CN110131966A - 脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置 - Google Patents

脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置 Download PDF

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CN110131966A
CN110131966A CN201910416947.3A CN201910416947A CN110131966A CN 110131966 A CN110131966 A CN 110131966A CN 201910416947 A CN201910416947 A CN 201910416947A CN 110131966 A CN110131966 A CN 110131966A
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fluidized bed
internal heating
heating type
drying device
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吴中华
徐玉君
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Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F26B21/002Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/026Heating arrangements using combustion heating with pulse combustion, e.g. pulse jet combustion drying of particulate materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/082Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed arrangements of devices for distributing fluidising gas, e.g. grids, nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/084Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed, e.g. combined direct and indirect heat exchange
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/08Granular materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,包括流化床,所述流化床上设置有进料口、出料口及排气口,其特征在于:还包括空气预热器及脉动燃烧器,所述流化床床层底端设置有多孔布风板,所述空气预热器端部连接有热风送风泵,所述热风送风泵通过送风管连通至所述布风板;所述流化床内水平设置有若干所述脉动燃烧器。本发明设计科学合理,结合运用脉动燃烧技术与流态化技术,采用多管束脉动燃烧器在流化床内部对物料进行加热干燥,具有传热效率高、能源利用率高且污染排放少等优点,同时能明显缩短干燥时间,挺高生产效率。

Description

脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置
技术领域
本发明属于流化干燥技术领域,涉及流化床干燥装置,特别涉及一种脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置。
背景技术
传统的内加热流化床使用的内加热方式一般为换热管束或加热板,其使用的加热介质一般是锅炉产生的蒸汽,在生产过程中,内热式流化床使用的热风量虽然比气流干燥流化床减少很多,但内部管式换热器任然要借助于蒸汽发生锅炉,不仅设备昂贵,运行及维护管理成本较高,设备的占地面积也较大;同时,干燥能耗较大,存在一定的污染。
脉动燃烧是一种高效低耗且污染排放较低的加热方式,脉动燃烧是指在声震条件下发生的一种周期性燃烧过程。在脉动燃烧区内,压力强度、气流速度、温度和热释放率等参数随时间周期性变化。由于压力、速度的脉动,脉动燃烧过程中的传热传质和动量传递过程被强化,从而使得燃烧器具有很高的燃烧效率、热效率、燃烧强度和很低的污染物排放量。
因此,如果能够将脉动燃烧技术应用于流化床干燥中,将能够大大提升工作效率,节省成本。
通过对公开专利文献的检索,并未发现与本专利申请相同的公开专利文献。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种运行维护方便、能耗低、换热效率高且污染排放少的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置。
本发明解决其技术问题是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,包括流化床,所述流化床上设置有进料口、出料口及排气口,其特征在于:还包括空气预热器及脉动燃烧器,所述流化床床层底端设置有多孔布风板,所述空气预热器端部连接有热风送风泵,所述热风送风泵通过送风管连通至所述布风板;所述流化床内水平设置有若干所述脉动燃烧器;
所述脉动燃烧器包括吹扫风机、预混合室、燃烧室、尾管、尾气去耦室、燃气供给室及控制单元,所述燃烧室的一端连接所述预混合室,所述吹扫风机及燃气供给室分别通过管路连接至所述预混合室,所述预混合室内设置有火花塞;所述燃烧室的另一端连接尾管,所述尾管连接至尾气去耦室,所述吹扫风机、燃气供给室及火花塞均连接至所述控制单元。
而且,所述尾管为多管束尾管。
而且,所述尾管的长度等于所述流化床的床层长度。
而且,所述尾气去耦室连接至所述空气预热器。
而且,所述脉动燃烧器的个数为2~3个。
本发明的优点和有益效果为:
1、本发明的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,流化床床层底端设置有多孔布风板,空气预热器端部连接有热风送风泵,热风送风泵通过送风管连通至布风板;流化床内水平设置有若干脉动燃烧器,由于脉动燃烧高燃烧率与高传热效率,较之以燃油锅炉供热干燥能耗降低,传热效率提高,能耗降低约20%,对流传热效率提高将近20%;燃烧产物中的污染物(CO,NOX)浓度较稳定燃烧明显降低,CO排放降低50%,NOX排放降低至1%;多管束脉动燃烧器结构简单,成本低,初期投资大幅降低,运行维护方便。
2、本发明的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,尾管为多管束尾管,能够提高物料与尾管的接触面积,保证物料充分干燥,提高传热效率。
3、本发明的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,尾管的长度等于流化床的床层长度,保证物料的充分接触受热,避免干燥死角,提高换热效果。
4、本发明的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,尾气去耦室连接至空气预热器,能够将换热后的尾气热量进行回收利用,进入空气预热器中进行循环加热,提高能源利用率。
5、本发明的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,脉动燃烧器的个数为2~3个,提高传热效率,加快干燥速率,提高工作效率。
6、本发明设计科学合理,结合运用脉动燃烧技术与流态化技术,采用多管束脉动燃烧器在流化床内部对物料进行加热干燥,具有传热效率高、能源利用率高且污染排放少等优点,同时能明显缩短干燥时间,挺高生产效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为图1的A-A向剖视图;
图3为本发明脉动燃烧器的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1-脉动燃烧器、2-进料口、3-排气口、4-出料口、5-空气预热器、6-热风送风泵、7-多孔布风板、8-流化床、9-吹扫风机、10-进气阀、11-预混合室、12-火花塞、13-燃烧室、14-多管束尾管、15-尾气去耦室、16-燃气供给室、17-控制单元。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
如图1及图2所示,一种脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,包括流化床8,流化床上设置有进料口2、出料口4及排气口3,其创新之处在于:还包括空气预热器5及脉动燃烧器1,流化床床层底端设置有多孔布风板7,空气预热器端部连接有热风送风泵6,热风送风泵通过送风管连通至多孔布风板;流化床内水平设置有若干脉动燃烧器;
如图3所示,脉动燃烧器包括吹扫风机9、预混合室11、燃烧室13、尾管、尾气去耦室15、燃气供给室16及控制单元17,燃烧室的一端连接预混合室,吹扫风机及燃气供给室分别通过管路连接至预混合室,管路上设置有进气阀10,预混合室内设置有火花塞12;燃烧室的另一端连接尾管,尾管连接至尾气去耦室,吹扫风机、燃气供给室及火花塞均连接至控制单元。由于脉动燃烧高燃烧率与高传热效率,较之以燃油锅炉供热干燥能耗降低,传热效率提高,能耗降低约20%,对流传热效率提高将近20%;燃烧产物中的污染物(CO,NOX)浓度较稳定燃烧明显降低,CO排放降低50%,NOX排放降低至1%;多管束脉动燃烧器结构简单,成本低,初期投资大幅降低,运行维护方便。
尾管为多管束尾管14,能够提高物料与尾管的接触面积,保证物料充分干燥,提高传热效率。
尾管的长度等于流化床的床层长度,保证物料的充分接触受热,避免干燥死角,提高换热效果。
尾气去耦室连接至空气预热器,能够将换热后的尾气热量进行回收利用,进入空气预热器中进行循环加热,提高能源利用率。
脉动燃烧器的个数为2~3个,提高传热效率,加快干燥速率,提高工作效率。
本发明的工作原理为:
颗粒状物料从进料口被加入到流化床的床层中,热风送风泵将空气预热器中的热风经布风板送入到流化床中并将物料流化,流化状态的物料将脉动燃烧器的多管束尾管淹没;同时,脉动燃烧器开启工作,产生的高温高频尾气进入多管束尾管将物料加热,使物料中的水分被汽化,在多管束尾管放热后的尾气经过尾气耦合器汇入空气预热器中与新鲜空气混合;从热风送风泵进入流化床床层的热风自下而上穿过物料层,在将物料流化的同时将床层中的水蒸气带出,最后由流化床顶端的排气口排出,被干燥的物料产品从出料口排出。
经对利用本方法研制出的脉动燃烧内加热流化床干燥装置样机进行测定表明,与传统的锅炉蒸汽供热时内加热流化床干燥器相比,本装置能耗降低约20%,CO排放降低50%,NOX排放降低至1%,干燥速率可以提高10%。
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例和附图,但是本领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内,各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的,因此,本发明的范围不局限于实施例和附图所公开的内容。

Claims (5)

1.一种脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,包括流化床,所述流化床上设置有进料口、出料口及排气口,其特征在于:还包括空气预热器及脉动燃烧器,所述流化床床层底端设置有多孔布风板,所述空气预热器端部连接有热风送风泵,所述热风送风泵通过送风管连通至所述布风板;所述流化床内水平设置有若干所述脉动燃烧器;
所述脉动燃烧器包括吹扫风机、预混合室、燃烧室、尾管、尾气去耦室、燃气供给室及控制单元,所述燃烧室的一端连接所述预混合室,所述吹扫风机及燃气供给室分别通过管路连接至所述预混合室,所述预混合室内设置有火花塞;所述燃烧室的另一端连接尾管,所述尾管连接至尾气去耦室,所述吹扫风机、燃气供给室及火花塞均连接至所述控制单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,其特征在于:所述尾管为多管束尾管。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,其特征在于:所述尾管的长度等于所述流化床的床层长度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,其特征在于:所述尾气去耦室连接至所述空气预热器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脉动燃烧内加热式流化床干燥装置,其特征在于:所述脉动燃烧器的个数为2~3个。
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Application publication date: 20190816