CN110129063B - Composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland - Google Patents
Composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN110129063B CN110129063B CN201910246282.6A CN201910246282A CN110129063B CN 110129063 B CN110129063 B CN 110129063B CN 201910246282 A CN201910246282 A CN 201910246282A CN 110129063 B CN110129063 B CN 110129063B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 5-10 parts of magnesium powder, 30-50 parts of phosphate and 40-60 parts of humus. After crops are planted in the existing heavy metal polluted land, the content of heavy metals in obtained grains exceeds the standard, and the grains cannot be normally sold, so that the crops can be planted again after being repaired by physical, chemical and biological methods, but the physical, chemical and biological methods have the defects of high repair cost, long time consumption, easiness in generating secondary pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material suitable for safe utilization of polluted farmlands, in particular to a composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal composite polluted farmlands.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the living environment of human beings is also polluted unprecedentedly, and particularly, the waste generated in the industrial production process causes serious heavy metal pollution and organic pollution to the land, thereby influencing the growth of farm crops and the food safety.
After crops are planted in the existing heavy metal polluted land, the content of heavy metals in obtained grains exceeds the standard, and the grains cannot be sold normally, so that the crops can be planted again after being repaired by physical, chemical and biological methods, but the application range of the physical and chemical methods is limited, the heavy metal polluted land is mainly suitable for ex-situ repair, has the defects of large engineering quantity, manpower consumption and high repair price, and is easy to cause serious damage to soil nutrients, structures and microbial communities in the repair process, so that secondary soil environmental pollution and damage are caused, and water and soil loss is more easily caused. Although the biological method is safe to use, the biological remediation efficiency is low, the growth period of organisms is long, the remediation time is long, the land can not be cultivated for a long time, and the normal use of the farmland is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland, and at least solves the problem that the heavy metal content of grains exceeds the standard when crops are planted on heavy metal polluted land in the prior art.
The invention provides a composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 5-10 parts of magnesium powder, 30-50 parts of phosphate and 40-60 parts of humus.
Further, the phosphate is selected from one or more of calcium phosphate, triple superphosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the magnesium powder is magnesium oxide powder.
Further, the composite material also comprises 5-20 parts by weight of biochar.
Still further, the biochar is selected from one or more of rice straw biochar, eucalyptus chip biochar and cow dung biochar.
Further, the composite material also comprises 5-30 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.
Further, the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer.
The invention also discloses a using method of the composite material, which comprises the following steps:
before planting crops, the repairing material is uniformly applied to Cd, Cu and Pb composite polluted soil according to the application amount of 250-500 kg/mu, is uniformly mixed with surface soil, and is sowed after being cured for 2-6 weeks.
Further, the application ratio of the composite material is 300 kg/mu.
Further, the planted crops are selected from one or more of rice and corn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively slow down the absorption of the rice and the corn to the heavy metals in the soil, thereby reducing the content of the heavy metals in the grain and ensuring that the farmland polluted by the heavy metals can be normally cultivated. Meanwhile, the composite material can increase the content of organic matters in soil, obviously improve the proportion of beneficial microorganisms, improve the yield of rice on heavy metal polluted soil, increase the yield by more than 20 percent to 600 kg/mu at most, and ensure that the content of Cd and Pb in rice grains can meet the food sanitation standard. In addition, the composite material has long lasting period, can ensure the normal growth of rice in two seasons after being applied once, and reduces the planting cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The site selection sites of the embodiment and the comparison embodiment of the invention are electronic waste dismantling areas in south China, and under the influence of dismantling activities, farmland soil presents Cd, Cu and Pb composite pollution, and the content is 1.0, 260 and 220mg/kg respectively. The rice variety planted in the embodiment and the comparative example is Fengyousi seedling, and the corn variety is Caesalpinia crista No. 5.
It should be noted that the rice variety can also be selected from Tianyou Huazhan, Huahang 31, Jindaoyou 998 and Guangbaoyou 165, and the corn variety can also be selected from Huazhen and Zhengdan 998.
The comprehensive numerical calculation of the inner Mel index is carried out according to the combined pollution degree of Cd, Cu and Pb, and is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 soil heavy metal content and internal Mello index in moderately contaminated farmland demonstration area
Note: standard implementation Standard for soil environmental quality (GB 15618-1995).
The evaluation standard of the soil pollution of the inner Metro comprehensive index is as follows: p is less than or equal to 0.7, and the pollution level is 1 level (safety); p heald is more than 0.7 and less than or equal to 1, and the pollution level is 2 level (warning line); p heald is less than or equal to 2 when the concentration is 1, and the pollution level is 3 (slight pollution); 2< Pheald is less than or equal to 3, and the pollution level is 4 (moderate pollution); p heald >3, and the pollution level was 4 (severe pollution) (permissive, et al, 2007; yellow-red, et al, 2011). Therefore, the comprehensive index of inner merosal of the farmland to be selected is 4.29, and the farmland belongs to a heavily polluted area.
Dividing the land into 11 experimental fields with each area of 400m2Total 4400m2. The experiments of examples 1 to 10 and the control example were carried out in 11 experimental fields, respectively.
Example 1
The composite material of embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 10 parts of magnesium oxide powder, 30 parts of calcium phosphate and 50 parts of humus.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 1 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-1 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-1 on a standard basis. -
Example 2
The composite material of embodiment 2 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 5 parts of magnesium oxide powder, 40 parts of calcium phosphate, 60 parts of humus and 20 parts of rice straw biochar.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 2 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-2 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-2 on a standard basis.
Example 3
The composite material of embodiment 3 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 8 parts of magnesium oxide powder, 50 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 40 parts of humus. And 30 parts of bio-organic fertilizer.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 2 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-3 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-3 on a standard basis.
Example 4
The composite material of embodiment 4 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 10 parts of magnesium oxide powder, 30 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of humus, 5 parts of rice straw biochar and 20 parts of bio-organic fertilizer.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 4 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-4 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-4 on a standard basis.
Example 5
The composite material of embodiment 5 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 10 parts of magnesium oxide powder, 30 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of humus, 20 parts of rice straw biochar and 5 parts of bio-organic fertilizer.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 5 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-5 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-5 on a standard basis.
Example 6
The composite material of embodiment 6 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 30 parts of triple superphosphate and 50 parts of humus.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 6 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-6 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-6 on a standard basis.
Example 7
The composite material of embodiment 7 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 10 parts of magnesium oxide powder and 50 parts of humus.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 7 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-7 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-7 on a standard basis.
Example 8
The composite material of embodiment 8 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 10 parts of magnesium oxide powder and 30 parts of triple superphosphate.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 8 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 400 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-8 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-8 on a standard basis.
Example 9
The composite material of embodiment 9 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of magnesium powder, 30 parts of calcium phosphate and 50 parts of humus.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 9 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 400 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-9 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-9 on a standard basis.
Example 10
The composite material of embodiment 10 of the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium carbonate powder and 50 parts of humus.
The application method of the composite material in the embodiment 10 of the invention is as follows:
step 1: before planting crops, uniformly applying the repairing material to soil according to the application amount of 500 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the repairing material with surface soil, and sowing rice and corn after curing for 2 weeks;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as A-10 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: crop kernel collection was performed 3 months after rice and corn growth, and scored as group B-10 on a standard basis.
Comparative example
The comparative example of the invention does not add composite materials, and the planting method comprises the following steps:
step 1: sowing the rice and the corn;
step 2: after the rice and the corn grow for 3 months, collecting crop grains, and recording the standard as a CK-A-0 group;
and step 3: after the collection is finished, sowing the crops again;
and 4, step 4: after 3 months of rice and corn growth, crop seed collection was performed and scored as CK-B-0 group.
The crop grains collected in examples 1-10 and the comparative example were subjected to heavy metal content detection, and the results are tabulated below:
TABLE 2 examples 1-10 and comparative examples Collection of heavy Metal content of crop seeds in season I
TABLE 3 examples 1-10 and comparative examples Collection of heavy Metal content of crop seeds in the second season
In the above table nd means no detection.
In the embodiment 1 of the invention, the rice yield is about 600 kg/mu after the first-season planting is carried out on the soil treated by the composite material, compared with the rice yield of only 500 kg/mu in the first season of the comparative example, the yield is increased by 20%, and the Cd and Pb contents of grains can meet the food sanitation standard and can be sold normally. In addition, as shown in the above table 1, in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention, after soil is treated by the composite material, rice and corn are planted, the heavy metal content in crop seeds harvested in the first season is significantly reduced compared with that in the comparative example, especially, the group a-5 of biochar and organic fertilizer is added, which can effectively inhibit the effective absorption of heavy metal by plants, ensure that the heavy metal content of crop seeds growing on plants meets the standard, so that the land contaminated by Cd, Cu and Pb in a composite manner can be safely produced and planted without being repaired, and the utilization efficiency of the land is effectively improved.
As shown in the table above, the composite material of the embodiment of the invention has long lasting time, and after the second-season planting, the composite material can still effectively inhibit the absorption of Pb in the soil by rice and the absorption of Cu in the soil by corn, so that the crop grains harvested in the second season are ensured to meet the food sanitation standard and can be sold safely, and the cost required by safe land production is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the modifications and equivalents of the specific embodiments of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, but these modifications and variations do not depart from the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 5-10 parts of magnesium oxide powder, 30-50 parts of phosphate, 40-60 parts of humus and 5-20 parts of biochar, wherein the phosphate is selected from one or more of calcium phosphate, triple superphosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
2. The composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar is selected from one or more of rice straw biochar, eucalyptus wood chip biochar and cow dung biochar.
3. The composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the composite material further comprises 5-30 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.
4. The composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer.
5. A method of use of the composite material according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is as follows:
before planting crops, the repairing material is uniformly applied to Cd, Cu and Pb composite polluted soil according to the application amount of 250-500 kg/mu, is uniformly mixed with surface soil, and is sowed after being cured for 2-6 weeks.
6. The method of using the composite material of claim 5, wherein the composite material is applied at a rate of 300 kg/acre.
7. The method of using the composite material of claim 5, wherein the crop plants are selected from one or more of rice and corn.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810894529.0A CN108913153A (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2018-08-08 | A kind of composite material suitable for heavy-metal composite pollution farmland safe utilization |
| CN2018108945290 | 2018-08-08 |
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| CN110129063A CN110129063A (en) | 2019-08-16 |
| CN110129063B true CN110129063B (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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| CN201810894529.0A Withdrawn CN108913153A (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2018-08-08 | A kind of composite material suitable for heavy-metal composite pollution farmland safe utilization |
| CN201910246282.6A Active CN110129063B (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2019-03-29 | Composite material suitable for safe utilization of heavy metal combined pollution farmland |
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| CN201810894529.0A Withdrawn CN108913153A (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2018-08-08 | A kind of composite material suitable for heavy-metal composite pollution farmland safe utilization |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110129060A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of charcoal base composite passivant that content of beary metal in Chinese cabbage is effectively reduced and its preparation and method of administration |
| CN110721995B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-10-27 | 云南中钛科技有限公司 | Remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| CN107879857A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-04-06 | 成都薇诺娜生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of organo-mineral complexing soil conditioner |
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- 2018-08-08 CN CN201810894529.0A patent/CN108913153A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| WO1996014901A1 (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-05-23 | Solucorp Industries Ltd. | Treatment process for contaminated waste |
| JP2009013037A (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | Cement composition and its manufacturing method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110129063A (en) | 2019-08-16 |
| CN108913153A (en) | 2018-11-30 |
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