly, mass fraction is added dropwise under stiring 30% sodium hydroxide solution carries out being neutralized to pH being 7.5.Mixed liquor is filtered, then by filtrate condensing crystallizing, is filtered, dry, system Obtain tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 2
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type includes the following steps:
Weigh 18 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 52 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Its The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for middle tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 3
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type includes the following steps:
Weigh 16 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 54 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Its The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for middle tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 4
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type includes the following steps:
Weigh 14 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 56 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Its The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for middle tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 5
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type includes the following steps:
Weigh 12 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 58 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Its The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for middle tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 6
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type includes the following steps:
Weigh 10 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 60 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Its The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for middle tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 7
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type is as follows:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 62 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.In mechanical stirring Under the action of, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 8
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type is as follows:
Weigh 6 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 64 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.In mechanical stirring Under the action of, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 9
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type is as follows:
Weigh 4 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 66 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.In mechanical stirring Under the action of, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 10
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type is as follows:
Weigh 2 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 68 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.In mechanical stirring Under the action of, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for tea tree extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 11
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 62 parts of lake salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of sodium citrates.In mechanical stirring Under the action of, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein The preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 12
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 50 parts of sea salt, 12 parts of camptothecines, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of citric acids Sodium.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, is made that high-strength hard water adaptive type is powdered to be washed Bowl product salt.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 13
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 40 parts of sea salt, 22 parts of sodium carbonate, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of citric acids Sodium.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, is made that high-strength hard water adaptive type is powdered to be washed Bowl product salt.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 14
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 30 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 12 parts of vegetation alkali, 20 parts of citric acids Sodium, 20 parts of sodium gluconates.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, is crushed, is made high strong The powdered product salt that washes the dishes of water adaptive type.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 15
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 20 parts of sea salt, 14 parts of Peruvian bark tree bark extracts, 14 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 24 Part sodium tartrate, 20 parts of EDETATE DISODIUMs.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, is crushed, system Obtain the high-strength powdered product salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 16
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 62 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of Nuciferines, 20 parts of sodium citrates.Churned mechanically Under effect, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein tea Set the preparation method such as embodiment 1 of extract sodium sulphate.
Embodiment 17
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 62 parts of sea salt, 5 parts of sodium carbonate, 5 parts of basic amino acids, 20 parts of citric acids Sodium.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, is made that high-strength hard water adaptive type is powdered to be washed Bowl product salt.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 18
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 62 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 parts of EDETATE DISODIUMs.It is stirred in machinery Under the action of mixing, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Its The preparation method of middle tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 19
The wash the dishes preparation process of salt of high-strength hard water adaptive type bulk in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 54 parts of sea salt, 13 parts of sodium carbonate, 10 parts of sodium citrates, 10 parts of EDETATE SODIUMs Salt, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, then passes through punching press Machine forms said mixture in suitable mold, and high-strength hard water adaptive type bulk is made and washes the dishes product salt.Wherein tea tree The preparation method of extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 20
The wash the dishes preparation process of salt of high-strength hard water adaptive type bulk in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 32 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of Peruvian bark tree bark extracts, 15 parts of sodium carbonate, 10 parts Sodium tartrate, 20 parts of iminodisuccinic acid tetrasodium salts, 5 parts of glyceryl monostearates.Under the action of mechanical stirring, by each group Divide and be uniformly mixed, through drying, crush, then formed said mixture in suitable mold by press machine, is made high Strong water adaptive type bulk washes the dishes product salt.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 21
The wash the dishes preparation process of salt of high-strength hard water adaptive type bulk in turn includes the following steps:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 42 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of vegetation alkali, 15 parts of matrines, 20 parts of aminotriacetic acids Sodium, 1 part of ethylene glycol, 4 parts of ethyl alcohol.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, then passes through Press machine forms said mixture in suitable mold, and high-strength hard water adaptive type bulk is made and washes the dishes product salt.Wherein The preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 22
The preparation process of high-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher salt in turn includes the following steps:
It is 100 parts according to weight summation, weighs 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 30 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 20 Part sodium citrate, 0.5 part of agar, 1 part of polyethylene glycol, 5 parts of ethyl alcohol, surplus water.Mechanical stirring is carried out, until be uniformly mixed, High-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher product salt is made.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 23
The preparation process of high-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher salt in turn includes the following steps:
According to weight summation be 100 parts, weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 30 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of new brucine, 20 parts of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrates, 0.1 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of glycerine, 10 parts of ethyl alcohol, surplus water.Mechanical stirring is carried out, Until being uniformly mixed, high-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher product salt is made.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate Such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 24
The preparation process of high-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher salt in turn includes the following steps:
It is 100 parts according to weight summation, weighs 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 35 parts of sea salt, 8 parts of sodium carbonate, 20 parts of Portugals Grape sodium saccharate, 0.5 part of algin propylene diester, 1 part of ethylene glycol, 8 parts of ethyl alcohol, surplus water.Mechanical stirring is carried out, until mixing Uniformly, high-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher product salt is made.The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1。
Comparative example
Comparative example 1 (uses not modified tea tree extract)
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps in this comparative example:
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extracts, 30 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 12 parts of vegetation alkali, 20 parts of sodium citrates, 20 parts Sodium gluconate.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, high-strength hard water adaptive type is made The powdered product salt that washes the dishes.
The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract such as embodiment 1.
(sodium chloride is not added) in comparative example 2
The preparation process of high-strength hard water adaptive type liquid dishwasher salt in turn includes the following steps in this comparative example.
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 10 parts of new brucine, 20 parts of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrates, 0.1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose Plain sodium, 1 part of glycerine, 10 parts of ethyl alcohol, surplus water.Mechanical stirring is carried out, until being uniformly mixed, high-strength hard water adaptive type is made Liquid dishwasher product salt.
The wherein preparation method of tea tree extract sodium sulphate such as embodiment 1.
(builder is not added) in comparative example 3
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps in this comparative example.
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 72 parts of sea salt, 20 parts of sodium citrates.It, will be each under the action of mechanical stirring Component is uniformly mixed, and through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein tea tree extract sulphur The preparation method of sour sodium such as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4 (is not added hard water resistance dose)
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type in turn includes the following steps in this comparative example.
Weigh 8 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 30 parts of sea salt, 30 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 32 parts of vegetation alkali.Churned mechanically Under effect, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, crushes, the powdered product salt that washes the dishes of high-strength hard water adaptive type is made.Wherein tea Set the preparation method such as embodiment 1 of extract sodium sulphate.
Comparative example 5 (replaces tea tree extract sodium sulphate using Tea Saponin sulfuric ester)
The preparation process of the high-strength powdered salt that washes the dishes of hard water adaptive type is as follows in this comparative example:
Weigh 8 parts of Tea Saponin sulfuric esters, 30 parts of sea salt, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonates, 12 parts of vegetation alkali, 20 parts of sodium citrates, 20 Part sodium gluconate.Under the action of mechanical stirring, each component is uniformly mixed, through drying, is crushed, high-strength hard water is made and is applicable in The powdered product salt that washes the dishes of type.Wherein the preparation method of Tea Saponin sulfuric ester uses that application No. is implement in 201410053599.5 The method of example 1.
Effect experiment:
1, it is tested using the true washing effect of dish-washing machine:
Copy manual dishwashing with gone in detergent standard GB/T 9985-2000 oil cut rate method to above embodiments and right Ratio detergent carries out true detergency test in dishwasher into operation condition: by clean plate with electronic scale be precisely weighed for m0, then by a certain amount of artificial dirt (miscella 15%, wheat flour 15%, whole milk powder 7.5%, fresh whole egg liquid 30%, distilled water 32.5%, mass ratio) it is coated on plate, 4h is hung at room temperature, to imitate stain.Then electricity consumption Plate after defiling is precisely weighed as m by sub- scale1.Plate after defiling is placed on the wash stand in certain brand dish-washing machine, The corresponding detergent of 15g is added in detergent tank, setting wash temperature is 30 DEG C, and setting wash time is 10min, is then started Power supply starts to wash.After washing, plate is taken out, after being rinsed 2 times with clear water, places hang on the top of the shelf at room temperature The correct amount after 3h that dries in the air is m2
Test result is as follows:
The test result really washed using dish-washing machine
2, antibiotic property is tested:
According to antibacterial bacteriostatic detergent industry standard QB/T 2738-2005 to above embodiments and comparative example detergent It carries out antibiotic property test: the above detergent use Sterile standard hard water being dissolved to defined concentration, cleaning solution 5.0mL is drawn and puts Enter in sterilizing test tubes, 20 DEG C of constant temperature 5min, then draws test bacteria liquid 0.1mL and be added in the test tube of the sample containing 5.0mL, rapidly It mixes, and timing immediately.After effect to setting time, the mixed liquor 0.1mL of test organisms and sample is taken, is added to and is passed through containing 5.0mL In the test tube of the neutralizer of sterilizing, mix.After neutralizing 10min, sample liquid 1mL is drawn, is placed in sterilizing plates, each sample liquid or dilute It releases liquid and is inoculated with two sterilizing plates.It is poured into cool to 40-45 DEG C of nutrient agar 15mL, rotates plate, fill it Divide uniformly, plate is overturn after agar solidification, (35 ± 2) DEG C culture 48h does the counting of viable bacteria bacterium colony, and compares with control sample, counts Calculate sterilizing rate.
Test result is as follows:
Antibiotic rate test result
Note: sterilizing rate 1- is directed to staphylococcus aureus;Sterilizing rate 2- is directed to escherichia coli.
3, detergent measures examination:
Using the residual quantity of anionic surfactant in methylene blue laws measurement washing effect, the specific method is as follows: Plate is washed using above embodiments and comparative example detergent in dish-washing machine, appropriate deionization is used after washing Water rinses plate, pipettes appropriate rinsing test solution in 250mL separatory funnel, adds water to 100mL, chloroform is added For 5mL in separatory funnel, repetition is extracted to that chloroform layer is colourless, all chloroform layers through absorbent cotton filter to In 100mL volumetric flask, then with a little chloroform elution absorbent cotton, constant volume is mixed.With spectrophotometer under wavelength 650nm Measure absorbance, reference standards curve determination content.
Test result is as follows:
Detergent measures test result
4, resistance to hard water measures
Copy manual dishwashing with gone in detergent standard GB/T 9985-2000 oil cut rate method to embodiment 14,20,23 with And 4 detergent of comparative example carries out true detergency test in dishwasher into operation condition: clean plate electronic scale is accurately claimed Weight is m0, then by a certain amount of artificial dirt (miscella 15%, wheat flour 15%, whole milk powder 7.5%, fresh full egg Liquid 30%, distilled water 32.5%) it is coated on plate, 4h is hung at room temperature, to imitate stain.Then electronic scale will Plate after defiling is precisely weighed as m1.Plate after defiling is placed on the wash stand in certain brand dish-washing machine, in detergent The corresponding detergent of 15g is added in slot, setting wash temperature is 30 DEG C, and setting wash time is 10min, then startup power supply, Start to wash.After washing, plate is taken out, after being rinsed 2 times with clear water, is placed after hanging the 3h that dries in the air on the top of the shelf at room temperature Correct amount is m2
Test result is as follows:
The true washing effect test result under different hard water conditions
Detergent Embodiment 14 Embodiment 20 Embodiment 23 Comparative example 4
Under 250mg/L hard water > 99 > 99 > 99 > 99
Under 300mg/L hard water > 99 > 99 > 99 97.6
Under 350mg/L hard water > 99 > 99 > 99 90.4
Under 450mg/L hard water > 99 > 99 95.2 75.7
It is any ripe although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, its protection scope being not intended to limit the invention The technical staff for knowing this technology changes and retouches made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, should belong to this The protection scope of invention.

Claims (10)

  1. The salt 1. a kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes, which is characterized in that the parts by weight composition of the salt that washes the dishes is as follows:
    1-20 parts of tea tree extract sodium sulphate, 10-90 parts of sodium chloride, 5-90 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 1-90 parts, stabilizer 0- 5 parts, 0-40 parts of dispersing agent.
  2. The salt 2. high-strength hard water adaptive type as described in claim 1 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that the tea tree extract sodium sulphate is logical It crosses laxative remedy acquisition: under conditions of control temperature is not higher than 40 DEG C, chlorosulfonic acid being mixed with tea tree extract, later in 0-40 DEG C 1-6 h is reacted, reaction product is isolated and purified obtain the tea tree extract sodium sulphate later.
  3. The salt 3. high-strength hard water adaptive type as claimed in claim 2 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that the tea tree extract is tea soap The mass ratio of tea tree extract of the cellulose content not less than 50%, tea tree extract and chlorosulfonic acid is 1-5:1.
  4. The salt 4. high-strength hard water adaptive type as claimed in claim 2 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that described isolates and purifies as that will react Product pours into mixture of ice and water, is sufficiently stirred in the case where ice-water bath is cooling, is later 7-9 with alkali neutralization to pH, later mistake Filter, filtrate condensing crystallizing obtain tea tree extract sodium sulphate after filtering and dry again.
  5. The salt 5. high-strength hard water adaptive type as claimed in claim 4 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that in the mixture of ice and water ice with The mass ratio of water is 1-5:1.
  6. The salt 6. high-strength hard water adaptive type as described in claim 1 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that the builder is bases;Institute Hard water resistance dose stated is selected from one of following or more than one mixture: EDETATE DISODIUM, EDTA tetrasodium salt, sodium gluconate, K-IAO, calcium gluconate, potassium pyrophosphate, phosphate, amino carboxylic acid, 1,3- diketone, hydroxycarboxylic acid, polyamines, porphyrin Derivative, crown ether analog derivative, iminodisuccinic acid disodium salt, iminodisuccinic acid tetrasodium salt, tartrate, citric acid Salt, calcium acetate, citric acid, tartaric acid, aminotriacetic acid, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic methyl pitch sodium phosphate, divinyl The adjacent phenylacetic acid of five methene phosphoric acid of triamine, ethylenediamine two, ethylenediamine two adjacent sodium, sodium tripolyphosphate, amino trimethyl Pitch phosphoric acid, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphoric acid, 2- phosphoric acid butane -1,2,4- tricarboxylic acids, di Acyl acetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentamethylene sodium ascorbyl phosphate, dithizone, gluconic acid, sodium metasilicate, three second of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Acid, bicine N-, tetracarboxylic acid cyclopentane, 2- fluoroacetic acid propylmalonic acid, 2- fluoroacetic acid base fourth lead, chelating resin, paddy ammonia Sour diacetin, humate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and its esters, alcohol ether carboxylate Class, alpha-alkene sulfonate;The stabilizer is selected from one of following or more than one mixture: starch, agar, gelatin, algae egg White acid sodium, pectin, algin propylene diester, carboxymethyl cellulose and its esters, various converted starches, gum arabic, Guar Bean gum, xanthan gum;The dispersing agent is selected from one of following or more than one mixture: water, alcohols, fatty acid, fat Race's amides, esters, high molecular polymerization species, cellulose derivative class, polysaccharide.
  7. The salt 7. high-strength hard water adaptive type as described in claim 1 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that the high-strength hard water adaptive type is washed Bowl salt is powder, bulk or liquid;
    The high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt as powder, and the parts by weight composition for the salt that washes the dishes is as follows: tea tree extract sodium sulphate 2-20 parts, 20-70 parts of sodium chloride, 10-40 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 20-50 parts;
    The high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt as bulk, and the parts by weight composition of the salt that washes the dishes is as follows: tea tree extract sulphur Sour sodium 2-20 parts, 30-60 parts of sodium chloride, 10-30 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 20-30 parts, 1-5 parts of dispersing agent;
    The high-strength hard water adaptive type wash the dishes salt be it is liquid, the parts by weight of the salt that washes the dishes composition is as follows: tea tree extract 2-20 parts of sodium sulphate, 30-40 parts of sodium chloride, 8-30 parts of builder, hard water resistance dose 10-30 parts, 25-40 parts of dispersing agent, stabilizer 0.1-0.5 parts.
  8. The preparation method of salt 8. any high-strength hard water adaptive type of claim 1-7 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that match according to weight Than taking tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder and hard water resistance dose to be sufficiently mixed, drying and crushing obtains powdered form later Wash the dishes salt.
  9. The preparation method of salt 9. any high-strength hard water adaptive type of claim 1-7 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that match according to weight Than taking tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder, hard water resistance dose of mixing, addition dispersing agent is sufficiently mixed later, Zhi Hougan It is dry to crush simultaneously through press machine punch forming, it obtains bulk and washes the dishes salt.
  10. The preparation method of salt 10. any high-strength hard water adaptive type of claim 1-7 washes the dishes, which is characterized in that according to weight Proportion takes tea tree extract sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, builder, hard water resistance dose and stabilizer mixing, and dispersing agent is added later and fills Divide and be uniformly mixed, obtains liquid dishwasher salt.
CN201910497247.1A 2019-06-10 2019-06-10 A kind of high-strength hard water adaptive type washes the dishes salt and preparation method thereof Pending CN110157553A (en)

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